Objective To assess the diagnostic value of fiberoptic ductoscopy(FDS) on the nipple discharge. Methods The clinical data of fifty two consecutive patients with nipple discharge undergoing FDS from November 1998 to April 1999 were retrospectively analysed. Results A total of 62 ducts in 52 patients were successfully examined by FDS. Intraductal tumor of the breast was found in 14 cases(4 cancer and 10 papilloma). The diagnostic rate of FDS on intraductal tumor was 100%; and 85.7% of these patients were microlesions. Six cases were diagnosed as mastitis. Thirty two normal duct cavities presented just simple dilatation. In 73.7% of non tumor patients, the nipple discharge disappeared after irregation via FDS. Conclusions As a simple technique and a minimal traumatic endoscopy, FDS would be useful in detection of the microlesions of breast and might become a new diagnostic method of nipple discharge instead of ductography.

Objective To establish a new rat model of biliary atresia by pure ethanol injection into the common bile duct.Methods A catheter was inserted and fixed in the common bile duct in male SD rats .Saline (8 rats) or pure ethanol (16 rats) was injected through the catheter ,respectively, and the biochemical and pathological changes in the rats were examined .Results SD rats in the experimental group were divided into a persistent injury and a restoration of liver dysfunction groups according to pathological and biochemical detection .In the persistent injury group , biochemical impair-ments were significantly higher at 8 weeks after ethanol injection than those in the control group and restoration group .Dis-tinct pathological changes in the liver were observed using HE , SMA, and Masson staining .Conclusions It is a reliable animal model of biliary atresia induced by injection of pure ethanol into the common bile duct in the rat .It will provide a useful tool in future studies of biliary atresia .

Objective To observe the short term curative effect,life quality,adverse reactions of Jianpibufei decoction combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced non small cell lung cenacer.Methods 60 patients with advanced non small cell lung cenacer were randomly divided into the treatment group and the control gnoup,each group 30 cases.The treatment group was treated with TP scheme and Jianpibufei decoction.The contwl group was only treated with TP scheme.The effect,life quality and the injury of liver and kidney function was observed and compared between the two groups.Results The difference of the remission rate between the two groups had no statistical significance(x2 =0.418,P ＞ 0.05).The improving rate of life quality in the treatment group was 70％,and higher than that in the control group(40％)(x2 =6.545,P ＜0.05).The reduction of the white blood cell,the hemoglobin,platelet and the injury of liver function in the treatment group were lower than those in the control group obviously(Z=-2.516,-2.184,-2.059,-2.097,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Jianpibufei decoction combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced non small cell long cenacer could not increase the effect,but could reduce the adverse reaction of the chemotherapy and improve the life quality of patients.

Objective To explore the effect ofthymosin alpha-1 (Ta1) on postnatal systemic inflammation-induced learning and memory impairment in mice and their relevant mechanism.Methods (1) Twenty-four neonatal C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned into normal saline group,lipopolysaccharide (LPS,0.3 mg/kg) group,LPS (0.6 mg/kg) group,and LPS (0.9 mg/kg) group.And the animals were intraperitoneally injected with different doses of LPS or equal volume of saline for 5 days.The variations of body weight,liver weight relative to the body and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level in serum and brain tissues were observed to determine the appropriate dose of LPS for simulating neonatal clinical infection.(2) A total of 60 newborn mice were randomly divided into three groups:control group,LPS group and Ta1 treatment group;mice in each group were continuously injected with equal volume saline,LPS (0.6 mg/kg) and Tal (0.4 mg/kg)+LPS (0.6 mg/kg) for 5 days.On day 28 and on day 56,Morris water maze was used to measure the spatial learning and memory abilities of mice;the concentrations of TNF-α,interleukin-1β (IL-1β),brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the hippocampus were examined by ELISA,and the expressions of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) were measured by Western blotting.Results (1) As compared with the normal saline group,the mice in the LPS group (0.6 mg/kg) had significantly slower growth ([2.23±0.22] g vs.[1.18±0.21] g),increased relative liver weight to the body (0.052±0.004 vs.0.072±0.007) and increased TNF-α levels in serum and brain tissues ([62.01±3.32] pg/mL vs.[151.06± 14.51] pg/mL;[186.03±13.24] pg/mL vs.[298.71±41.61] pg/mL,P＜0.05).(2) As compared with the LPS group,Tal treatment group had significantly shortened average escape latency in place navigation test,prolonged active time in spatial probe test,statistically decreased hippocampal TNF-α,IL-1β,TLR4 and NF-κB levels ([73.32±5.18] pg/mL vs.[58.61 ±4.03] pg/mL;[99.15±8.30] pg/mL vs.[75.56±6.13] pg/mL;2.32±0.29 vs.1.71±0.26;1.77±0.24 vs.1.26±0.14) and significantly increased BDNF and NGF levels ([1.33±0.12] pg/mL vs.[1.69±0.25] pg/mL;[41.45±3.47] pg/mL vs.[50.38±5.02] pg/mL,P＜0.05).Conclusion Tal improves learning and memory functions and alleviates neuro-inflammation in postnatal infection of mice,and the underlying mechanism probably involves in inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway activation and increasing neurotrophic factors.

ObjectiveTo find out whether there is any difference in the monitoring results of mosq-ovitraps placed in different orientations in multi-storey residential areas, so as to provide a scientific basis for routine and emergency monitoring of Aedes albopictus with mosq-ovitraps in residential areas. MethodsFrom July 6th to October 26th 2023, one mosquito ovitrap was set up in each of the 4 orientations of east, south, west and north around the buildings in a multi-storey residential area in Jinhui Town, Fengxian District, Shanghai. Data was collected and recorded 72 hours after placement. The chi-square test was used to compare the mosquito ovitrap indices (MOIs) of two independent samples, and the Kruskal⁃Wallis H test was used to compare the MOIs of multiple independent samples. ResultsAfter 16 weeks of surveillance, 997 mosquito ovitraps were recovered, of which 211 were positive, with the mosquito ovitrap index (MOI) of 21.16% and the Aedes albopictus density index of 1.03 mosquitoes·ovitrap^-1. The MOIs were higher in September (24.22%) and October (23.96%), and the MOIs in the west, south and north within the two months were all above 20.00%. From July to October, the MOIs in the east, west, south and north were 20.70%, 22.20%, 25.50% and 16.20%, respectively, and the difference in MOIs among the 4 orientations was not statistically significant (χ²=6.647, P=0.084). Stratified analysis by month showed that in August, the south side of the multi-storey residential areas had the highest MOI (31.30%), the north side had the lowest MOI (1.30%), and there was a statistically significant difference in MOI in the east, west, south and north (χ²=25.986, P<0.001). In October, the MOI in the west was the highest (33.30%) and the MOI in the east was the lowest (6.30%), the difference in MOIs of the 4 orientations was statistically significant (χ²=12.007, P=0.007). The MOIs in the south side of the building in the outskirts of the residential area from the 1st week in July to the 4th week in October was lower (19.20%) than that in the south side of the inner building (31.70%), and the difference in MOI was statistically significant (χ²=5.118, P=0.024). ConclusionThe study of MOI in different orientations in a multi-storey residential area is a preliminary exploration based on field work, and the results show that there is a difference in MOIs in different orientations during the peak breeding period of mosquitoes. Further indicators such as temperature, humidity and wind speed in different orientations can be collected to explore the influencing factors of MOIs.