Tissue engineering has evolved as a dynamic research field that encompasses multidisciplinary approaches involving cytology,material science,bioreactor engineering,and medicine.The overarching goal is to construct human tissue and organs in the laboratory for tissue regeneration or replacement.It offers a potential solution to the donor shortage in organ transplantation and to the difficulties in regenerative medicine.The basic components for tissue engineering include seed cell selection,bio-scaffold construction,and ex vivo tissue formation via a bioreactor. Over the past decade,tremendous progress has been made in bioengineering cartilage,trachea,urinary bladder,heart valve and endocrine tissues. However,there remain significant challenges in creating complex and human-sized tissues and organs for clinical use.In this article,we review the basic components and strategies for bioengineering organs. We attempt to provide an overview of current progress and challenges in developing organ-level tissue engineering and in the successful translation of bioengineered tissue and organ products into daily clinical practice.

Objective To investigate the outcome of induction of tumor cell apoptosis with low dosage of 131 I labelled anti carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA) monoclonal antibody C50( 131 I C50) and the therapeutic efficacy of combining radioimmunotherapy(RAIT) with chemotherapy in colorectal cancer xenografts. Methods Human colorectal cancer xenografts with positive CEA expression were established in nude mice with LoVo cell line. 5 fluorouracil(5 FU), 75 ?Ci 131 I C50, and 5 FU, combined with 131 I C50 were given to nude mice through tail vein to treat xenografts on 9th day after implantation of tumor cells. Fifteen days after implantation, each mouse was sacrificed and tumor tissues were stained with HE and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated X DUTP nick end labeling technique(TUNEL technique). Apoptosis index(AI) of xenograft cells in each mouse was calculated. Results Under light microscope, no obvious cytolysis or necrosis of tumor cells was seen in all four groups. Apoptosis indexes in blank control group, chemotherapy group, radioimmunothera py(RAIT) group, and RAIT+chemotherapy group were (0.29?0.08)%, (18.68? 2.69 )%,(40.88 ?4.54 )% and (62.33?8.00)%, respectively. There were significant difference of apoptosis indexes between any groups( P

Graduate education is a major way for training advanced talents in the field of military preventive medicine,and the process management is the key step for training talents with high quality of theoretic creation and experimental skills.In order to cultivate excellent graduate students with distinct military especially naval characters,in recent years,we have made certain exploration and practices during the education management process,facilitating construction of educational and experimental platform,intensifying theoretic ability and lab skills,improving research project selection and design,emphasizing middle evaluation and so on.Now a new type of process management mode of graduate education in military preventive medicine with significant military character has come into being.

Objective To evaluate the preoperative diagnosis of ureteral carcinoma.Methods The clinical features and selection of imaging and endoscope in 32 ureteral carcinoma patients were analyzed.Results The common symptom was hematuria.32 cases were confirmed by pathological examination as ureteral carcinoma and the diagnostic corresponding rate was 100% by color doppler and endoscopic technique.Conclusion Imaging and endoscopic examination are very important in hematuria patients without unknown reasons.Ureteral carcinoma should be considered when B mode ultrasound and venous urography show hydronephrosis and no development.Retrograde ureteropyelography and ureteroscopy are the most important diagnostic methods among various examinations.

The primary problems in preventive medicine teaching in clinical medicine are analyzed,and some countermeasures are proposed,including understanding the important strategic status of preventive medicine,strengthening teachers construction and im- proving teaching ways so as to promote teaching effect of preventive medicine.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the amount of thoracic cavity drainage24h after using highdose reptilase during in?tracardiac surgery.METHODS:32patients undergoing operation were randomly divided into group R(reptilase group,n=17)and group C(control group,n=15).In group R,reptilase2KU was injected before opening the thoracic cavity,reptilase1KU was added to prefilling fluid of extracorporeal circulation machine and reptilase2KU was intravenoulsy dripped after stopping machine until the end of operation.RESULTS:Compared with group C,the amount of thoracic cavity drainage reduced by35%(P

Objective To investigate the effects of artesunate on human cervical cancer cell line HeLa.Methods The inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay.Transmission electron microscopy and fluorescent staining were applied to demonstrate the presence of apoptosis.Cell cycle,reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential(??m) were examined by flow cytometry,respectively.Expression of caspase-3 was detected by immunohistochemical methods.Results Growth inhibition of ART on HeLa cells was time-and dose-dependent.Apoptotic feature was observed by transmission electron microscopy and fluorescent staining.The blocking of the cell cycle was in S-phase.The expression of caspase-3 in cytoplasm was positive.The generation of ROS increased obviously(P

Objective To study the effects ofautologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs)transplantation during coronary artery bypass gafting (CABG) on myocardial infarct size. Methods Forty myocardial infarction patients diagnosed by coronary angiography (CAG) and SPECT and confirmed at surgery were enrolled and randomly assigned CABG alone (group Ⅰ) or CABG with intramyocardial or intracoronary injection of autologous BMMCs (group Ⅱ), 20 cases in each group. Baseline and followed up evaluations included SPECT and NYHA-FC before and after 6 months operation, recorded the major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at the same time. The number of autologous BMMCs injected was (6.84 ± 2.88) ×107 in group Ⅱ. Results There was no procedure-related complication during 6 months followed up in all patients. After 6 months operation,left ventricular ejection fraction in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ [(57.40 ±5.21)% vs. (50.75 ±5.88)%,t =3.79,P＜0.05],NYHA-FC in group Ⅱ was significantly improved than that in group Ⅰ [(1.30 ± 0.47) grades vs. (1.85 ± 0.59) grades, t = 3.27, P ＜0.05],SPECT showed myocardial infarct size in group Ⅱ was significantly lower than that in group Ⅰ[(14.57 ±5.20)% vs. (20.45 ±5.18)% ,P ＜0.05]. Conclusion Autologous BMMCs transplantation during CABG is safe and feasible, which can reduce the myocardial infarct size in patients with myocardial infarction.

Objective To investigate the correlation between clinicopathologic factors and peritoneal dissemination from gastric cancer, and the impact of palliative resection on the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer complicated by peritoneal dissemination. Methods Based on our database built in 1994, the clinicopathologic data and the result of follow-up of all gastric cancer patients were analyzed retrospectively using the software of SPSS. Results One hundred and five out of 792 (13. 3% ) patients with primary gastric cancer were found complicated with peritoneal dissemination. The clinicopathologic factors in patients with peritoneal dissemination were significantly correlated with primary tumor penetrating through serosa, lymph node metastasis, primary tumor involving whole stomach, undifferentiated carcinoma, Borrmann IV and female gender (P

AIM: To establish a new human endometial carcinoma cell line for basic and clinical study. METHODS: The minced tumor tissues were inoculated subcutaneously into the back of nude mice. After forming solid tumor, the mice were killed and the transplant was taken out for primery culture. RESULTS: The established cell line was maintained by serial passages, named EAC. EAC cell line grew rapidly,steadily, and it had similar microscopic morphology to adenocarcinoma cell. Chromosome analysis reveal EAC chromosome counts ranging in hyperdiploid. The expression of ER, PR, P53, MDM2 were negative by SP immunohistochemistry. Tumorigenicity of EAC in nude mice was 100%. CONCLUSION: A new human endometrial carcinoma, EAC, is established successfully, which is helpful for the basic and clinical study of endometrial carcinoma.