Objective To investigate the gender difference of the plasma lactic acid(LA) levels in type 2 diabetics with normal renal and hepatic function, and the effect of metformin on LA levels in the difference gender. Methods A total of 1 021 type 2 diabetic inpatients with normal renal and hepatic functions were collected,including metformin treatment group (213 males and 210 females) and metformin non-treatment group (299 males and 299 females). LA was measured with enzyme-electrode assay. Fasting plasma glucose ( FPG), creatinine ( Cr), and alanine aminotransferase ( ALT) levels were determined. Results LA level in metformin treatment group was significantly higher than that in metformin non-treatment group [ (1.32±0.53 vs 1.14±0.49) mmol/L,P<0.01],and 61 cases had hyperlactacidemia but no lactic acidosis was found. Spearman correlation analysis showed that LA level was positively associated with gender,metformin, and body mass index( BMI) apart from Cr and ALT( P<0.01). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender,Cr,ALT,and metformin were independent correlated factors of hyperlactacidemia. LA levels in females were higher than those of males in the whole group and two groups treated or not treated with metformin (all P<0. 05 ). LA levels in females were higher compared to male in Cr and ALT subgroups,as well as age subgroups,especially with age younger than 45 years old (P=0.021). Conclusions There is gender difference of lactate level in diabetic patients,and the effect of metformin on the plasma lactate levels of different gender is varied. The plasma LA level in females,especially those approaching menopause,are prone to hoist.

The quality of a donor liver after cardiac death is closely associated with energy metabolism during preservation. Ex vivo mechanical perfusion has broad application prospects because this technique can help energy metabolism and repair ischemia injury of donors' livers. Some core issues are presented in this review in order to provide references for propelling secure application of liver transplantation based on donation after cardiac death.
Death ; Humans ; Liver ; Liver Transplantation ; Organ Preservation ; methods ; Perfusion ; methods ; Warm Ischemia ; adverse effects

Objective To study the relationship between plasma creatinine and lactic acid levels in type 2 diabetic patients with normal renal function, and the effect of mefformiu administration on plasma lactic acid. Methods Blood samples were collected from 723 type 2 diabetic inpatients(275 cases treated with mefformin as treatment group and 448 without mefformin as control group). Plasma lactic acid was measured with enzyme-electrode assay. The fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, creatinine (Cr) , alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and HbA1C levels were also determined. Results (1) The lactic acid level in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group [(1.33±0.57 vs 1.17±0.47) mmol/L, P<0.01] and so was the incidence of hyperlactacidemia (9.45% vs 4.91%, P<0.01). No lactic acidosis was found in all patients. (2) The correlation analysis showed that Cr, blood urea nitrogen, ALT and body mass index (BMI) were positively correlated with lactic acid in control group, and the positive correlation between Cr and lactic acid still existed (r= 0.345, P<0.01) after adjustment for ALT and BMI. (3) After being divided by 20 μmol/L Cr in control group, lactic acid levels in subgroup increased with the Cr levels, especially when Cr was over 90 μmol/L. The Cr cutpoint for predicting lactatemia was 95.35 μmol/L. Conclusion It is safe to administrate metformin in type 2 diabetic patients with normal renal function, along with low risk of lactic acidemia. The incidence of lactic acidemia may increase when plasma Cr level reaches 95.35 μmol/L,

The cluster sampling method was used and a retrospective survey on mortality trends of cerebrovascular diseases from 1989 to 2008 was conducted among residents from Erqi District in Zhengzhou city and Xigong District in Luoyang city. The average mortality rate of cerebrovascular diseases in these two districts was 69. 5/100 000 in 1989 to 2008. The standardized mortality rate for men was 118. 67/100 000 in 1989 to 1993, and dropped to 44. 23/100 000 in 2004 to 2008. The standardized mortality rate for women was 68.21/100 000 in 1989 to 1993, and dropped to 30. 2/100 000 in 2004 to 2008. The declining trends of cerebrovascular disease mortality rates might be related to early diagnosis and early treatment of the disease, and the extensive health education and prevention programs.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the best cut-off point, sensitivity and specificity of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in predicting of abdominal visceral obesity.

METHODSAbdominal visceral fat area (VA) was measured with magnetic resonance image (MRI) in 690 subjects (men: 305, women: 385). Meanwhile, BMI, WC, WHR were assessed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used as index for analysis.

RESULTS1) 61.7% of over-weight/obesity (OW/OB) and 14.2% of normal weight (NW) individuals were abdominal visceral obesity (VA >/= 100 cm(2)) by MRI diagnosis. 2) VA was significantly positively correlated with anthropometric variables (BMI, WC, WHR), in which WC was the best (r = 0.73 - 0.77, P < 0.001). 3) The best cut-off points of these anthropometric parameters in assessing abdominal visceral obesity were as follow: BMI: 26 kg/m(2), WC: 90 cm, WHR: 0.93. Among them WC showed most sensitive and specific. 4) 95% men and 90% women appeared abdominal visceral obesity in subjects with BMI >/= 28 kg/m(2) or WC >/= 95 cm.

CONCLUSIONBMI, WC, WHR can all predict abdominal visceral obesity, with WC the best.

Adipose Tissue ; metabolism ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Body Constitution ; Body Mass Index ; Female ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Obesity ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo determine whether smoking increases the risk for developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) in Chinese men.

METHODSA total of 693 men with no MetS at baseline were followed for 2.9-5.5 years. Subjects were divided into nonsmokers, ex-smokers, and current smokers according to baseline smoking status.

RESULTSAfter adjusting for age, education level, alcohol intake, fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR index, and BMI at baseline and weight change, current smokers were dose-dependently associated with increased risk for developing new MetS compared with nonsmokers. The odds ratio (OR) was 2.131 (95% CI, 1.264, 3.592; P<0.01) for the NCEPIII definition or 3.083 (95% CI, 1.807, 5.295; P<0.01) for the JCDCG definition of MetS. Ex-smokers who had quit for ≥13 years significantly decreased the risk for developing new MetS defined by the JCDCG definition. Compared with nonsmokers, current smokers were significantly associated with increased incidence of hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-C.

CONCLUSIONSmoking is a risk factor for developing MetS in Chinese men after adjusting for age, education level, alcohol intake, fasting plasma insulin, HOMA-IR, BMI, and weight change. This could be due to an increased incidence of dyslipidemia. Smoking cessation for >13 years decreased the risk for developing MetS defined by the JCDCG definition.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Body Mass Index ; China ; epidemiology ; Cholesterol, HDL ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus ; blood ; epidemiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypertriglyceridemia ; blood ; epidemiology ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome ; blood ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; blood ; epidemiology ; Waist Circumference

Objective:To investigate the clinical features and influencing factors of early-onset gout.Methods:Male patients with gout admitted to Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism were recruited from 2015 to 2018. Patients with gout onset before age 30 were defined as the " early-onset" group, and those with onset at 30~60 years were defined as the "late-onset" group. Clinical characteristics were compared between two groups. Factors associated with early-onset gout were analyzed.Results:A total of 1 243 male patients were enrolled in this study; 480 individuals were in the early-onset, and 763 in the late-onset groups. Compared with the late-onset group, patients with early-onset gout had higher consumption rates of sugar-sweetened beverage(28.0% vs 15.0%, P=0.001), a higher homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance level(3.78±2.93 vs 3.10±2.39, P<0.01), and larger proportions of family histories of diabetes(30.8% vs 20.4%, P<0.01)and hypertension(51.2% vs 42.6%, P=0.003). Logistic regression analysis showed that factors associated with early-onset gout were drinking sugar-sweetened beverage( P=0.012), family history of diabetes( P=0.037). Conclusion:Early-onset gout was associated with a family history of diabetes. Patients with family histories of diabetes are more likely to have early-onset gout, which may be associated with a common genetic basis.

Objective     To evaluate the predictive performance of the geometric characteristics, centerline (CL) of pulmonary nodules for prognosis in patients with surgically treatment in the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST). Methods    CT images of 178 patients who underwent surgical treatment and were diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in the low-dose CT (LDCT) cohort from the NLST image database were selected, including 99 males and 79 females, with a median age of 64 (59, 68) years. CT images were processed using commercial software Mimics 21.0 to record the volume, surface area, CL and the area perpendicular to the centerline of pulmonary nodules. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to compare the predictive performance of LD, AD and CL on prognosis. Univariate Cox regression was used to explore the influencing factors for postoperative disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), and meaningful independent variables were included in the multivariate Cox regression to construct the prediction model. Results    The area under the curve (AUC) of CL for postoperative recurrence and death were 0.650 and  0.719, better than LD (0.596, 0.623) and AD (0.600, 0.631). Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis showed that pulmonary nodule volume (P=0.010), the maximum area perpendicular to the centerline (MApc)(P=0.028) and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) were independent risk factors for DFS. Meanwhile, age (P=0.010), CL (P=0.043), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), MApc (P=0.022) and the average area perpendicular to the centerline (AApc) (P=0.016) were independently associated with OS. Conclusion    For the postoperative outcomes of NSCLC patients in the LDCT cohort of the NLST, the CL of the pulmonary nodule prediction performance for prognosis is superior to the LD and AD, CL can effectively predict the risk stratification and prognosis of lung cancer, and spheroid tumors have a better prognosis.