We investigated the distribution characteristics of Yersinia enterocolitica in Ningxia ,China .In accordance with the requirements of the National Yersinia enterocolitica Disease Monitoring Scheme ,Y .enterocolitica were isolated from differ‐ent kinds of specimens collected in Ningxia in 2008 to 2013 .Then they were serotyped and detected for virulence gene and ana‐lyzed the pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in Chinese CDC .It was found that 173 strains were isolated from various types of 9 643 specimens ,and the detection rate was 1 .79% .There were statistical differences among detection rates in differ‐ent years and in different specimens (P<0 .01) .Pathogenic serotypes O∶3 and O∶9 carried ail gene and ystA gene were de‐tected from specimens of pigs and diarrhea patient .Non‐pathogenic serotypes O∶5 and O∶8 and non‐typeable strains didn't carry ail gene and ystA gene ,and also can't be detected from swine ,cattle ,sheep ,chickens and dogs .In conclusion ,Y .en‐terocolitica was widely distributed in Ningxia and pigs were the dominant animal host .In all pathogenic serotypes ,the highest proportion was O∶3 following by O∶9 .It was no time and regional difference in the distribution of that in Ningxia ,China .

Objective: To analyze the etiological characteristics of infectious diarrhea among people under 5 years old in Dongcheng District, Beijing. Methods: The age, time of infection, clinical symptoms and laboratory test results of the cases who didn't used antibiotics within 3 days in the second maternal and child health care hospital were collected from 2012 to 2015, through the information management system of infectious disease monitoring technology platform. To compare the detection rate of virus and bacteria in children with different sex, time and age,and the difference of clinical characteristics between virus detection group and bacteria detection group by chi square test. Results: 1 977 cases of infectious diarrhea were collected, the median of the month age (P₂₅, P₇₅) was 14.19 (8.31, 23.15) months. The virus detection rate was 34.3% (679 cases); the bacterial detection rate was 14.6% (288 cases). The difference of virus detection rate in children with different months was statistically significant (χ²=72.38, P<0.001), the virus detection rate of 24-60 months (40.9% (188/460)) was the hightest, and the detection rate of 0-5 months (15.3% (48/314)) was the lowest. The difference of bacteria detection rate was also statistically significant (χ²=32.67, P<0.001), and the detection rate of 12-17 months (19.0% (81/426)) was the highest, the detection rate of 0-5 months (6.7% (21/314)) was the lowest. The proportion of vomit and water sample in the virus detection group was 22.2% (136 cases) and 73.3% (449 cases), respectively, which were higher than those in bacteria detection group (8.1% (18 cases) and 57.2% (127 cases)), the difference was statistically significant (χ² values were 125.92 and 19.60; P values were both<0.001); the proportion of mucus stool and fever was 0.8% (5 cases) and 14.0% (86 cases), respectively, which were lower than those in bacterial detection group (4.1% (9 cases) and 18.5% (41 cases)), and the difference was statistically significant (χ² values were 8.50 and 23.01; P values were 0.004 and <0.001). Conclusion The virus detection rate of infantile infective diarrhea is higher than that of bacteria in Dongcheng district of Beijing, and the clinical characteristics are significantly different.

Objective To investigate the effect of Niaoduqing Granule on the quality of life and the activa-tion of TGF-β1/Smad signalling in chronic renal failure rats received peritoneal dialysis. Methods Thirty SD rats were used to establish peritoneal dialysis models and were randomly divided into the model group(group M),the low dose group(group L),and the high dose group(group H).The dosage of group L and group H was 2 and 4 g/(kg·d),respectively. The body mass,the number of independent activities,the index of renal hypertrophy, Scr,BUN,experssion of TGF-β1 and p-Samd2/3 were determined. Results The body weight growth rate was shown decreased as follows:group N>group H>group L>group M.The number of spontaneous activity of group M decreased significantly than those in other groups. Scr,BUN and kidney hypertrophy index were significantly different among the four groups.Compared with group M,BUN,Scr,kidney hypertrophy index,levels of TGF-β 1 and p-Samd2/3 were significantly decreased in group L and H. Levels of TGF-β1 and p-Samd2/3 were signifi-cant different between group L and H. Conclusions Niaoduqing Granule can improve the quality of life and re-duce the level of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen in chronic renal failure rats received peritoneal dialysis,and the mechanism may be associated with the regulation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.