MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that contain 22 to 25 nucleotides and play important roles in post-transcriptional regulation of target genes. MiRNAs are involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, and cancer development. Alveolar bone resorption is the main clinical manifestation of periodontitis. Osteoclasts are unique cells regulated by osteoblasts and inflammatory cytokines and are responsible for bone resorption in periodontitis. Recently, miRNAs have emerged as an important regulator of osteoclast differentiation and function. In this study, we review the recent research progress on the effects of miRNAs on osteoclast differentiation and function, particularly the mechanisms of miRNAs-mediated osteoclast formation and bone loss in periodontitis.
Bone Resorption ; Bone and Bones ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; Osteoblasts ; Osteoclasts

Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the correlation between the level of serum vitamin D and bone metabolism and disease activity in ankylosing spondylitis(AS) patients,and thus to explore the role of vitamin D in bone metabolism in AS patients.Methods The serum levels of BALP,TRACP-5b,25-(OH)D3 and blood lymphocytes VDR of 80 AS patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and compared with those of the control group.Bone mineral density (BMD)was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA).The ESR and CRP level of AS patients were also measured.The correlation between those parameters was analyzed and evaluated.Patients were divided into normal,insufficient and deficient subgroups according to the serum 25-(OH)D3 levels for further comparison.Indepondent saimple t test,t'test andx2 test were used for statistical analysis.Results The 25-(OH)D3 of AS patients [(11.9±2.7) μg/L] was significantly lower than that of the control groups [(22.3±7.9) μg/L] (P＜0.05),while the serum levels of BALP [(3.9±2.7) μg/L] and TRACP-5b [(46±25) ng/L] of AS patients were significantly higher than those of the control group [(2.4±1.0) μg/L] (P＜0.05).According to linear correlation analysis,25-(OH)D3 was negatively correlated with CRP (r=0.324,P=0.003).The ESR,BALP,TRACP-5b in the deficient subgroup were higher than those in the normal and insufficient subgroups(P＜0.05).Conclusion The plasma 25-(OH)D3 may decrease in AS patients,and this may activate bone metabolism,results in increased morbidity of osteoporo-sis,and negatively affect disease activity.

Objective To investigate the incidence of osteoporosis (OP) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis and the relationship between OP and the clinical data. Methods Serum levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA ) in 60 cases with ankylosing spondylitis, and it was compared with normal controls. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry ( DXA), including lumbar ( L2 - L4), bilateral femoral neck and greater trochanter. Some clinical data was collected and analyzed at the same time. Results The incidence of OP in AS patients was 35%, and the incidence of OP in the femoral proximal end was higher than that in lumbar. Compared with normal controls[ ( 1.06 ±0. 18 )U/L ], the levels of serum TRACP5b in AS[ (1.31 ± 0. 82 )U/L] patients was significantly higher ( P <0. 05 ). The levels of serum BLAP in OP combined AS group[ ( 21.65 ± 5.41 ) U/L]were significantly lower than non-OP group[ (32. 37 ± 16. 5 ) U/L] ( P <0. 05 ). The disease duration was negatively correlated with the BMD of femoral neck ( P < 0. 01 ). Conclusions There was higher incidence of OP in AS patients, which were related with the abnormality of bone metabolism and the disease duration.Multiple factors participated in the regulation of bone metabolism of AS.

Objective To investigate the changes and significance of Th1/Th2 cytokines in ankylosing spondyhtis (AS).Metbotis Serum and synovial fluid levels of TNF-α,IL.17.IL-10 and IL-4 were detected by en-zyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)in AS cases.Results The serun levels of TNF-α,IL-17 and IL-10 were significantly higher,while the serum level of IL-4 Was significantly lower in AS group than in normal group.The levels of TNF-α.IL-17 and IL-4 in synovial fluid were significantly higher than in serum.Conclusion Disequilibrium exists in Th1/Th2 cytokine network of AS.and there is a strong predominance of Th1.

Objective:To investigate the changes of gene or protein expression and activity of matrix metalloprotein9 (MMP9) and tissue inhibitor ofmetalloproteinasel (TIMP1) in the carotid artery (CA) of 4 wk hindlimb unweighted rat.Methods:A 4 weeks(wk) hindlimb unweighted (HU) rat model was used to simulate the effect of weightlessness on the cardiovascular system.Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect the content of ECM.Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was conducted to measure the mRNA content MMP and TIMP1.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot technique were used to measure the protein abundance.Gelatin zymography was carried out to detect the activity of MMP9.Results:Compared to the control group (CON),the area of ECM was enhanced (P＜0.05) and the content of collage fiber was increased (P＜0.05) in the CA of HU rats;moreover,HU did not affect the mRNA expression of MMP9,but significantly reduced the protein content (P＜0.05) or enzymatic activity (P＜0.05).Accordingly,the mRNA or protein expression of TIMP1 in the CA was significantly increased by HU (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Simulated weightlessness caused imbalance between MMP and TIMP1 expression,which might contribute to the ECM aggregation and stiffness of CA.

This article introduces the details in technology transfer in the Johns Hopkins University (JHU),such as the scope of intellectual property,disciplines and the transfer domains,procedures,items,human resources,faculties motivation measures,categories of license.We also tried to find common contents in its technology transfer works and hoped to provide information to help on the medical science transfer in China.

Objective To objectively and standardly compare the bare-handed CPR and Thumper cardiopulmonary resuscitation CPR recovery effect based on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) Utstein model.Methods A retrospective study was conducted. CPR adult patients admitted to the Emergency Room of First Hospital of Qinhuangdao in Hebei Province from January 2015 to January 2017 were enrolled. Seventy patients who underwent CPR using the Thumper cardiopulmonary resuscitator were included in the Thumper CPR group; 80 patients who underwent manual hand-held CPR were included in the bare-handed CPR group. Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and return of spontaneous breathing, and blood gas analysis indexes of recovery for 5 minutes and 15 minutes [arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), arterial blood oxygen saturation (SaO2), blood lactic acid (Lac)] were collected.Results There was no significant difference in gender, age and cardiac arrest (CA) causes between the two groups. Compared with the bare-handed CPR group, the ROSC rate in the Thumper CPR group was significantly increased [68.57％ (48/70) vs. 51.25％ (41/80),χ2 = 4.642,P = 0.031], but there was no significant difference in return of spontaneous breathing rate [48.57％ (34/70) vs. 47.50％ (38/80),χ2 = 0.017,P = 0.896]. There was no significant difference in blood gas index between the two groups after 5 minutes of recovery. The PaO2 and SaO2 in the Thumper CPR group were significantly higher than those in the bare-handed CPR group [PaO2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa): 88.13±5.06 vs. 84.26±5.53, SaO2: 0.828±0.068 vs. 0.766±0.031, bothP < 0.05), PaCO2 and Lac were significantly lower than those in the bare-handed CPR group [PaCO2 (mmHg):34.04±4.62 vs. 40.43±5.29, Lac (mmol/L): 6.90±2.07 vs. 8.50±2.12, bothP < 0.05].Conclusions In the process of emergency rescue, Thumper cardiopulmonary resuscitator is more successful than bare-handed CPR. The recovery rate of Thumper cardiopulmonary resuscitator is more conducive to save manpower and obtain better metabolic effect, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Laparoscopic ultrasound (LUS) has the advantage of high resolution,multi-angle exploration,and is widely used in minimally invasive surgery of biliary tract.LUS has a series of auxiliary function in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC),common bile duct exploration,surgery of intrahepatic biliary calculi,and intraoperative staging of pancreato-biliary tumor.This paper summarizes the application of LUS in laparoscopic biliary surgeries and the related technical essentials.

Objective:To explore a new training mode for nursing professionals suitable for the 1+X certificate system, and realize the training goal of "one specialty and multi-ability" compound technical nursing talents.Methods:To take the "1+ X" certificate standard as the basis for the construction of nursing specialty, to reconstruct the talent training program of integration of graduation certificate and certificate. To take the content of "1+X" certificate as the basis for the construction of professional courses, construct the core curriculum system of integration of curriculum and certificate. To build a "new double-qualified" teaching staff and constructing of new double-qualified teachers and accelerate the development of quality resources.Results:The talent training mode of integration of graduation certificate and certificate under the 1+X certificate system was constructed. The curriculum structure has been optimized. The teachers′ability of teaching, training and examination was improved.Conclusions:The new mode of training nursing professionals under the 1+X certificate system meets 1 degree education and X vocational training of nursing students and achieve a "1" and "X" seamless convergence. It provides innovative ideas for the promotion and implementation of 1+X certificate system pilot work in the field of nursing education nationwide.

Objective:To analyze the prevention and treatment of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County, Shaanxi Province, so as to provide basis for consolidating the results of Kaschin-Beck disease prevention and control and the treatment of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease.Methods:The epidemiological investigation of data and clinical data Kaschin-Beck disease from 1954 to 2022 were collected from the Fu County Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control and People's Hospital of Fu County in Shaanxi Province, respectively. The retrospective study was used to investigate the prevention and control of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County through the adoption of comprehensive measures such as relocation, grain exchange, water improvement, conversion of farmland to forest and so on.Results:In 1954, there were 6 endemic townships and 127 endemic villages of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County, with a total population of 78 781. A total of 16 327 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 20.72%, including 5 434 patients without clinical symptoms. There were 5 850 patients with clinical grade Ⅰ, 3 725 patients with clinical grade Ⅱ and 1 318 patients with clinical grade Ⅲ. In 1975, the first general survey of Kaschin-Beck disease was conducted in the whole county, with a total population of 101 341. A total of 9 575 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 9.45%, including 3 247 cases without clinical symptoms. Among the patients with symptoms, there were 3 704 cases of clinical grade Ⅰ, 2 006 cases of clinical grade Ⅱ and 618 cases of clinical grade Ⅲ. The patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were mainly local residents, accounting for 93.92% (8 993/9 575). In 1997, 27 320 students aged 7 to 16 years in 342 schools of 15 townships were examined and found that there were 169 cases without clinical symptoms with X-ray changes, only 2 cases with clinical grade Ⅰ, and the detection rate decreased to 0.63%. In 1997, Fu County began to encourage relocation and grain exchange to prevent Kaschin-Beck disease. The relocation targets were mainly the seriously ill villages with new cases among children and poor living conditions. By 1999, a total of 100 households and 469 people were relocated, and by 2020, 1 569 households and 5 334 people were relocated. In 1997 and 1998, measures were taken to improve water quality in 43 natural villages in 6 townships, with 1 591 households and 7 375 people benefiting. In 2010, a general survey of Kaschin-Beck disease was conducted in 15 townships of Fu County, with a total population of 135 858, and 3 424 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 2.52%. There were 2 885 cases with clinical symptoms, including 1 584 cases with clinical grade Ⅰ, 1 024 cases with clinical grade Ⅱ and 277 cases with clinical grade Ⅲ. Among them, 32 561 minors under 16 years old were examined, and 49 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 0.15%, and all of them were clinical gradeⅠ patients. In 2014, a total of 73 600 people were surveyed in 170 endemic villages of Fu county, and 2 885 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 3.92%. Compared with 2010, the number of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease increased zero, and there were no underage patients under the age of 16 for 4 consecutive years. By the end of 2016, 666.67 hm 2 of farmland had been converted to forest in Fu County, involving 9 townships (including communities), 33 administrative villages and 1 993 households. In 2018, another general survey of Kaschin-Beck disease was conducted in Fu County, with a total population of 157 362. A total of 2 308 patients were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 1.47%. Among them, there were 1 270 cases of clinical grade Ⅰ, 870 cases of clinical grade Ⅱ and 168 cases of clinical grade Ⅲ, and there were no patients with Kaschin-Beck disease under 16 years old in the county for 8 consecutive years (2011-2018). In the same year, 22 cases of Kaschin-Beck disease joint replacement were completed in Fu County, and by January 2022, about 60 cases had completed joint replacement. Conclusion:The prevention and control of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County has achieved remarkable results through comprehensive measures such as relocation, grain exchange, water improvement and conversion of farmland to forest.