Objective To investigate the mechanism of ventricular dilation-induced arrhythmias by dilating isolated rat hearts. Methods Isolated rat hearts were perfused by Langerdorff method. After equilibration, 80 hearts were randomly divided into four groups as follows: (1) control group (n=20), (2) Ca2+ preconditioning (CPC) group (n=20), (3) streptomycin group (n=20), and (4) CPC + streptomycin group (n=20). A latex balloon which can be filled with fluid was anchored in the left ventricle through the left atrium and mitral valve. Epicardial ECG of the left ventricle, left ventricular pressure, coronary flow and heart rate were recorded before and during ventricular dilation by injecting fluid into the latex balloon. The rate and duration of ventricular dilation-induced arrhythmias were recorded. Results Under the same increase in ventricular end-diastolic pressure made by inflation of the balloon, the rate of arrhythmias was 100% and duration of arrhythmias was 2.56±0.46 s in the control group. Both the rates of premature ventricular beat (90 %) and ventricular tachycardia 70 % ) were high. Compared with the control group, the total rate (60 % ) of arrhythmias was lower, and duration (1.67±0.61 s ) of arrhythmias was shorter in the CPC group. Both the rates of premature ventricular beat (60%) and ventricular tachycardia (40%) were low comparatively. The rate of arrhythmias (45 %) was lower and duration ( 1.64±0.42 s)of arrhythmias was shorter, and the rates of premature ventricular beat (30 % ) or ventricular tachycardia (35 %) were lower in the streptomycin group than in the control one. The least ventricular dilation-induced arrhythmias occurred in the CPC + streptomycin group. The rate of arrhythmias (10%) was the lowest and duration (1.01±0.37s) of arrhythmias was the shortest; both the rates of premature ventricular beat (5%) and ventricular tachycardia (10%) were the lowest. Conclusions Ventricular dilation may induce arrhythmias in isolated rat hearts. Stretch-activated ion channel and the increase in [Ca2+]I are supposed to play important roles in the pathological mechanism.

Objective:To investigate the changes of gene or protein expression and activity of matrix metalloprotein9 (MMP9) and tissue inhibitor ofmetalloproteinasel (TIMP1) in the carotid artery (CA) of 4 wk hindlimb unweighted rat.Methods:A 4 weeks(wk) hindlimb unweighted (HU) rat model was used to simulate the effect of weightlessness on the cardiovascular system.Transmission electron microscopy was used to detect the content of ECM.Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) was conducted to measure the mRNA content MMP and TIMP1.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot technique were used to measure the protein abundance.Gelatin zymography was carried out to detect the activity of MMP9.Results:Compared to the control group (CON),the area of ECM was enhanced (P＜0.05) and the content of collage fiber was increased (P＜0.05) in the CA of HU rats;moreover,HU did not affect the mRNA expression of MMP9,but significantly reduced the protein content (P＜0.05) or enzymatic activity (P＜0.05).Accordingly,the mRNA or protein expression of TIMP1 in the CA was significantly increased by HU (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Simulated weightlessness caused imbalance between MMP and TIMP1 expression,which might contribute to the ECM aggregation and stiffness of CA.

Objective To investigate the efficiency and safety of ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction in enhancing β-galactosidase gene (β-gal gene) transfer into human proximal tubular cells(HKCs). Methods β-gal gene was transfected to HKCs as a mark gene with ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction. Cultured HKCs were grouped to receive the following 7 treatments respectively: ultrasound alone; microbubble alone; naked plasmid; ultrasound and plasmid; microbubble and plasmid; ultrasound, microbubble, and plasmid; and VigoFect and plasmid. In Group 6, HKCs were exposed to ultrasound under different sound intensities and time. X-gal stainning, typan blue stainning, and Hochest stainning were used to detect the transfection efficiency, cell survival rate, and cell apoptosis rate, respectively.Results β-galactosidase expression could be observed in the ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction groups. Along with the increasing of sound intensity and exposure time, the cell survival rate of HKCs decreased, and the cell apoptosis rate increased gradually. The transduction efficiency and survival rate in middle intensity (0.3 W/cm~2×60 s) of ultrasound exposure were higher than those of other groups, similar to those of Group 7.Conclusion Under optimum sound intensity and exposure time, ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction can increase gene transfer into HKCs. This non-invasive gene transfer method may be a useful tool for clinical gene therapy.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the value of X-ray fluoroscopy in preventing catheter dysfunction during catheterization of peritoneal dialysis. METHODS: A total of 168 patients with end-stage renal failure were nonrandomized into group A (the conventional catheterization group) and group B (the conventional catheterization + bedside fluoroscopy group). All patients were followed up for 1 year after the catheterization. Details of the patients' general information, catheter-related complications and incidence of catheter dysfunction were analyzed. RESULTS: Hemorrhagic complications occurred in 9 patients (5.36%), including 2 incision hematomas, 4 bloody fluid drainages, 1 bladder perforation and 1 intestinal perforation (1.20%). Dialysate leakages occurred in 4 patients (2.38%): 2 right pleural effusion and 2 scrotal edemas. Infection-related complications (2.98%) in 5 patients were observed: 1 infectious peritonitis and 4 catheter exit infections. All peritoneal dialysis-related infections were cured after the treatment. There was no significant difference in the incidence of mechanical and infectious complications between the two groups (P> 0.05). No immediate catheter dysfunction was found in all patients, but late catheter dysfunction was observed in 14 patients (8.33%), including 9 catheter migrations (5.36%), 5 of which were induced by other reasons (2.98%). Catheter dysfunction in 11 out of the 14 patients occurred within 30 days post-catheterization, whereas 2 occurred over 30 days (caused by constipation). In group A, 12 patients developed delayed catheter dysfunction (11.65%), 10 of which (83.33%) were induced by catheter migration and the other 2 by other reasons. In group B, 2 (11.65%) delayed catheter dysfunctions were observed, including 1 catheter migration and 1 constipation. The incidence of catheter dysfunction in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (P<0.05). The success rate of catheterization in group B was 91.3%. CONCLUSION Catheter dysfunction is a common complication in peritoneal dialysis. X-ray fluoroscopy during catheter insertion helps to monitor the location of the catheter, which can effectively prevent late catheter dysfunction and increase the success of catheterization in peritoneal dialysis.
Aged ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; methods ; Radiography, Interventional

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different intravenous iron treatment regimens on anemia and oxidative stress in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. METHODS: A total of 58 MHD patients were randomly divided into a multi-frequency low-dose intravenous iron group (iron sucrose 25 mg, twice a week for 8 weeks, n=19), a less-frequency regular-dose intravenous iron group (iron sucrose 100 mg, once every two weeks for 8 weeks, n=19), and a non-iron group (n=20). Another 20 healthy people served as a control group (n=20). The changes of hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), serum ferritin (SF) and transferrin saturation (TSAT), as well as the oxidative stress parameters of malon-dialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were detected before and after the treatment. RESULTS: After 8 weeks, compared with the non-iron group, the levels of Hb, HCT, SF and TSAT in the two iron groups were significantly elevated (P<0.01), but there was no difference between the two iron groups (P>0.05). After the single dialysis, the two iron groups had higher level of serum MDA, MPO and lower level of serum SOD than that of the non-iron supplementation group (P<0.01). The multi-frequency low-dose intravenous iron group had lower level of serum MDA [(5.37 ± 0.73) nmol/mL vs (6.37±1.67) nmol/mL], MPO [(81.41±7.60) U/L vs (96.75±16.97) U/L] and higher level of serum SOD [(84.77 ± 14.02) U/mL vs (68.23 ± 4.90) U/mL] than that of the less-frequency regular-dose intravenous iron group. After 8 weeks, there was no significant difference between the two iron groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION Multi-frequency low-dose intravenous iron can effectively improve anemia in MHD patients, whose acute oxidative stress is lower than that of less-frequency regular-dose intravenous iron, and is a relatively safe and effective intravenous iron treatment regimen.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anemia ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Female ; Ferric Compounds ; administration & dosage ; Ferric Oxide, Saccharated ; Glucaric Acid ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; complications ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Renal Dialysis ; Sucrose ; administration & dosage ; Young Adult

Objective:To explore the application effect of parent-child emotional regulation and resilience group training in adolescent depression patients.Methods:From August 2020 to September 2021, a total of 118 adolescent depression patients were enrolled and randomly divided into the intervention group(66 cases) and the control group(66 cases) by a random number table method.The intervention group received medication therapy and parent-child group emotional regulation and psychological resilience training, while the control group received medication therapy and commonly used individual, family or group therapy in clinical practice.The Hamilton Depression rating scale(HAMD-24 version), Herth hope scale(HHS), Connor-Davidson resilience scale(CD-RISC), and family adaptability and cohesion evaluation scale, second edition Chinese version(FACES-Ⅱ-CV) were adopted to investigate participants at baseline, 12-week, 24-week, and 36-week after intervention.SPSS 26.0 statistical software was used to perform repeated measurement analysis of variance on the data.Results:(1)The interaction effect between two groups of HAMD scores( F=54.0, P<0.001), group main effect( F=401.4, P<0.001), and time main effect( F=116.6, P<0.001) were all significant.Further simple effect analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in HAMD scores at various time points after intervention between the intervention group(26.2±6.5, 19.3±5.9, 11.3±5.6) and the control group(33.1±9.1, 30.3±7.9, 25.0±8.4)(all P<0.05). Intragroup comparison showed the HAMD scores of the intervention group and control group at each time point after intervention were lower than those before intervention (all P<0.05). (2)The interaction effect of CD-RISC scores between two groups of patients( F=72.1, P<0.001), group main effect( F=48.9, P<0.001), and time main effect( F=174.9, P<0.001) were significant.Further simple effect analysis showed that the CD-RISC score of the intervention group at each time point after intervention were higher than those of the control group(all P<0.05). Intragroup comparison showed the scores of CD-RISC at each time point after intervention in the intervention group and the control group were higher than those before intervention(all P<0.05). (3)The interaction effect of HHS scores( F=121.6, P<0.001), group main effect( F=57.4, P<0.001), and time main effect( F=208.1, P<0.001) of the two groups of patients were significant.Further simple effect analysis showed that the HHS scores of the intervention group were higher than those of the control group at all time points after intervention(all P<0.05). Intragroup comparison showed the HHS scores of the intervention group and the control group at each time point after intervention were higher than those before intervention(all P<0.05). (4)The interaction effect of FACES-Ⅱ-CV scores( F=45.0, P<0.001), group main effect( F=20.3, P<0.001), and time main effect( F=154.5, P<0.001) of the two groups of patients were significant.Further simple effect analysis showed that the FACES-Ⅱ-CV scores of the intervention group were higher than those of the control group at all time points after intervention(all P<0.05). Intragroup comparison showed the FACES-Ⅱ-CV scores of the intervention group and the control group at each time point after intervention were higher than those before intervention(all P<0.05). (5)The total effective rate of the intervention group was higher than that of the control group(95.1%, 87.7%)( P<0.001). Conclusion:In adolescents with depression, parent-child group emotional regulation and resilience training can effectively reduce depression emotion, increase the level of hope and resilience of patients and enhance family intimacy and adaptability.

Objective:To investigate the pharmacokinetics of sugammadex in reversal of rocuronium-induced muscle relaxant residual in infants and young children undergoing daytime surgery.Methods:One hundred and four pediatric patients of either sex, aged 3-36 months, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅱ, with body mass index of 18.5-28.0 kg/m 2, diagnosed with oblique inguinal hernia and/or hydrocele, scheduled for laparoscopic high ligation of hernia sac and/or high ligation of sphingoid surgery, were included in the study. Intraoperative neuromuscle relaxation was assessed by transdermal stimulation of the ulnar nerve in the wrist using a TOF Guard monitor. Rocuronium 0.9 mg/kg, propofol 3 mg/kg, and sufentanyl 0.5 μg/kg were intravenously injected for anesthesia induction, and propofol 6-8 mg·kg -1·h -1 was intravenously infused to maintain anesthesia. The pediatric patients were divided into Ⅰgroup and Ⅱ group according to the degree of postoperative neuromuscular block. In group Ⅰ, sugammadex 2 mg/kg was intravenously injected when TOF returned to T 2 recurrence. In group Ⅱ, sugammadex 4 mg/kg was intravenously injected when the single stimulation count was 1 or 2 after tetanic stimulation. At 2 and 10 min after rocuronium administration, at the end of operation, 2 and 10 min after sugammadex administration, and when the children met the standard of leaving the resuscitation room, venous blood samples were collected for determination of plasma concentrations of rocuronium and sugammadex using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Pharmacokinetic parameters were determined using the Pheonix WinNonlin software. The onset of rocuronium and time for recovery of TOF ratio to 90% were recorded. Results:The pharmacokinetics of sugammadex was fitted to the nonlinear mixed-effect satrioventricular model.There was no significant difference in the peak concentration, area under the drug concentration-time curve, elimination half-life, apparent clearance, apparent volume of distribution, mean retention time, and time for TOF ratio returning to 90% between the two groups ( P> 0.05). Conclusions:The pharmacokinetics of sugammadex in reversal of rocuronium-induced muscle relaxant residual is fitted to a nonlinear mixed-effect satrioventricular model, and sugammadex 2 and 4 mg/kg have similar pharmacokinetics in infants and young children undergoing daytime surgery.

Objective:To investigate the association of osteosarcopenia with falls, risk of fracture, malnutrition among middle-aged and elderly adults.Methods:A total of 253 participants dwelling in Guangzhou community aged 40-90 years were included in this cross-sectional study from December 2017 to December 2019.Bone mineral density(BMD)was detected by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DEXA). Body composition was analyzed by a bioelectrical impedance analysis.Handgrip strength and gait speed were examined.The 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture and hip fracture were evaluated by online WHO fracture risk assessment tool( FRAX?). Results:According to diagnostic criteria of AWGS and EWGSOP2, the incidences of osteosarcopenia varied from 5.1% to 7.6%, 5.1% to 11.4% respectively.After the adjustment for age and gender, Logistic regression analysis showed that osteosarcopenia was correlated with falls, risk of fracture and malnutrition.Osteosarcopenia definited by AWGS criteria was strongly correlated with falls( OR=3.27-5.68, P<0.05), osteosarcopenia definited by non-severe sarcopenia criteria was strongly correlated with the risk of hip fracture( OR=1.14-1.15, P<0.05), and fat-free mass index was strongly correlated with osteosarcopenia with different definitions( OR=0.21-0.48, P<0.05). Conclusions:Osteosarcopenia is associated with higher risk of falls, fracture and malnutrition in the Guangzhou community-dwelling middle-aged and elderly adults, and fat-free mass index is an independent risk factor for osteosarcopenia.

To summarized the experiences from our basic experimental and clinical research on peritoneal dialysis. In the past 16 years, peritoneal fibrosis rat models and rabbit models of peritonitis were first established successfully in our laboratory in China. Peritoneal mesothelial cells were also separated and identificated. Besides, we assessed the biocompatibility of peritoneal dialysis fluid and analyzed the molecular mechanism of peritoneal mesothelial cell injury. We demonstrated the key role of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and peroxisome proliferative activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) in the pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis, as well as their regulation of molecular mechanism. Furthermore, we transfected the plasmids encoding TGF-beta1-shRNA or pCTGF-shRNA into peritoneal cells and tissues by nanocarrier technologies. In clinical research, the positioning of peritoneal dialysis catheters, peritoneal dialysis treatment modalities and the prevention and treatment of its complications were studied. The characteristics and mechanism of solute transport in peritoneal dialysis was also explored.
Animals ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Fibrosis ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; metabolism ; therapy ; Peritoneal Dialysis ; methods ; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory ; adverse effects ; Peritoneum ; pathology ; Rabbits ; Rats ; Retrospective Studies ; Tissue Adhesions ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; metabolism