Objective To investigate effective methodology for preventing infectious diseases from spreading within general hospitals at all levels. Methods Six hospitals at three levels in the city were made into two groups and investigated for their treatment of infectious diseases. The group of A1, A2 and A3 hospitals employs the five pre-triage, while the group of B2, B2 and B3 employs the routine pretriage. Results Comparison of undetected infectious cases between group A1, A2, A3 and group B1,B2,B3 identified significant difference with x2 testing, P＜0. 005. Conclusion Five pre-triage method can screen, identify and pinpoint confirmed or suspected infectious disease patients from all outpatients in the first time, thus preventing and controlling the nosocornial transmission of epidemic or even an outbreak of nosocomial infection effectively.

To study the resistant mechanism and clinical significance of pseudomonas aeruginosa to beta-lactam antibiotics, the outer membrane permeability rate of 30 P. aeruginosa strains to 5 beta-lactam antibiotics was measured and their production of beta-lactamase and the beta-lactamase genes they carried detected. Furthermore, the relationship between the permeability, beta-lactamase and the clinical effects of beta-lactam antibiotics was observed. By using 14C-penicillin and liquid-scintillant isotope assay, the affinity of penicillin binding proteins (PBPS) was measured and their roles in the resistant mechanism studied. It was revealed that the permeability rate was higher in sensitive strains than in resistant ones (P < 0.05). All strains harbored 1-4 beta-lactamase genes and produced beta-lactamase. Higher permeability rate and higher degree of stability to beta-lactamase indicated better clinical therapeutic effects. The affinity of PBPs changed little without regard to the permeability and beta-lactamase. These results suggested that the permeability of outer membrane and beta-lactamase, but not PBPs, played important roles in the resistant mechanism of P. aeruginosa to beta-lactam antibiotics and affected the clinical therapeutic effectiveness of some patients.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/*pharmacology ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins/metabolism ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Permeability ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa/*drug effects ; beta-Lactam Resistance/*genetics ; beta-Lactamases/metabolism ; beta-Lactams/*pharmacology

Objective To investigate the cognitive ability and mental health status of the empty-nest elderly people lived in urban area of Beijing.Methods We recruited subjects from 8 communities in Beijing.1067 people were investigated,including 839 empty-nest elderly subjects and 228 not empty-nest elderly subjects.We used demography questionnaire and mental health scale to assess the cognitive ability and mental health of these elders.Results The subjects in the empty-nest elderly having high education,well-condition marriage and being male were more than those in the other group (T or x2=10.769,2.009,159.523,P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the global cognition between the two groups (F=5.541,P＞0.05).Among language ability,working memory,attention and executive function,the differences between these two groups were significant (F=7.203,4.436,8.806,P＜0.05).Compared with normal elderly subjects,empty-nest elderly subjects had higher scores in face scale and GDS scale (F=5.541,5.578,P＜0.05).Conclusion There are remarkable cognitive ability and mental health differences between empty-nest and not empty-nest elders.

Studies have suggested that human cytomegalovirus-activated infection is closely associated with atherosclerosis. The levels of interleukin-8 increase significantly in human cyto-megalovirus infection-related atherosclerosis, inducing and aggravating inflammatory reaction through the chemokine receptors, and thus plays an important role in the process of atherosclerosis.

AIM AND METHODS: To explore the effects calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and endothelin-1(ET-1) on the mechanisms of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH),the contents of CGRP and ET-1 in plasma of pulmonary artery and thoracic aorta and in extractives of lung and ventricular tissues of the chronic hypoxic rats were determined by radioimmunoassay. The changes of their hemodynamic indices and right heart hypertrophy index were monitored simultaneously. RESULTS: The level of pulmonary artery plasma CGRP was significantly higher than that of thoracic aorta plasma,but just the reverse was ET-1 or the ratio of ET-1 and CGRP in control rats( P

Objective To evaluate the effect of therapeutic communication on negative emotion and quality of life of stoke patients. Methods A total of 120 stroke patients were divided into the control group and the observation group equally. The former received routine nursing and the latter routine nursing plus therapeutic communication. After 4 weeks, they were evaluated by self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), self-rating depressive scale (SDS), trait coping style questionnaire (TCSQ) and the short-form health survey-36 (SF-36). Results After the intervention, the scores on anxiety, depression and negative coping in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (P<0.01), while the scores on positive coping and quality of life were higher in the observation group than those in control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Therapeutic communication can effectively improve stroke patients′negative emotion and quality of life.

Objective Objective To investigate the relationship between choroidopathy and integrated backscatter(IBS) of choroid in diabetes mellitus(DM) patients.Methods Eighty DM patients of 158 eyes were divided into 3 groups by the course of diabetic retinopathy(DR)-DM patients without DR group,DM patients with the background DR,DM patients with the proliferative DR.80 normal persons of 160 eyes were the control group.Their IBS values were measured on nose side,temple side and middle side of choroid by HP Sonos 5500,and the correction IBS values(IBS％) were calculated.Results With the deterioration of DR,the IBS and IBS％ of choroid increased.The statistical significance difference were found in various groups(P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions With the deterioration of diabetic choroidopathy,the IBS and IBS％ increased.The IBS technique is useful method to assess the diabetic choroidopathy.

Objective To investigate the relationship between various stages of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and lipid metabolism and its influencing factors.Methods Seventy-two cases of chronic hepatitis B (CHB),40 cases of liver cirrhosis and 17 cases of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were enrolled.One-way ANOVA analyses were used to compare age,gender,liver function,lipid metabolism,and HBV DNA levels of each group.Pearson correlation analysis was used to study the correlation between HBV DNA and lipid metabolism.Binary Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the risk factors of cirrhosis and HCC in patients with CHB.Results Differences of age,alanine aminotransferase (ALT),albumin (Alb),triglyceride (TG),and cholesterol(CHO) among the three groups (CHB group,cirrhosis group and HCC group) were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).TG levels in cirrhosis and HCC groups were (-0.061± 0.234)lg mmol/L and (-0.061±0.253) lg mmol/L,respectively,which were both significantly lower than that of the CHB group (0.116±0.182) lg mmol/L (F=11.466,P=0.000).CHO level in cirrhosis group was (0.460±0.333) lg mmol/L,which was lower than that in CHB group (0.586±0.101) lg mmol/L (F=4.892,P=0.009).The HBV DNA levels inversely correlated with TG and CHO levels in CHB group (r=-0.266,P=0.024; r=-0.309,P=0.008,respectively).The HBV DNA levels of cirrhosis and HCC patients positively correlated with ALT levels (r=0.355,P =0.007).Old age (OR=1.096,95％CI:1.025-1.172),low Alb (OR=0.000,95％CI:0.000-0.000),and low levels of ALT (OR=0.128,95％CI:0.026-0.641) were risk factors for development of cirrhosis and HCC in CHB patients (all P＜0.05).Conclusions With the progression of liver injuries,TG and CHO levels are reduced.Further studies of correlation between risk factors for the development of cirrhosis and HCC and lipid metabolism in CHB patients are needed.

Objective: To investigate the trends in incidence of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City from 2015 to 2020, so as to provide the evidence for improving the control strategy for malignant tumors. Methods: Data on incidence of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District from 2015 to 2020 were collected through Hangzhou Municipal Chronic Disease Monitoring Management System. The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years, and truncated age-standardized incidence for 35 to 64 years of malignant tumors were calculated, and the trends in incidence of malignant tumors were analyzed using average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years, and truncated age-standardized incidence for 35 to 64 years of malignant tumors were 476.95/105, 333.30/105, 257.01/105, 28.30% and 425.79/105 in Xiaoshan District from 2015 to 2020, which all appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=4.36%, 3.82%, 3.99%, 3.79% and 5.20%, all P<0.05). The crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years, and truncated age-standardized incidence for 35 to 64 years of malignant tumors were 491.47/105, 313.31/105, 251.51/105, 28.78% and 338.82/105 among men, and both the crude incidence and truncated age-standardized incidence for 35 to 64 years appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=3.00% and 1.73%, both P<0.05), while the crude incidence, Chinese population-standardized incidence, world population-standardized incidence, cumulative incidence for 0 to 74 years, and truncated age-standardized incidence for 35 to 64 years of malignant tumors were 462.98/105, 348.46/105, 262.13/105, 27.74% and 504.91/105 among women, which all appeared a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=5.77%, 5.72%, 5.79%, 5.65% and 7.48%, all P<0.05). The incidence of malignant tumors appeared a tendency towards a rise with age, and the crude incidence of malignant tumors showed a tendency towards a rise among people at ages of 15 to 44 years and 45 to 64 years (AAPC=9.85% and 4.88%, both P<0.05). Lung cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer were the five most common cancers, accounting for 59.63% of all malignant tumors, and the incidence of lung cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer all showed a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=5.90%, 13.01%, 4.60% and 4.47%, all P<0.05). Conclusions The incidence of malignant tumors showed a tendency towards a rise in Xiaoshan District from 2015 to 2020. The rise in the incidence of malignant tumor was higher in females than in males, and malignant tumors tended to develop at a young age. Lung cancer, thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and gastric cancer are major malignancies that threaten human health in Xiaoshan District.

Objective: To investigate the trend in mortality of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou City from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of the malignant tumor control strategy. Methods: Data on mortality of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022 were collected through Hangzhou Municipal Chronic Disease Monitoring Management System, and the cause of death composition ratio and crude mortality were calculated. The mortality of malignant tumors was standardized by the population of the sixth National Population Census in China in 2010. The trend in mortality of malignant tumors were evaluated with average annual percent change (AAPC). Results: There were 13 301 malignant tumor deaths reported in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022, accounting for 31.26% of the total cause of death and ranking the first among the causes of death. The crude mortality was 186.36/105 and standardized mortality was 106.63/105. There was no significant trend in the crude mortality of malignant tumors in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022 (P>0.05), while the standardized mortality showed a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-1.409%, P<0.05). The crude and standardized mortality of malignant tumors were higher in men than in women (241.40/105 vs. 133.37/105; 132.66/105 vs. 79.35/105; both P<0.05). There was no obvious trend in the crude mortality of malignant tumors in men (P>0.05), and the standardized mortality showed a tendency towards a decline (AAPC=-3.017%, P<0.05). While there was no obvious trend in the crude and standardized mortality of malignant tumors in women (P>0.05). The crude mortality of malignant tumors showed a tendency towards a decline among residents at ages of 15 to 44 years and 65 years and older (AAPC=-3.933% and -2.413%, both P<0.05). The crude mortality of malignant tumors was higher in men than in women among residents at ages of 0 to 14 years, 45 to 64 years and 65 years and older (all P<0.05). The five most common causes of death included lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer, accounting for 66.96% of all malignant tumors. The crude mortality of colorectal cancer from 2017 to 2022 showed a tendency towards a rise (AAPC=2.815%, P<0.05). Conclusions The standardized mortality of malignant tumors showed a tendency towards a decline in Xiaoshan District from 2017 to 2022. Management of malignant tumors should be given a high priority among men at ages of 45 years and older, and lung cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer, gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer were leading causes of death.