No abstract available.
Endoscopy* ; Hemorrhage* ; Humans

Advanced computer vision technologies can be used to improve the performance of capsule endoscopy. Specifically, new technologies can be used to enhance the image quality of capsule endoscopes, which has previously been limited by mechanical constraints. The trajectory of a capsule endoscope, which can be estimated by reconstructing the captured images, helps to predict the location of lesions. Computer vision technology is utilized in a more practical way in a recently developed capsule endoscope comprising a stereo camera. Using this device, images can be interpreted in three dimensions, enabling more accurate measurements of size. The use of deep learning for image recognition is associated with an improved lesion detection rate and reduced reading time in clinicians. This evolving technology requires close cooperation between medical and IT professionals for optimized clinical use.

Advanced computer vision technologies can be used to improve the performance of capsule endoscopy. Specifically, new technologies can be used to enhance the image quality of capsule endoscopes, which has previously been limited by mechanical constraints. The trajectory of a capsule endoscope, which can be estimated by reconstructing the captured images, helps to predict the location of lesions. Computer vision technology is utilized in a more practical way in a recently developed capsule endoscope comprising a stereo camera. Using this device, images can be interpreted in three dimensions, enabling more accurate measurements of size. The use of deep learning for image recognition is associated with an improved lesion detection rate and reduced reading time in clinicians. This evolving technology requires close cooperation between medical and IT professionals for optimized clinical use.

Objective: Maumgyeol Basic service is a mental health evaluation and grade scoring software using the 2 channels EEG and photoplethysmogram (PPG). This service is supposed to assess potential at-risk groups with mental illness more easily, rapidly, and reliably. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical implication of the Maumgyeol Basic service. Methods: One hundred one healthy controls and 103 patients with a psychiatric disorder were recruited. Psychological evaluation (Mental Health Screening for Depressive Disorders [MHS-D], Mental Health Screening for Anxiety Disorders [MHS-A], cognitive stress response scale [CSRS], 12-item General Health Questionnaire [GHQ-12], Clinical Global Impression [CGI]) and digit symbol substitution test (DSST) were applied to all participants. Maumgyeol brain health score and Maumgyeol mind health score were calculated from 2 channel frontal EEG and PPG, respectively. Results: Participants were divided into three groups: Maumgyeol Risky, Maumgyeol Good, and Maumgyeol Usual. The Maumgyeol mind health scores, but not brain health scores, were significantly lower in the patients group compared to healthy controls. Maumgyeol Risky group showed significantly lower psychological and cognitive ability evaluation scores than Maumgyeol Usual and Good groups. Maumgyel brain health score showed significant correlations with CSRS and DSST. Maumgyeol mind health score showed significant correlations with CGI and DSST. About 20.6% of individuals were classified as the No Insight group, who had mental health problems but were unaware of their illnesses. Conclusion This study suggests that the Maumgyeol Basic service can provide important clinical information about mental health and be used as a meaningful digital mental healthcare monitoring solution to prevent symptom aggravation.

Capsule endoscopy can be a diagnostic option for patients with esophageal diseases who cannot tolerate esophagogastroduodenoscopy.Functional modifications of the capsule allow for thorough examination of the esophagus. Esophageal capsule endoscopy has so farfailed to show sufficient performance to justify the replacement of traditional endoscopy for the diagnosis of esophageal diseasesbecause the esophagus has a short transit time and common pathologies appear near the esophagogastric junction. However,technological improvements are being introduced to overcome the limitations of capsule endoscopy, which is expected to become agood alternative to conventional endoscopy.
Barrett Esophagus ; Capsule Endoscopy* ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Esophageal and Gastric Varices ; Esophageal Diseases ; Esophagogastric Junction ; Esophagus ; Humans ; Pathology

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to report medical care activities of Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT) and medical facilities that responded to the Goyang Bus Terminal fire on May 26, 2014, and to draw improvement of the current disaster medical response system. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed emergency medical service (EMS) run sheet and medical records of patients who visited the emergency department the day of the fire. We also interviewed the officials involved in disaster response. RESULTS: A total of 73 patients participated in this study. Among them, 9 were classified as Emergency, 60 as Non-Emergency, and 4 as Death on arrival (DOA). Fifty one patients visited the nearest hospital, and 17 patients were transported by EMS. DMAT arrived at the scene in 58 minutes, however there was little medical activity. CONCLUSION: Initial Triage and distribution of patients was rather inadequate and DMAT arrived late. For the future, we recommend constant training of the paramedics and leaders of 119, and to mend DMAT requesting and response system.
Allied Health Personnel ; Disasters* ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medical Services ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Fires* ; Humans ; Mass Casualty Incidents ; Medical Assistance ; Medical Records ; Retrospective Studies ; Triage

PURPOSE: Emergency physicians usually perform ultrasound exams for patients with multiple injuries. Extended focused assessment with sonography for trauma (eFAST) can reveal injuries from chest to the abdomen immediately. However, in Korea, the curriculums of medical schools do not currently include eFAST. We have devised a study to assess the feasibility of the eFAST exam in medical school students. METHODS: This study was conducted in students in their fifth year out of six years of medical school, over 11 weeks. Four Emergency Medicine specialists trained the students over 4 hours, tested the students, and conducted a questionnaire. RESULTS: Average age of students was 25.9+/-2.6 years, and 24 were male and 20 were female. Mean success rate of 17 components on the eFAST exam was 95.9% (94.6%-97.4%). The success rate of transverse view of aorta, transverse view of bladder, lung sliding sign, and sea-shore sign of both anterior chest walls was 100%, scanning the spleen and attaching the probe to a body surface were 75%, 86.3%. Total time consumption was 449.0+/-22.2 seconds. The questionnaires showed that the eFAST exam for the splenorenal recess, spleen, and left upper quadrant lung was difficult. CONCLUSION: We found that medical students in Korea could perform the eFAST exam by themselves after 4 hours education. In the future, these findings can be helpful in development of an eFAST education program for medical students.
Abdomen ; Aorta ; Curriculum ; Education ; Emergencies ; Emergency Medicine ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung ; Male ; Multiple Trauma ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Schools, Medical* ; Specialization ; Spleen ; Students, Medical ; Thorax ; Ultrasonography ; Urinary Bladder

OBJECTIVE: Delayed hinge fracture (HF) that develops after cervical open door laminoplasty can be a source of postoperative complications such as axial pain. However, risk factors related to this complication remain unclear. We performed a retrospective clinical series to determine risk factors for delayed HF following plate-only open-door cervical laminoplasty. METHODS: Patients who underwent plate-only open-door laminoplasty and had available postoperative computed tomography (CT) scans (80 patients with 270 laminae) were enrolled. Hinge status, hinge gutter location, open location, hinge width, number of screws used, operation level, and open angle were observed in the CT to determine radiographic outcome. Demographic data were collected as well. Radiographic and clinical parameters were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis to determine the risk factors for HF. RESULTS: Univariate logistic regression analysis results indicated poor initial hinge status, medially placed hinge gutter, double screw fixation on the elevated lamina, upper surgical level, and wide open angle as predictors for HF (p<0.05). Initial hinge status seemed to be the most powerful risk factor for HF (p=0.000) and thus was collinear with other variables. Therefore, multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed excluding initial hinge status, and the results indicated that medially placed hinge gutter, double screw fixation on the elevated lamina, and upper surgical level were risk factors for HF after adjustment for other confounding factors. CONCLUSION: To prevent HF and to draw a successful postoperative outcome after cervical laminoplasty, surgical and clinical precautions should be considered.
Humans ; Laminoplasty* ; Logistic Models ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors*

OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical and radiological factors as predictors for successful outcomes in lumbar disc herniation (LDH) treatment. METHODS: Two groups of patients with single level LDH (L4–5) requiring treatment were retrospectively studied. The surgery group (SG) included 34 patients, and 30 patients who initially refused the surgery were included in the nerve blocks group (NG). A visual analogue scale (VAS) for leg and back pain and motor deficit were initially evaluated before procedures, and repeated at 1, 6, and 12 months. Radiological factors including the disc herniation length, disc herniation area, canal length-occupying ratio, and canal area-occupying ratio were measured and compared. Predicting factors of successful outcomes were determined with multivariate logistic regression analysis after the optimal cut off values were established with a receiver operating characteristic curve. RESULTS: There was no significant demographic difference between two groups. A multivariate logistic regression analysis with radiological and clinical (12 months follow-up) data revealed that the high disc herniation length with cutoff value 6.31 mm [odds ratio (OR) 2.35; confidence interval (CI) 1.21–3.98] was a predictor of successful outcomes of leg pain relief in the SG. The low disc herniation length with cutoff value 6.23 mm (OR 0.05; CI 0.003–0.89) and high baseline VAS leg (OR 12.63; CI 1.64–97.45) were identified as predictors of successful outcomes of leg pain relief in the NG. CONCLUSION: The patients with the disc herniation length larger than 6.31 mm showed successful outcomes with surgery whereas the patients with the disc herniation length less than 6.23 mm showed successful outcomes with nerve block. These results could be considered as a radiological criteria in choosing optimal treatment options for LDH.
Back Pain ; Humans ; Leg ; Logistic Models ; Nerve Block* ; Retrospective Studies ; ROC Curve

Unlike wired endoscopy, capsule endoscopy requires additional time for a clinical specialist to review the operation and examine the lesions. To reduce the tedious review time and increase the accuracy of medical examinations, various approaches have been reported based on artificial intelligence for computer-aided diagnosis. Recently, deep learning–based approaches have been applied to many possible areas, showing greatly improved performance, especially for image-based recognition and classification. By reviewing recent deep learning–based approaches for clinical applications, we present the current status and future direction of artificial intelligence for capsule endoscopy.
Artificial Intelligence* ; Capsule Endoscopy* ; Classification ; Diagnosis ; Endoscopy ; Specialization