The cover letters from 123 affiliated medical institutes in 57 Universities were selected.The departments giving cover letters or signing and the contents of academic standard in the cover letters were summarized and analyzed. It found that the departments were not unified and the contents of the academic standard were little. The same standard was deficient about violation of the academic standard in manuscripts. In this paper it was proposed that the Universities should make standard for the cover letters from their affiliated medical institutes. It could decrease the violation of the academic standard.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of CDK4 and p16 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) tissues. METHOD: The expressions of CDK4 and p16 in 30 cases of LSCC tissues and 20 cases of edge tissues were detected by immunohistochemical technology SP method, and discuss their correlation with clincial pathology and clinical stage of LSCC. RESULT: The positive rates of CDK4 and p16 were 63. 3 %,46. 7% in LSCC tissues, and the positive rates were 25%, 90% in edge tissues. The expression of CDK4 in LSCC tissues was significantly higher than that in edge tissues(P<0. 05), which was not associated with the clincial pathology and clinical stage(P> 0. 05); The expression of p16 in LSCC tissues was significantly lower than that in edge tissues(P<0. 05), it was associated with the clincial pathology (P<0. 05), but not associated with clinical stage(P>0. 05) ;there is a negative correlation between CDK4 and p16 (r= -0. 786, P<0. 05). CONCLUSION Low expression of p16 and high expression of CDK4 may play an important role in the development of LSCC and the low expression of p16 in LSCC tissue could be used as important reference markers of malignant degree of tumour.
Biomarkers, Tumor ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; biosynthesis ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16 ; biosynthesis ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; Prognosis ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

Objective To analyze the effect of different areas of paries medialis defect of femoral trochanter on the stability of fracture ends after percutaneous compression plating for femoral intertrochanteric fracture.Methods Thirteen preserved cadaveric specimens of adult femur were used in this experiment.The age of death ranged from 30 to 50 years.Oblique osteotomy was conducted under the same condition using a wire saw to create experimental models of fracture of Evans-Jensen type Ⅳ.The ratios of the area of paries medialis defect to the projected area of lesser trochanter in the specimens 1 to 13 were set respectively as 0,10.0％,14.5％,20.2％,23.4％,30.6％,45.8％,56.8％,76.8％,88.7％,99.8％,121.3％ and 149.4％.All the fractures were fixated by standard percutaneous compression plating.Cyclic load was applied on each specimen using Instron 2000 universal material tester.A vertical load of 600 N was applied for respectively 1,10,100 and 1,000 times to measure the displacements of proximal and distal fracture ends.Results When the ratio of the area of paries medialis defect to the projected area of lesser trochanter was 30.6％,the average displacements of the proximal and distal ends were 0.14 cm and 0.10 cm.When the ratio was 45.8％,the average displacement of the proximal end was 0.53 cm,278.6％ greater than that for 30.6％;the average displacement of the distal end was 0.41 cm,310.0％ greater than that for 30.6％.When the ratio was 149.4％,the average displacement of the proximal end was 0.93 cm,564.3％ greater than that for 30.6％;the average displacement of the distal end was 0.65 cm,550.0％ greater than that for 30.6％.Conclusions When the ratio of the area of paries medialis defect to the projected area of lesser trochanter reaches ＞ 45.8％,the area of paries medialis defect will have a significant effect on the stability of fracture ends after percutaneous compression plating for femoral intertrochanteric fracture.The displacement will increase linearly under the same compression with the increase in defect area.

A novel lactone, tripterospermumcins E (1), along with four known compounds, sweroside (2), loganic acid (3), 8-epi-kingiside (4) and bergenin (5), were isolated from the aerial parts of Tripterospermum chinense. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, and chemical methods. Compound 1 is rare beta-lactone with a glucoside.

To explore the relationship between brachial ankle artery pulse wave velocity of the (baPWV) in different estimation GFR (eGFR) groups and atherosclerosis.In 2010,2012 and 2014,eGFR and baPWV were detected in 1 427 healthy persons.As eGFR level decreased,baPWV increased accordingly with higher proportion of baPWV ≥1 400 cm/s.The percentage of eGFR lower than 60 ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2 was similar in subgroups with different baPWV.However,the proportion of eGFR reduction ≥ 30％ decreased according to the elevation of baPWV.Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated the lower the eGFR,the higher the risk of atherosclerosis.Low eGFR is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis.

Objective:To prepare the multilayer alginate chitosan microspheres loading vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vancomycin (VAN), and to study in vitro release characteristics.Methods:The microspheres were prepared by emulsion cross-linking and self-assembly techniques.The effects of sodium alginate concentration, calcium chloride concentration, oil/water ratio and span80 concentration on the entrapment efficiency(EE) and drug loading(DL) of VEGF and VAN were investigated by orthogonal experimental design to optimize the preparation process.The surface morphology and particle size of microspheres were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).Self-assembly was detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR).The EE, DL and in vitro release of VEGF and VAN were detected by ELISA double antibody sandwich method and ultraviolet spectrophotometry,and the cumulative release curve was drawn.Results:The prepared microspheres were yellowish brown powder.The SEM results showed that the microspheres were spherical, the surface was smoothy, and the dispersity was better.The average particle size was about 50 μm.Sodium alginate concentration of 1.0 g·mL-1, CaCl2 concentration of 8 g·mL-1, oil to water ratio of 3∶1, and span80 concentration of 2% were the best formula.The EE of VEGF and VAN were 49.63% and 16.67%, respectively.In vitro, the cumulative release last 16.5 d and 12.5 d respectively and the amount reached up to 95%.Conclusion:The multilayer alginate chitosan microspheres loading VEGF and VAN present several advantages, such as smaller particle size, higher EE and better controlled release.

Objective: To investigate the impact of blood pressure and age on arterial stiffness in general population. Methods: Participants who took part in 2010, 2012 and 2014 Kailuan health examination were included. Data of brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) examination were analyzed. According to the WHO criteria of age, participants were divided into 3 age groups: 18-44 years group (n=11 608), 45-59 years group (n=12 757), above 60 years group (n=5 002). Participants were further divided into hypertension group and non-hypertension group according to the diagnostic criteria for hypertension (2010 Chinese guidelines for the managemengt of hypertension). Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the association between systolic blood pressure (SBP) with baPWV in the total participants and then stratified by age groups. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influence of blood pressure on arterial stiffness (baPWV≥1 400 cm/s) of various groups. Results: (1)The baseline characteristics of all participants: 35 350 participants completed 2010, 2012 and 2014 Kailuan examinations and took part in baPWV examination. 2 237 participants without blood pressure measurement values were excluded, 1 569 participants with history of peripheral artery disease were excluded, we also excluded 1 016 participants with history of cardiac-cerebral vascular disease. Data from 29 367 participants were analyzed. The age was (48.0±12.4) years old, 21 305 were males (72.5%). (2) Distribution of baPWV in various age groups: baPWV increased with aging. In non-hypertension population, baPWV in 18-44 years group, 45-59 years group, above 60 years group were as follows: 1 299.3, 1 428.7 and 1 704.6 cm/s, respectively. For hypertension participants, the respective values of baPWV were: 1 498.4, 1 640.7 and 1 921.4 cm/s. BaPWV was significantly higher in hypertension group than non-hypertension group of respective age groups (P<0.05). (3) Multiple linear regression analysis defined risk factors of baPWV: Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that baPWV was positively correlated with SBP(t=39.30, P<0.001), and same results were found in the sub-age groups (t-value was 37.72, 27.30, 9.15, all P<0.001, respectively) after adjustment for other confounding factors, including age, sex, pulse pressure(PP), body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), smoking, drinking, physical exercise, antihypertensive medications, lipid-lowering medication. (4) Multivariate logistic regression analysis of baPWV-related factors: After adjustment for other confounding factors, including age, sex, PP, BMI, FBG, TC, smoking, drinking, physical exercise, antihypertensive medication, lipid-lowering medication, multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that risks for increased arterial stiffness in hypertension group were higher than those in non-hypertension group, the OR in participants with hypertension was 2.54 (2.35-2.74) in the total participants, and same results were also found in sub-age groups, the ORs were 3.22(2.86-3.63), 2.48(2.23-2.76), and 1.91(1.42-2.56), respectively, in each sub-age group. Conclusion SBP is positively related to arterial stiffness in different age groups, and hypertension is a risk factor for increased arterial stiffness in different age groups. Clinical Trial Registry Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-TNC-11001489.

Objective:To explore the advantage of thyroid biopsy and evaluate detection in the application of thyroid cancer cervical lymph node dissection operation guidance, and provide evidence-based basis for guiding PTC patients whether to receive lateral dissection.Methods:The data of 258 patients with thyroid papillary carcinoma admitted to Department of Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical College from April 2018 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were admitted to the hospital for ultrasonic examination of cervical lymph nodes. According to the examination results, thyroid biopsy and puncture eluent were performed for patients with suspicious signs of metastasis. Patients with positive test results and with metastatic signs in initial ultrasonic examination received lymph node dissection in the cervical region. All patients underwent pathological examination postoperatively to diagnose the lymph node metastasis, and to evaluate the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the detection of the patients with lateral clearance.The measurement data was expressed as mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD), and the count data was expressed as n(%). The software of SPSS21.0 was used to conduct statistical analysis. Results:All 258 patients were successfully completed the diagnosis of various diagnostic methods. Combined with the postoperative pathological diagnosis results, the accuracy rate of ultrasonic diagnosis of lymph node metastasis was 74.42%, the accuracy rate of FNAC diagnosis was 82.95%, the accuracy rate of FNAC-Tg diagnosis was 87.98%, and the accuracy rate of FNAC-Tg diagnosis was 94.96%. The diagnostic sensitivity of ultrasound, FNAC, FNAC-Tg and FNAC-Tg was 73.60%, 81.72%, 91.01% and 95.83%, respectively, and the diagnostic specificity was 76.25%, 86.11%, 79.71% and 88.41%, respectively. In every four months for a time span since April 2018, the average length of hospital stay for patients with each span was (9.17±1.30), (8.39±1.21), (7.94±1.03), (7.46±0.94), (7.33±0.82) d, their neck area incidence of lymph node metastasis were 17.6%, 21.3%, 15.7%, 12.9%, 11.8%, side clear surgical patients accounted for 42.3%, 37.5%, 30.9%, 26.6%, 19.4%. The incidence of lymph node metastasis was 86.8%, 79.4%, 84.5%, 93.2% and 98.1%, respectively.Conclusion:FNAC-Tg method is used in the diagnosis of thyroid papillary carcinoma patients with high sensitivity and specificity of lymph node metastasis, which has certain value in guiding patients whether to perform lymph node dissection.

OBJECTIVETo accumulate taxonomic data of the leaf epidermal features of the medicinal species of Euonymus.

METHODTwenty-nine materials of 21 taxa (including 16 species, 4 varieties and 1 form) representing 5 sections of Euonymus are examined by using both of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

RESULTThe form of epidermal cells in Euonymus is usually polygonal or irregular. The stomata were anomocytic in all the species examined except E. maackii and E. bungeanus var. semipersistens. Stomatal types of all species studied may be anomocytic, anisocytic, cycolocytic or the transitional types among them.

CONCLUSIONThe results show that some characteristics (including cuticular membrane, shape of guard cells, inner margin of outer stomatal rim, outer stomatal rim and stomata type) of the leaf epidermis can provide some anatomical evidence for the classification. The characteristics of leaf epidermis support following treatments: E. acanthocarpus var. longipes, E. acanthocarpus var. scandens and E. acanthocarpus var. sutchuanensis should be merged into E. acanthocarpus; E. bungeanus var. semipersistens should be merged into E. maackii; E. hamiltonianus f. lanceifolius should be merged into E. hamiltonianus.

China ; Euonymus ; chemistry ; classification ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Plant Epidermis ; chemistry ; classification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; classification ; Plant Stomata ; chemistry ; classification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification

Objective To study the effect of clove oil on bacterial biofilm of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Methods The components of clove oil were determined by GC-MS mass spectrometry. The suspension of streptococcus mutans was prepared to carry out the germicidal test, and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of clove oil. The effects of different concentrations of clove oil on the formation of biofilm were observed by laser confocal microscopy, and the average fluorescence intensity of live bacteria and dead bacteria in biofilm was recorded. Results Determination of clove oil 8 components were analyzed by GC-MS mass spectrometry method, most of the Eugenol content was 48.93%, followed by the Caryophyllene 20.78%, Methylis salicylas 14.96%. Through MIC, MBC and the experimental results showed that clove oil had antibacterial activity of Proteus, and with the increase of clove oil concentration, the inhibitory effect was better. When it reached a certain concentration, it can showed bactericidal effect that the MIC and MBC were 0.3125%, 0.6250%. The clove oil also had inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutans biofilm with the concentration depedence. When the concentration of clove oil was 2.5000%, the average fluorescence intensity (live/dead bacteria) was 0.082 ± 0.007, the proportion of living bacteria decreased obviously, and biofilm disappeared. Conclusions The clove oil not only has inhibitory effect on Streptococcus mutants, but also can inhibit and clear the biofilm formation of Streptococcus.