Objective:To investigate the effects of carbon dioxide(CO2) pneumoperitoneum on the abdomino-metastatic tumor growth of ovarian carcinoma cell in nude mice and to primarily analyze its mechanism.Methods:The nude mice model of abdomino-metastatic tumor of ovarian carcinoma cell was established,and laparoscopic CO2 pneumoperitoneum environment was simulated.Tumor implantation and growth were observed and tumor tissue apoptosis was detected by TUNNEL method,to explore the effect of CO2 pneumoperitoneum on the abdomino-metastatic tumor growth of ovarian carcinoma cell in nude mice.The expressions of VEGF and MMP9 in cancer tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry and Western Blot to analyze the possible mechanism.Results:After the treatment of CO2 pneumoperitoneum,the tumor quality in abdominal cavity was higher than that of the control group,the expression difference of VEGF and MMP9 in tumor tissues was not significant and tumor cell apoptosis rates of each group do not differ significantly.Conclusions:Carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum can promote the growth of ovarian carcinoma cell SKOV3.

Objective To summarize the surgical techniques and results of b oth-column acetabular fracture through combination of ilioinguinal and Kocher-La ngenbeck approaches. Methods Between March 1990 and July 2001, 66 patients affec ted by both-column acetabular fractures were treated surgically through the comb ination of ilioinguinal and Kocher-Langenbeck approaches. There were 39 males an d 27 females with an average age of 37 years (range, 19 to 56 years). According to Letournel classification, all patients were diagnosed as the both-column frac tures of acetabulum. Of 66 patients, 14 were associated with dislocation or subd islocation of femoral head, 8 with dislocation of ipsilateral sacro-iliac joint, and 8 with intra-articular fragments. The interval from injury to operation was within 2 weeks in 24 and more than 2 weeks in 42. The surgical indications were as follows: 1) dislocation of both column fractures over 3 mm; 2) anterior colu mn fracture associated with severe posterior column comminuted fracture or poste rior wall fracture; 3)injury lasting more than 2 weeks; 4) injury associated wit h femoral head dislocation; 5) injury associated with intra-articular fracture f ragment. Postoperative reduction quality and long-term radiographic results were evaluated according to the Matta and the Epstein criterion separately; the d’A ubigne rating scale was used for the functional results. Results The average ope rative time was 4 hours, the average blood loss was 1 400 ml. Anatomic reduction were obtained in 57 cases (86%), satisfactory reduction in 6 (9%) and unsatisfa ctory in 3 (5%). The follow-up were from 2 to 13 years with an average of 6 year s. The clinical results were 89% excellent and good, 6% fair and 5% poor respect ively; the roentgenographic results were 82% excellent, 10% fair and 8% poor res pectively. 5 cases(8%) with Grade Ⅲ heterotopic ossification were found in Ko cher-Langenbeck approach, and no heterotopic ossification was in ilioinguinal ap proach. There was 1 deep infection (1.5%) in the ilioinguinal approach, and no i nfection in the Kocher-Langenbeck approach. Conclusion The results achieved thro ugh the combined approaches were significantly better than that of the both-colu mn acetabular fractures using the extended iliofemoral approach. The combined ap proach is an ideal method for the operation of the both-column acetabular fractu res with an excellent exposure, satisfactory reduction, shorter operating time, less blood loss, and lower operative complication rate.

As an effective method of studying soluble protein-protein interactions, yeast display system is now widely used for affinity maturation of single-chain antibodies.Due to the strong homology recombination machinery of yeast and the high-throughput nature of FACS detection, a rapid scan for interaction between antigen-antibody pairs could be easily achieved.Based on this system, a novel and reliable method for determining conformational epitopes was developed.Different fragments of macrophage migration inhibitory factor(MIF) and several point mutations of MIF were displayed on yeast cell surface using homologous recombination technology.Three MIF monoclonal antibodies, 10C3, 2A12 and 4E10, were screened for their binding affinity to each displayed peptide.Utilizing this technology, the key amino acids of MIF that bind to the MIF monoclonal antibodies were easily identified.

Tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-?) is a multi-functional cytokine that plays a significant role in many autoimmune diseases. The key biological functional domain of mouse TNF-? was determined by identifying the binding site of mouse TNF-? neutralizing antibody 9C6. Using yeast surface display technology, it was determined that 9C6 can recognize the linear amino acid fragment 29 ～40 of mature mouse TNF-? protein. Through mutagenesis experiments of this TNF-? region, the critical amino acids necessary for 9C6 binding were identified. Finally, wild-type mouse TNF-? and mutant variants that loses binding ability to 9C6 were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and used in a L929 cell killing assay. The assay results proved that the key amino acids for 9C6 binding were consistent with mouse TNF-? functional domain.

Objective To study the effects of carbon dioxide on the metastatic capability of ovarian carcinoma cell line. Methods After ovarian carcinoma cells SKOV_(3) were treated with 100% carbon dioxide for 2 h, the expressions of VEGF and MMP9 were examined by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Results After the treatment of carbon dioxide for 2 h, the expression of VEGF and MMP9 was significantly increased at 12~(th) h, the expression of VEGF reached the peak at 24~(th) h and the expression of MMP9 reached the peak at 48~(th) h. Conclusion Carbon dioxide may improve the metastatic capability of ovarian carcinoma cell line.

Objective To investigate the effects and mechanism of carbon dioxide (CO_ 2 ) pneumoperitoneum on the adhesive, migratory and invasive abilities of ovarian carcinoma cell line SKOV_ 3 . Methods SKOV_ 3 cells were exposed to an CO_ 2 insufflation medium. The cells′ adhesive ability to Matrigel was analyzed by MTT assayand, and their migratory and invasive abilities were analyzed through Boyden filters metastasis model. CD44 and bFGF expressions were examined by immunohistochemistry and semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Results Cells exposed to an in vitro pneumoperitoneum demonstrate could significantly increase adhesive, migratory and invasive abilities compared to the control group (P

Objective To describe the surgical technique for treatment of old traumatic posterior acetabular defects. Methods From March 1990 to March 1998, 6 patients were treated with a full thickness iliac crest autograft to reconstruct their posterior acetabular defects. There were 4 males and 2 females, the average age of the patients was 32 years. The acetabular defects were caused by traffic accident and delayed in treatment for 3 to 11 months. Results The duration of follow up was 2－ 10 years， the function of the hip joints were good in all of the patients, according to the criterion of d Aubigne six points. X－ ray film revealed that although the femoral head was not in exact congruence with reconstructed acetabulum, yet there was no dislocation. Slight degeneration was found in 3 cases. Conclusion Although this procedure did not exactly reproduce the anatomy of the hip joint, it restored the posterior stability, provided bone stock for the hip joints and prevented dislocation of the femoral head. So this procedure is useful for late total hip arthroplasty.

Objective To review the clinical results of cemented and uncemented revision total hip arthroplasty(RTHA). Methods The diagnoses included aseptic loosening of the femoral components in 23 cases, fractures around the tip of loosened femoral components in 3 cases. Of 26 cases, 10 cases(10 hips)underwent RTHA by the use of the second generation cementing techniques, 16 cases(16 hips)underwent uncemented RTHA with a long stem porous coated femoral component assisted with autografting. Results At an average of 6 years of follow- up for cemented RTHA, clinical results were evaluated as excellent or good in 5 hips(50％ ),fair in 3 hips(30％ ) and poor in 2 hips(20％ ), re- revision in 1 hip(10％ ). X－ ray film revealed definite loosening in 2 hips, probable loosening 1 hip, possible loosening 5 hips, and no loosening 2 hips. At an average of 5 years follow- up for uncemented RTHA,clinical results were evaluated as excellent in 9 cases(56％ ),good in 6 cases(38％ ), fair in 1 case (6％ ),no case need rerevision. X－ ray film revealed osseous fixation of the femoral components in 12 cases (75％ ), fibrous stability in 4 cases (25％ ). The apparent reconstitution of femoral bone structure present in the area of previous osteolysis or cortical thinning. Conclusion Clinical results of the uncemented RTHA are significantly superior to that of cemented RTHA. Reconstructing any structural bone loss with cancellous autograft and getting adequate mechanical fixation with a long stem porous- coated prosthesis may contribute to the good results of uncemented RTHA.

Objective To summarize the surgical techniques and results of displaced complex ac-etabular fractures.Methods Ninety-eight cases of complex type o f acetabular fracture with dislocation were treated with open reduction and inte rnal fixation from March 1990to Sept ember 1999.Of the 98cases,fractures of the posterior column an d wall was seen in 9cases,T -shaped in28cases,transverse and posterior wall in 22cases,anterior and hemi-transverse in 2cases,both column in 37cases.Kocher -Langenbeck approach was adopted in 28cases,ilio-inguinal approach in 21cases,extended iliofemoral approach in 16cases,and double approachs(K -L +ilio-inguinal)in 33cases.Results Sixty-two cases(63.3%)had anatomic reduction,32cases(32.7%)satisfactory reduction,4cases(4.1%)unsatisfactory reduction.The rates of anatomic reduction in the early 4.5years and the latest 4.5years of this study were 50.0%and72.4%respectively.Seventy-eight cases were followed up from 2to 10yea rs,excellent and good rate for clinical results in anatomic and non-anatomic reduction group were 83.9%and 36.4%respectively,the difference was very significant (P

ObjectiveTo investigate the applicability and superiority of modified Seldinger technique (MST).MethodsTotally 108 patients receiving peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) through vascular ultrasound combined with MST technology were enrolled as MST group and another 108 patients receiving PICC using traditional direct vision method as control group.The first puncture success rate,PICC succesa rate,catheterization time required,and early complication rate were compared between these two groups.ResultsThe first puncture success rate was 88.89％ in MST group and 72.22％ in control group (P=0.002) ; the catheterization success rate was 82.41％ in MST group and 57.41％ in control group ( P =0.000).In the MST group,there were two cases where the catheter within neck was ectopic ( P =0.003 ),two cases experienced bleeding at the puncture sites (P =0.017),three cases had phlebitis (P =0.001 ),and one case suffered from catheter blockage (P=0.010).In the eontrol group,the corresponding numbers were 13,10,18,and 9.However,the time required for PICC showed no significant difference between these two groups (P=0.685).In the MST group,15 cases were catheterized in less than 15 minutes,72 cases between 15 and 25 minutes,and 21 cases for more than 25 minutes.In the control group,12 cases were catheterized in less than 15 minutes,70 cases between 15 and 25 minutes,and 26 cases for more than 25 minutes.ConclusionPICC through MST can be more effective in positioning the targeting blood vessels,increasing the success rate of catheter insertion,reducing various tissue damages,and lowering potential complications.