Objective To evaluate the relationship between desmosome-related proteins and epidermal tumors. Methods Using anti-desmoglein 1 and 2 monoclonal antibodies, expression of desmoglein 1 and 2 was examined by an immunohistochem ical staining method in various epidermal tumors such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), actinic keratosis(AK), keratoacanthoma(KA) and seborrhoeic keratosis(SK). Results Desmoglein 1 and 2 were strongly expressed in intercellular space of wh ole epidermis in normal human skin. Expression of desmoglein 1 and 2 was markedl y reduced or absent in SCC cells. Compared with normal epidermal cells, expressi on of desmoglein 1 and 2 was equal to or reduced,with complete absence of stain ing in dysplastic areas in AK cells. Extensive pericellur staining of desmoglein 1 and 2 was found in KA and SK cells, similar to that observed in normal epider mis. Conclusion Expression of desmoglein 1 and 2 is markedly reduced or absent i n human malignant epidermal cancers, reduction of these molecules may contribute to invasiveness and metastasis of epidermal carcinomas.

Objective To investigate whether the activation of secretory prophospholipase A2 (sPLA2) plays the role in the pathophysiological mechanism of acute aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) in rats. Methods Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. Model group received decocted Aristolochia Manshuriensis Kom 30 g·kg-1d-1 by gavage for 7 days following tap water in same way for additional 7 days. Control group received only tap water by garage at parallel time. The renal pathological changes were observed at the 4th, 8th and 14th day. The injury of renal tubules and interstitium was observed under light microscope following a semi-quantity grade. The level of Scr was measured to evaluate glomerular function. Urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG) was tested as renal tubular injury marker. The activity of sPLA2 in serum was detected by manifesting the color of thiols in the substrate. The protein expression of renal cortex and medulla COX-2 was analyzed by Western blot. The metabolic products of pretaglandins (PC, s) including 6-kcto-PGF1α and TXB2 in the plasma and urine were assayed by radioimmunoassay. The ratio of 6-keto-PGF1α/TXB2 was calculated. Results After Aristolochia administration, the tubulointerstitial injury and Scr increased in AA rats and reached the peak at the 8th day, the tubulointerstitial injury index(8.14±2.55 vs 1.50±0.71, P<0.05) and Scr[(0.24±0.10) vs (0.19±0.02) μmol/g, P<0.05] increased significantly in AA rats compared with control group. The activity of sPLA2 (μmol ·min-1·mg-1) in AA group elevated by 1.3-fold compared to control group at 8th day (133.15±17.05 vs 101.3±16.07, P<0.05), while theexpression of COX-2 in renal cortex increased (1.16±0.36 vs 0.69±0.28, P<0.05) with no change in renal medulla. Even though the levels of serum 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2 did not change obviously in both AA and control group, but urinary levels of 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2 increased by 2-fold and 3-fold in AA group compared to control group, respectively (all P<0.05), while the ratio of 6-keto-PGF1α/TXB2 decreased significantly (207.53±17.52 vs 296.64±51.31, P<0.05). All of above changes recovered to the control level at the 14th day except the tubulointerstitial injury index. Conclusion Serum sPLA2 is activated in the rots with acute kidney injury induced by aristolochic acid, which accompanied by up-regulated expression of COX-2 in renal cotex and increased the metabolic products of vasoconstrictive PG s in urine. These changes may participate the mechanism of renal peritubular ischemia in AAN.

Objective:To study the clinical effects of Yishen-Shengxue Decoction on the prevention and treatment of bone marrow suppression in acute myeloid leukemia after chemotherapy. Methods:A total of 60 patients in Beijing Longfu Hospital from June 2018 to March 2020 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, 30 cases in each group. The control group was treated with western medicine and blood transfusion, while the observation group was treated with Yishen-Shengxue Decoction on the basis of the control group. Both groups were treated for 2 weeks. We recorded the occurrence time and duration of Ⅳ degree myelosuppression of the two groups, compared the score of symptoms and signs, injection volume of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and blood transfusion volume, and recorded the incidence of adverse reactions after chemotherapy. Results:The occurrence of myelosuppression in the observation group was significantly later than that of the control group (5.07 ± 0.87 d vs. 3.83 ± 1.15 d; t=4.695, P<0.01), and the duration of grade Ⅳ myelosuppression was significantly shorter than that of the control group (7.20 ± 0.76 d vs. 10.03 ± 1.30 d; t=10.305, P<0.01); The quantity of granulocyte colony stimulating factor injection in the observation group was significantly less than that of the control group (7.2 ± 0.8 vs. 10.0 ± 1.3, t=10.305), and the quantity of red blood cell suspension (2.5 ± 1.5 U vs. 4.7 ± 1.5 U, t=7.749) and platelet transfusion (1.7 ± 0.5 U vs. 3.1 ± 0.9 U, t=5.879) were significantly less than that of the control group ( P<0.01); the quantitative score of symptoms and signs in the observation group were significantly lower than thoseof the control group ( t values were 18.208, 15.129, respectively, all Ps<0.01). The adverse reactions of the patients in the observation group after chemotherapy were significantly less than those of the control group, and the incidence of infection, bleeding and ECG abnormalities were statistically significant ( χ2 values were 7.500, 10.000, 4.286, respectively, all Ps<0.01). Conclusion:Yishen-Shengxue Decoction is helpful to delay the occurrence of myelosuppression, and promote its recovery, reduce various adverse reactions during myelosuppression, and improve the quality of life.

Objective To explore the efficacy of middle and high (mid-high) flow intracranial-external vascular bypass in treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms and selection of grafts. Methods The clinical data of 79 patients with complicated intracranial aneurysms treated by mid-high flow extracranial-intracranial bypass in our hospital from August 2010 to October 2017 were collected retrospectively. The grafts were radial artery (n=21), saphenous vein of the calf segment (n=29) or thigh saphenous vein segment (n=29). The efficacy was determined based on Glasgow outcome scale (GOS) scores at discharge and modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores at follow-up, and the differences of occlusion in different types of grafts were analyzed. Results CTA showed patency of the grafts in all patients one d after surgery. There were 6 patients having vascular occlusion: 2 patients (the grafts at saphenous vein of the calf segment ) were occluded 3 and 4 d after surgery, without symptom; 2 patients (the grafts at the radial artery), with decreased limb muscle strength, were occluded 5 and 25 d after procedure; 2 patients ( the grafts at the saphenous veins of the calf segment) were occluded 6 months after procedure without any symptom. There were 4 patients developed cerebral ischemia after operation: one had cerebral infarction and three had vasospasm. GOS scores at discharge and mRS scores at follow-up showed that 78 patients had improved symptoms and good prognosis; one patient showed no improvement in symptoms and plant survival. Conclusion Mid-high flow extracranial-intracranial bypass for treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms is effective; the graft should be individually selected based on preoperative assessment results.

Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is an important intracellular transcription factor, which regulates the expression of many genes including inflammation and apoptosis and is widely distributed in placenta. In this review, we introduced the relationship between placental NF-κB and pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, HELLP syndromne and premature rupture of membranes. The role of placental NF-κB in the development of the pregnancy complications and the progress of the treatment of related diseases through the NF-κB pathway was summarized. This review will lay the foundation for the further study of placental related diseases and provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of pregnancy complications.

A large spontaneous mass on the dorsal abdomen near the hip joint was found in an aged female Tupaia belangeri subsp. yaoshanensis after 5 years of routine feeding. The tumor in the diseased tree shrew was huge, with an intact surface and no ulceration; however, it caused inconvenience in movement while maintaining a good mental state. After inhalation anesthesia with isoflurane (2%-4%), the tree shrew was euthanized after the tree shrew entered deep anesthesia. Anatomical dissection of the tumor, the tumor boundary was unclear and infiltrated into surrounding tissues. HE staining showed that small focal pleomorphism and large areas of adipocytes were seen in the tumor tissue. The pleomorphic sarcoma area was mainly composed of atypical epithelioid cells with easily visible nuclear divisions. The size of the adipocytes was significantly different, and more pleomorphic adipocytes were seen. The cell volume was large, the nucleus was deeply stained and deformed, the edge was impressed, and the cytoplasm was seen with multiple vesicular lipid droplets. Immunohistochemical results showed that the tumor cells were positive for Vimentin, the small focal polymorphic adipocyte nucleus was positive for S-100, and Ki-67 exhibited a higher proportion of positivity. Combined with HE staining and immunohistochemical results, the spontaneous tumor in this tree shrew was comprehensively diagnosed as pleomorphic liposarcoma.

ObjectiveTo observe the primary tumor of tree shrews and to provide a basis for studying the pathogenesis and prevention of trichoepithelioma. MethodsA tumor was discovered in the chest and abdomen of a tree shrew during natural cultivation. The tree shrew was anesthetized, and the tumor was surgically removed. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed on the tumor tissue after paraffin section, and the tumor cells were isolated and cultured by passage. The isolated tumor cells were subcutaneously injected into healthy tree shrews and nude mice. The tumorigenesis of tumor cells in vivo was observed once a day, with nude mice continuously observed for 2 months and tree shrews observed for more than 6 months. ResultsHE staining showed that the basal cells in the dermis were arranged as a whole, like a string of petals, forming nests and stripe-like structures with clear boundaries. The observation results after magnification revealed that the tumor cells were arranged in a pallisade-like and basal pattern, with deep nuclear staining and minimal cytoplasmic. Immunohistochemical staining showed the high expression of CK protein and low proportion expression of ki-67 protein in tumor cells, as well as the high expression of vimentin and low expressions of Bcl2 and CD10 in tumor cell mesenchyme. The isolated tumor cells grew well in DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum and could be cultured by passage, but no tumor formation was observed in healthy tree shrews and nude mice inoculated with tumor cells. ConclusionCombined with the location of the tumor, overall morphology, HE staining, and immunohistochemical results, the thoracoabdominal mass of the tree shrew was diagnosed as a trichoepithelioma.

The High Five cell line (BTI-TN-5B1-4) isolated from the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni is an insect cell line widely used for baculovirus-mediated recombinant protein expression. Despite its widespread application in industry and academic laboratories, the genomic background of this cell line remains unclear. Here we sequenced the transcriptome of High Five cells and assembled 25,234 transcripts. Codon usage analysis showed that High Five cells have a robust codon usage capacity and therefore suit for expressing proteins of both eukaryotic- and prokaryotic-origin. Genes involved in glycosylation were profiled in our study, providing guidance for engineering glycosylated proteins in the insect cells. We also predicted signal peptides for transcripts with high expression abundance in both High Five and Sf21 cell lines, and these results have important implications for optimizing the expression level of some secretory and membrane proteins.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Baculoviridae ; genetics ; Codon ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Glycosylation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Sorting Signals ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Sf9 Cells ; Spodoptera ; genetics

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of Yishen Tongluo Formula in ameliorating renal pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy mice by regulating the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Methods: Sixty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into control (10 mice) and intervention groups (50 mice) using random number table method. The diabetes nephropathy model was established by intraperitoneally injecting streptozotocin(50 mg/kg). After modeling, the intervention group was further divided into model, semaglutide (40 μg/kg), and high-, medium-, and low-dose Yishen Tongluo Formula groups (15.6, 7.8, and 3.9 g/kg, respectively) using random number table method. The high-, medium-, and low-dose Yishen Tongluo Formula groups were administered corresponding doses of medication by gavage, the semaglutide group received a subcutaneous injection of semaglutide injection, and the control group and model groups were administered distilled water by gavage for 12 consecutive weeks. Random blood glucose levels of mice in each group were monitored, and the 24-h urinary protein content was measured using biochemical method every 4 weeks; after treatment, the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen levels were measured using biochemical method. The weight of the kidneys was measured, and the renal index was calculated. Hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff, periodic Schiff-methenamine, and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes in renal tissue. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) levels. Western blotting and real-time fluorescence PCR were used to detect the relative protein and mRNA expression levels of nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 (NLRP3), Caspase-1, gasdermin D (GSDMD), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in renal tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the proportion of protein staining area of the TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in renal tissue. Results: Compared with the control group, the random blood glucose, 24-h urinary protein, serum creatinine, urea nitrogen, and renal index of the model group increased, and the urine β2-MG, NGAL, and KIM-1 levels increased. The relative protein and mRNA expression levels of NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1β, and IL-18 in renal tissue increased, and the proportion of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB protein positive staining areas increased (P<0.05). Pathological changes such as glomerular hypertrophy were observed in the renal tissue of the model group. Compared with the model group, the Yishen Tongluo Formula high-dose group showed a decrease in random blood glucose after 12 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). The Yishen Tongluo Formula high- and medium-dose groups showed a decrease in 24-h urinary protein, creatinine, urea nitrogen, and renal index, as well as decreased β2-MG, NGAL, and KIM-1 levels. NLRP3, Caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-1 β, and IL-18 relative protein and mRNA expression levels were also reduced, and the proportion of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB protein positive staining areas was reduced (P<0.05). Pathological damage to renal tissue was ameliorated. Conclusion Yishen Tongluo Formula may exert protective renal effects by inhibiting renal pyroptosis and alleviating tubular interstitial injury in diabetic nephropathy mice by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.

Polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) has the characteristics of biocompatibility, biodegradability, modifiability, and slow release, which has attracted extensive attention in the treatment of gynecological diseases. This paper summarizes the relevant literature reports at home and abroad in recent years, expounds the research situation of PLGA nanoparticles as drug carriers in gynecological diseases such as ovarian cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer and endometriosis, and looks forward to its great potential in clinical application in gynecological diseases, providing guidance for its prevention and treatment in gynecological diseases.