Objective To establish a multiple regression equation of long delayed recall of the amnestic mild cognitive impairment,in order to predict the scores.Methods 248 old people were investigated by convenience sampling.Auditory verbal learning test (AVLT) was used to evaluate the ability of memory of the old people,and their general demographic data were collected.Multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted,the regression model was established and AVLT-long delayed recall scores (N5) to the predicted value got from the 3 times scores of study stage scores (N1,N2,N3) and short delayed recall (N4) of Auditory Verbal Learning Test were compared.Results The multiple linear regression equation between the variables was established.There was no significant difference between N5 and the predicted value.Conclusions N2,N3,N4 could be used to predict N5 during screening of amnestic mild cognitive impairment to make the screening process faster and briefer.When the score ≤4 points,the screening continues,if the score ＞5 points,the screening ceases in order to improve the efficiency of screening.

To study the lead excretion effect of the chelator Zn-DTPA on the lead intoxication mice, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to detect the lead content of biological samples. The acute lead intoxication mice model was established by injecting lead acetate intraperitoneally with the dose of 1 mg. Zn-DTPA was administered intraperitoneally to mice once daily for five consecutive days 4 h after intoxication. Control group, model group, combination of Zn-DTPA and Ca-DTPA group were evaluated at the same time. The urine was collected every day. The mice were sacrificed in batches in the 2rd, 4th, 6th day. Biological samples including urine, whole blood, femur and brain were prepared and nitrated. Lead concentration was detected by ICP-MS. The result showed that Zn-DTPA could increase lead content in urine markedly and reduce lead content in blood, femur and brain.

OBJECTIVETo accumulate taxonomic data of the leaf epidermal features of the medicinal species of Euonymus.

METHODTwenty-nine materials of 21 taxa (including 16 species, 4 varieties and 1 form) representing 5 sections of Euonymus are examined by using both of light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

RESULTThe form of epidermal cells in Euonymus is usually polygonal or irregular. The stomata were anomocytic in all the species examined except E. maackii and E. bungeanus var. semipersistens. Stomatal types of all species studied may be anomocytic, anisocytic, cycolocytic or the transitional types among them.

CONCLUSIONThe results show that some characteristics (including cuticular membrane, shape of guard cells, inner margin of outer stomatal rim, outer stomatal rim and stomata type) of the leaf epidermis can provide some anatomical evidence for the classification. The characteristics of leaf epidermis support following treatments: E. acanthocarpus var. longipes, E. acanthocarpus var. scandens and E. acanthocarpus var. sutchuanensis should be merged into E. acanthocarpus; E. bungeanus var. semipersistens should be merged into E. maackii; E. hamiltonianus f. lanceifolius should be merged into E. hamiltonianus.

China ; Euonymus ; chemistry ; classification ; Microscopy ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Plant Epidermis ; chemistry ; classification ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; classification ; Plant Stomata ; chemistry ; classification ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification

OBJECTIVETo discuss the genetic diversity of Coptis omeiensis.

METHODThe genetic diversity of 110 individuals from 10 populations was analyzed by RAPD.

RESULT14 primers were selected to produce highly reproducible RAPD bands. Among 132 amplified bands, 98 showed polymorphism, the percentage of polymorphic bands reached to 74.24%. Nei's gene diversity index (H) was 0.2863, Shannon's information index (I) was 0.3624, G(st) was 0.2305. The genetic distance coefficient and the similarity were 0.1931-0.5245 and 0.5016-0.8843, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThere exists a held high genetic diversity in C. omeiensis and the majority of genetic variation occurs in the populations. By cluster analysis, the geographical distribution is very obvious. The RAPD marker can be used for the analysis of the genetic diversity and genetic variation of C. omeiensis.

China ; Coptis ; classification ; genetics ; Genetic Variation ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique

Objective:To systematically review the profile of lymph node dissection (LND) for patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) in China.Methods:Using the key words "intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma" "intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma" "lymph node dissection" "lymphadenec-tomy" "lymph node metastasis", the databases including China Zhiwang, Wanfang, Weipu, Sinomed, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library were systematically searched. Cohort studies or randomized controlled clinical trials with intraoperative LND documentation and with analysis on the clinicopathologic characteristics or prognostic influences on patients with ICC were included into this meta-analysis from the date of database creation to April 20, 2022. The risk of bias in non-randomized controlled trials was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. A meta-analysis of preoperative imaging lymph node enlargement rates, LND rates, and pathological lymph node metastasis rates were performed using R software.Results:Thirty-three relevant studies that met the systematic evaluation criteria were included, all of which were retrospective cohort studies. All these publications were of medium to high quality. Patients’ enrollment ranged from 1993 to 2020. Patients were enrolled from 20 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities with a total of 39 medical centers and 4 278 patients. The meta-analysis indicated that the LND rate, preoperative imaging lymph node enlargement rate, pathological lymph node metastasis rate were 47.8%(95% CI: 41.3%-54.3%), 18.5%(95% CI: 7.5%-29.6%) and 51.2%(95% CI: 43.8%-58.6%), respectively. Subgroup analysis showed the LND rate was 36.0%(95% CI: 27.0%-45.0%) in studies with a median year of enrollment before 2010, 48.3% (95% CI: 38.1%-58.6%) in studies from 2010 to 2017, and 53.3%(95% CI: 43.3%-63.2%) in studies after 2017. The LND rates were statistically different in the studies in the different periods of patient enrollment ( P=0.032). Conclusion:The meta-analysis indicated that the overall LND rate for ICC in China was not high but showed an increasing tendency.