Objective: To develop a Constructive Thinking Scale for Chinese pupils. Methods: Data were collected from a sample of 302 primary school pupils tested with the Constructive Thinking Scale. Results: ①Item analysis showed that the Constructive Thinking Scale had satisfactory item discrimination; ②The Constructive Thinking Scale had a satisfactory reliability with a 0.83 test-retest reliability, and the Cronbach’s ? was 0.88; ③The result of EFA had five factors, and the range of factor loading was between 0.36 and 0.75. The final revised questionnaire included 23 items, which could explain 53.13% of the total variances. The scale had an ideal criterion validity. Conclusion: The Constructive Thinking Scale for pupils has ideal reliability and validity, and can be used in assessing Chinese pupils’ constructive thinking .

Objective:To develop an Emotional Intelligence Scale for Chinese pupils.Methods:Data were collected from a sample of 288 primary school students tested by the Emotional Intelligence Scale.Results:①Item analysis showed that the Emotional Intelligence Scale had satisfactory item discrimination.② The Emotional Intelligence Scale had a satisfactory reliability with a 0.90 test-retest reliability and the Cronbach's ? was 0.89.③The result of EFA had five factors,and the range of factor loading was between 0.40 and 0.77.The final revised questionnaire included 25 items,explaining 54.33% of the total variances.④The result of independent-sample t test showed significant gender differences in emotional intelligence.Conclusion:The Emotional Intelligence Scale for pupils has ideal reliability and validity.

0.40); ②The result of EFA had four factors: physical aggression, anger, hostility and substitution aggression. The range of factor loading was between 0.51 and 0.75; ③The Chinese version of BPAQ had a satisfactory reliability with a 0.92 test-retest reliability and the Cronbach’s ? was 0.84; ④There was significant gender difference in physical aggression, substitution aggression and the total aggression. Conclusion: The Chinese version of BPAQ is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring aggression of adolescents.

Objective: To analyze the equity of benefit which residents with different income get from Urban Employee Medical Insurance ( UEMI) and New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NCMS). Methods: Data used in this study is based on the forth household health service survey in Shanxi province. The indirectly standardization method and concentration index were employed to analyze the horizontal inequity index of benefit rate and benefit degree. Results:The horizontal inequity index of benefit rate and benefit degree in UEMI are 0.0524 and 0.0025, and the horizontal inequity index of benefit rate and benefit degree in NCMS are 0.2312 and 0.3228. Conclusion: The urban residents get the equal benefit from UEM, and there were pro-rich horizontal inequities of benefit rate and benefit degree in NCMS.

Objective To compare the clinical outcomes between proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) combined with risedronate sodium and isolated PFNA for the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures in elderly patients.Methods Clinical data of 62 elderly patients with intertrochanteric fracture from January 2011 to April 2013 were prospectively studied.Patients were randomly divided into two treatment groups:risedronate sodium group (the combined PFNA and risedronate) and control group (isolated PFNA).According to AO classification,32 patients in risedronate sodium group (15 males and 17 females,with an average age of 78 years) were divided into type A1 (n=10),type A2 (n=18) and type A3 (n=4).30 patients in control group (13 males and 17 females,with an average age of 77.5 years) were divided into type A1 (n=9),type A2 (n=16) and type A3 (n=5).Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry before and 1 year after operation.The hip joint function was assessed by Harris hip score.Complications and subsequent fragility fractures were evaluated postoperatively.Results 60 patients (30 patients in risedronate sodium group and 30 patients in control group) were followed up for at least one year.All fractures were healed at 6 months after surgery.No significant difference was found between the two groups in BMD in contra-lateral hip before treatment [(-2.58±0.41)kg/m2 vs.(-2.56±0.36)kg/m2,P＞0.05].BMD in contra-lateral hip had significant difference between the risedronate sodium and control groups one year after surgery [(-0.66±0.37)kg/m2 vs.(-1.13 ±0.28)kg/m2,P=0.000].There was no significant difference between the two groups in Harris hip score (P=0.238).During the follow-up,no patient in risedronate group suffered from subsequent fragility fracture after surgery,while lumbar compression fracture occurred in 1 case,distal radius fracture occurred in 1 case,the contralateral hip fractures occurred in 2 cases,postoperatively.Conclusions PFNA treatment combined with risedronate sodium can effectively improve BMD and reduce the risk for refracture,and has a good effect on intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients.

Objective To investigate the treatment of proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) in pertrochanteric hip fractures with unstable lateral-wall.Methods Thirty-two cases were included from the April 2009 to May 2011.Recorded operation period,blood loss volume,and complications and evaluated the effect of the methods.Arrange referral at 6 weeks,3 months,6 months,12 months respectively after operation,to check limb function and conventional camera hips,lateral X-ray film.Postoperative functional evaluation using the Harris hip score.Measure the last follow-up neck shaft angle and compare with postoperative's.Results The average operation period was (60-190) min,average was (80 ± 5) min ; blood loss volume was (90-250)ml,average was (120 ± 9) ml ; Average hospital periods was (15 ± 7) days; weight loading time was (6.3 ± 1.2)weeks after surgery and average time of union of fracture was 3.6 months.All patients obtained union of fracture without complications such as varus,internal fixation cutting out.Conclusion PFNA was proved to be an effective way for treating unstable lateral-wall of pertrochanteric hip fractures due to its advantages of stable fixation,minor trauma,less complications.

Objective To establish an HPLC method to determine the content of diosgenin in Paridis Rhizoma; To examine contents of diosgenin in different varieties of Paridis Rhizoma medicinal plants and from different habitats. Methods Shimadzu Inertsil ODS-C18 guard column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 5μm) was used in HPLC system; elution conditions were the mobile phase using 92% acetonitrile and 8% water (isocraticelution) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with 203 nm detection wavelength. The temperature of the column oven was maintained at 30℃.Results Different varieties of Paridis Rhizoma medicinal plants and Paridis Rhizoma medicinal plants from different habitats contained diosgenin. TheParis polyphylla var.pseudothibetica in Yubei district had the highest content (6.813 7 mg/g);Paris polyphylla var.stenophylla in Chengkou County had the middle content (5.758 4 mg/g);Paris yunnanensisFranch in Shizhu county showed the lowest content (1.952 2 mg/g). The results showed that the obvious difference of chemical quality between various cultivated varieties of Paridis Rhizoma medicinal plants, which might be related with origin, variety and the cultivation technology, and so on.Conclusion The diosgenin contents ofParis polyphylla var. pseudothibetica andParis polyphylla var.stenophylla were higher than that of varieties recorded in Chinese Pharmacopeia.Paris polyphylla var.pseudothibetica andParis polyphylla var.stenophylla had important medical value.

Objective To formulate a five-level pediatric emergency triage standard and evaluate the efficacy and reliability of it in determining severity of emergency pediatric patients.Methods According to the assessment methods in Pediatric Advanced Life Support recommended by American Heart Association and American Academy of Pediatrics,we formulated a five-level pediatric emergency triage standard based on the situation of our hospital and analyzed the data one year before and after the application of it.Results Before and after the application of the triage standard,the average satisfaction rate of emergency patients were (81.28 ± 3.97) ％ and (94.13 ± 4.62) ％,and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.01) ; the proportion of whom became worse during waiting time were 1.83％ (628/34275) and 0.04％ (16/36 187),and there was significant difference (P ＜0.01) ;the average waiting time of emergency admission patients were (12.71 ± 2.32) min and (3.34 ± 1.95) min,and there was significant difference (P ＜0.01) ;the misjudgment rate of severity were 3.78％ (1 296/34 275) and 0.57％ (205/36 187),and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The five-level triage standard is objective,easy to master,and suitable for pediatric triage.It can quickly sort out critical cases from emergency pediatric patients,which can improve the effectiveness of emergency service,make use of medical resources rationally and somewhat solve the problem of overcrowding.

Objective To improve our understanding of localized Castleman's disease ( Localized Castleman's disease, LCD) ,and to improve its diagnosis and treatment. Methods Clinical characteristics and treatment of 26 LCD cases were retrospectively analyzed, and its clinical features and treatment strategies were reviewed. Results Among the 26 cases, there were 10 cases with clinical symptoms, which mainly showed local pain induced by the compression of the tumors, and 3 in the 10 cases associated with paraneoplastic pemphigus. The swollen lymph node was at a localized area, which was mostly at retroperitoneal (10 cases) and mediastinum (7 cases). The CT scan of LCD had its special characters including local calcification and necrosis. 22 cases were of hyaline vascular type, and the other 4 cases were of plasma type based on histopathologic examination. Twenty-five patients received complete tumor resection and 2 cases of them recurred after a follow-up of 5 to 206 months averaging at 48 ± 13 months. In one case the tumor adjoining vital organs deep in the mediastinum couldn't be completely resected. This patient and another with complete tumor resection recurred and received combined chemotherapy with complete tumor disappearance and were all alive without recurrence as found by follow up to May, 2010. The other patient with recurrent tumor after tumor resection didn't receive chemotherapy and died 11 years later. Conclusions LCD patients mainly have isolated lymphadenectasis, and some patients may have systemic symptom and show abnormal laboratory results. CT scan is helpful in establishing a diagnosis of LCD.Complete surgical resection offers a favorite result for this disease.

Clinical features and related information on diagnosis and treatment of 45 cases of Castleman's disease (CD) were retrospectively analyzed.Based on the clinical classification, localized CD (LCD) was found in 26 cases, multicentric CD (MCD) was found in 19 cases.Most cases of LCD presented the symptoms of compression, while MCD had complicated and non-specific clinical manifestations, making the early diagnosis more difficult.All 26 cases with LCD underwent surgery, among which only 2 cases relapsed.Sixteen out of 19 patients with MCD were treated with glucocorticoids or combined chemotherapy, and 14 cases achieved complete or partial remission.The results show that patients with CD have variant manifestation and the diagnosis depend on CT scan or histopathology examination.Most LCD can be cured by complete surgical resection, and MCD can achieve remission by the treatment with glucocorticoids or combined chemotherapy.