Probiotcs are viable organisms or bacterial meal replenishers that do good to our body.They have multiple functions like improving internal gut environment,reinforcing immunity,antitumors,and are more and more widely used in clinical studies to cure some diseases,such as IBD,pouchitis,infective diarrhea and so on.This review is about the new progress in the acting mechanism and clinical application of probiotics.

Objective: To develop a Constructive Thinking Scale for Chinese pupils. Methods: Data were collected from a sample of 302 primary school pupils tested with the Constructive Thinking Scale. Results: ①Item analysis showed that the Constructive Thinking Scale had satisfactory item discrimination; ②The Constructive Thinking Scale had a satisfactory reliability with a 0.83 test-retest reliability, and the Cronbach’s ? was 0.88; ③The result of EFA had five factors, and the range of factor loading was between 0.36 and 0.75. The final revised questionnaire included 23 items, which could explain 53.13% of the total variances. The scale had an ideal criterion validity. Conclusion: The Constructive Thinking Scale for pupils has ideal reliability and validity, and can be used in assessing Chinese pupils’ constructive thinking .

Objective:To develop an Emotional Intelligence Scale for Chinese pupils.Methods:Data were collected from a sample of 288 primary school students tested by the Emotional Intelligence Scale.Results:①Item analysis showed that the Emotional Intelligence Scale had satisfactory item discrimination.② The Emotional Intelligence Scale had a satisfactory reliability with a 0.90 test-retest reliability and the Cronbach's ? was 0.89.③The result of EFA had five factors,and the range of factor loading was between 0.40 and 0.77.The final revised questionnaire included 25 items,explaining 54.33% of the total variances.④The result of independent-sample t test showed significant gender differences in emotional intelligence.Conclusion:The Emotional Intelligence Scale for pupils has ideal reliability and validity.

Objective To explore the application of the ultraviolet spectrophotometry method in detecting colchicine poisoning serum to provide the basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment of colchicine poisoning.Methods 0.5 mL of serum was taken and added with the extract solution(chloroform∶methanol=95 ∶5)4.0 mL.The sufficient oscillation extraction and high-speed cen-trifugation were performed.Then the organic layer was taken into another test tube for drying by nitrogen.0.2 mL of methanol dis-solved residue was taken and blended.50 μL of the mixed solution was taken for conducting ultraviolet scanning.Results The max-imum absorption peak of serum colchicine was (351 ±1)nm,the concentration within 5.0-40 μg/mL showed linearity,the regres-sion equation wasY =0.050 2X +0.001 3,the correlation coefficient was 0.999 5,the recovery rate was 83.8% -102.8%,the rel-ative standard deviation:3.3% -4.8%.The intra-day and inter-day were 3.22%-4.74% and 3.45%-4.66%,the lowest detec-tion concentration was 1 .0 μg/mL.Conclusion This method is simple to operate,fast in analysis,accurate in the detection result, which provides a simple and accurate detection method for clinical diagnosis of colchicine poisoning.

0.40); ②The result of EFA had four factors: physical aggression, anger, hostility and substitution aggression. The range of factor loading was between 0.51 and 0.75; ③The Chinese version of BPAQ had a satisfactory reliability with a 0.92 test-retest reliability and the Cronbach’s ? was 0.84; ④There was significant gender difference in physical aggression, substitution aggression and the total aggression. Conclusion: The Chinese version of BPAQ is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring aggression of adolescents.

A description of the concept,origin and development,and key contents of the system safety theory,and an analysis of the presence and future of China's medical safety management,holding that such a theory enjoys a promising perspective in medical safety managemenL Medical safety management needs to follow such a theory as fl guideline,and its principles to set system safety objectives,and to determine the scope of the safety system_By building a comprehensive feedback mechanism,clarifying the responsibility borders and advocating a safety culture,medical safety management can be significantly upgraded.

BACKGROUND: The operation on cervical spondylosis is usually done through anterolateral cervical vertebrae to mainly expose cervical vertebrae,intervertebral disc, hook joint and so on. The recent reports are mostly local studies. The observation data of the distance between cervical vertebrae and the corresponding nervus vascularis is limited.OBJECTIVE: The relation of the blood vessels and nerves to cervical vertebrae was observed in neck so as to prevent iatrogenic blood vessels and nerve injuries in the operation on cervical spondyloisis.DESIGN: A single sample trial based on the anatomic samples SETTING: The department of anatomy of a medical college PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was conducted in the Department of Anatomy of Changzhi Medical College from July 2003 to May 2004. Twenty adult antiseptic samples with 40 sides including 36 from males and 4 from the females supported by the Department of Human Anatomy, Changzhi Medical College.METHODS: The accompanying relation of the blood vessels to the nerves,the length of the blood vessels, and the distances from their starting point and end to the neighboring cervical vertebrae were observed and measured in 40 adult antiseptic samples of the neck.the distances from their starting point and end point to the neighboring cervical vertebrae.RESULTS: Totally, 40 sides of 20 samples entered the stage of the result analysis. The facial artery followed the lingual nerve, and the length from its starting point to the neighboring cervical vertebrae C3 was ( 18.5 ± 7.2) mm. The lingual artery followed the hypogolossal nerve, and the distance from its starting point of the lingual artery to C2 -3 was( 19.7 ± 8.4)mm. The superior thyroid artery followed the lateral branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, and the distance rom its starting to the point of the superior thyroid artery to C3 was (17.0 ± 5.7) mm, and the length from the end of the superior thyroid artery to C5 was (18.2 ± 2.5 ) mm. The superior laryngeal artery followed the medial branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, and the distances from its starting point and end point to C3 were( 15.7 ± 6.7) mm and(19. 7± 5.8) mm respectively. As for the inferior thyroid artery, the distances from its starting point and the end point to C7 were ( 17.3 ± 5.5 ) mm and ( 11.3 ± 3.4 ) mm respectively.CONCLUSION: In the operation on cervical spondylosis, attention should be paid to the anatomic stricture of the special position at different positions so as to reduce the iatrogenic blood vessels and nerve injuries.

Objective To discuss the value of analysis of serum myocardial enzyme spectrum and cardiac troponin I(cTnI) in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) .Methods Serum level of myocardial enzyme spectrum in each people was deter-mined with Hitachi 7602 ,Serum levels of cTnI was determined by chemoluminescence method .Serum levels of myocardial enzyme spectrum and cTnI were collect from 65 neonates with HIE(HIE group) and 68 cases of helthy volunteers(control group) .Results The levels of glutamic oxalacetic transaminase(AST) ,creatine kinase(CK) ,creatine kinase MB isoenzyme(CK-MB) ,lactic dehy-drogenase(LDH) and alpha-hydroxybutyric dehydrogenase(HBDH) in HIE group were(98 .9 ± 9 .6)U/L ,(385 .4 ± 15 .5)U/L , (89 .3 ± 9 .6)U/L ,(300 .8 ± 19 .8)U/L ,(399 .1 ± 17 .9)U/L ,which were higher than those in control group(P<0 .05) .The level of cTnI was(1 .4 ± 0 .4)ng/mL in HIE group ,which was higher than that in control group(P<0 .05) .CK-MB sensitivity was 88 .6% , cTnI speciality rate was 86 .3% .Conclusion The assay of myocardial enzyme spectrum and cTnI is significant in diagnosis of neo-natal HIE .

Objective To investigate clinical effect of limited decompression under endoscope combined with percutaneous transpedicular screw fixation for treatment of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis.Methods Thirty-four senile patients with lower lumbar spinal stenosis were selected as our subjects from February 2010 to August 2011,and were treated with limited decompression under endoscope combined with percutaneous transpedicular screw fixation through posterior approach.The VAS scores of all patients were collected at the four periods including pre-operation,leaving hospital,3 months after operation,and the last follow-up.The therapeutic effectiveness for the postoperative follow-up was expressed as excellent,good,ordinary,and poor according to Nakai standard.Results The VAS scores at pre-operation,leaving hospital,3 month after operation,and the last follow-up were (7.9 ± 1.6),(2.9 ± 1.4),(1.9 ± 1.9),(2.4 ± 1.5)respectively,and the difference was significant (F =13.524,P =0.036).But no significant differences of VAS scores at three sequential tests after operation were observed (P ＞ 0.05).In the last postoperative follow-up,32 cases were graded as excellent,1 cases for good and 1 case for ordinary,and the excellent rate reached to 97％.Conclusion The therapeutic effectiveness of lumbar spinal stenosis limited decompression under endoscope combined with percutaneous transpedicular screw fixation is reliable.Furthermore,no side effects on spine and back muscles are observed.

Objective To observe the effects of Qutantongluo decoction on the expression of TGF-β1 in renal tissue of diabetic nephropathy(DN) rats,which can help to understand the mechanism of action.Methods The rats models of diabetic nephropathy were established by injecting with streptozotocin intraperi-toneally.All Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups:the normal control group,the model control group,Benazepril Hydrochloridec group ( 1 mg/kg ·d-1 ),Qutantongluo decoction low dose group (3 g/kg ·d-1 ),Qutantongluo decoction median dose group (4.5 g/kg · d-1 ),and Qutantongluo decoction high dose group (6 g/kg · d-1 ).Rats in the normal control group and the model control group were given celiac perfusion of distilled water once at the same time and dose.All the rats were gavaged once daily for 8 weeks.The expression of TGF-β1 at the level of gene and protein in renal tissue were tested by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR methods.Results Compared with the model control group(2.79±0.22),the expression of TGF-β1 at the level of protein in renal tissue of Benazepril Hydrochloridec group (1.55 ±0.12)and the Qutantongluo decoction low dose group ( 1.54± 0.16),Qutantongluo decoction median dose group (1.49 ± 0.17),Qutantongluo decoction high dose group(l.39±0.25) decreased significantly (P＜0.05).Compared with the model control group (0.35±0.07),the expression of TGF-β1 mRNA in renal tissue of Benazepril Hydrochloridec group(0.35± 0.07)and the Qutantongluo decoction low dose group(0.39±0.03),Qutantongluo decoction median dose group (0.35± 0.06),Qutantongluo decoction high dose group (0.32± 0.07) decreased significantly (P＜0.05).Conclusion Qutantongluo decoction can down regulate the expression of TGF-β1 in kidney,which may be one of the mechanisms of Qutantongluo decoction effectiveness in clinical treatment of diabetic nephropathies.