Objective To determine enterobacteria DNA load in venous blood of febrile surgical patients using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR), to study the correlations between DNA load and vital signs/blood cell count, and to compare the difference between different detection methods in terms of positive rates.Methods A total of 72 blood samples were obtained for bacterial cuhure and RQ-PCR.The correlations of enterobacteria DNA load with body temperature, heart rate, while blood cell count,and percentages of leukocyte and lymphocyte were then analyzed.Results The enterobacteria positive rate determined by RQ-PCR (63.89％) was significantly higher than that by bacterial culture (9.72％) (F =4.383, P =0.036).The DNA load was significantly correlated with both body temperature and heart rate (P =0.006, r =0.323;P =0.000, r =0.411), but not with white blood cell count, percentages of leukocyte and lymphocyte, and age (P=0.438, r=0.093;P=0.825, r=0.027;P=0.451, r=-0.090;P =0.096, r =0.198).Conclusions RQ-PCR can quickly determine the enterobacteria DNA load in peripheral blood with high sensitivity.Routine blood cell count may not accurately reflect the enterobacteria DNA load in blood.Body temperature and heart rate may be influenced by various factors.

Objective:To investigate the expression of TAZ and KLF5 and their clinical significance in hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC).Methods:We freshly collected 76 samples of surgically resected HCC and matched normal tumor-adjacent tissues and detected TAZ and KLF5 expression in these samples using immunohistochemical staining.The clinical significance of TAZ and KLF5 protein expression were analysed.Results:The protein expression of TAZ and KLF5 in HCC tissues was significantly higher than those in matched normal tumor-adjacent tissues ( P=0.001;P=0.035 ).Clinicopathological analysis suggested that TAZ and KLF5 protein expression were associated with histopathological differentiation ( P=0.007;P=0.047 ) and TNM stage ( P=0.009;P=0.040).TAZ was positively correlated with KLF5 protein in HCC tissues (r=0.651,P=0.003).Conclusion:The high-expression of TAZ and KLF5 are correlated with poor clinicopathological characteristics,and TAZ is positively associated with KLF5 in HCC tissues, suggesting that TAZ may promote tumor progression through inhibition of KLF5 protein degradation in HCC.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the parenteral nutrition formula's character of all-in-one-mixed preparation and pre-mixed preparation applied for hospitalized patients in China.MethodsWe collected parenteral nutrition (PN) prescriptions in hospitalized patients with various diseases at dispensing centers of 6 hospitals in different areas of China. Statistic analysis was made by nutrients application, total liquid, nonprotein calories, total nitrogen, ratio of non-protein calories and total nitrogen, and ratio of glucose and fat. A comparison was made between all-in-one-mixed and pre-mixed preparation as to all the indices.Results The nutrients supply in all-in-one-mixed PN preparation, as well as in the pre-mixed PN preparations of 3 different energy degrees can meet the basic nutrition requirements of most patients. The total nitrogen supply in all-in-one-mixed PN prescriptions meets nutrition requirements in most patients, but the ratio of non-protein calories and total nitrogen[( 180-250) : 1]and the ratio of glucose and fat (0. 56-1.26)were significantly different from what a doctor would recommend[( 100-150) : 1, 1.0]. While the ratios in the pre-mixed PN preparation on 3 different energy degrees are more consistent with recommeded values,which are at 167 and 0. 8 respectively.ConclusionsAll-in-one-mixed and pre-mixed PN preparation have their own individual advantages and limits, and both of them can meet the requirements of most hospitalized patients. More attention should be paid to the nutrients proportion when doctors prescribe all-in-one-mixed PN preparations.

Objective To investigate the use of parenteral nutrition in hospitalized patients and to examine the process of care of patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) in hospital, in light of European Nutrition Day study, and to preliminarily explore the possible main risk factors for complications.Methods We recruited 314 adult hospitalized patients (≥18 years) requiring PN on a predetermined day (November 25, 2013) in 6 hospitals in Beijing and investigated their disease status, nutrition risk, the use of PN and venous infusion related complications using the European Nutrition Day survey questionnaire.Results Of the 314 patients, 311 completed the survey.In the 311 patients, the proportion of patients who received PN of all-in-one mixed preparation was 76.2％ (237/311), the proportion of patients receiving multibottle system was 23.8％ (74/311);PN was administered via central vein in 56.8％ (171/301) of the patients and via peripheral veins in 43.2％ (130/301) of the patients.The mean duration of infusion was (12.5 ±5.1) hours.The ratio of glucose to fat was 0.84 and the ratio of non-protein to calories 531.1.The total energy provision was less than the recommended intake.38.6％ (120/311) of the patients reported that PN infusion would affect activity, and 33.4％ (104/311) thought PN affected their sleep, and the incidence of infusion-related pain was 19.9％ (62/311).Multivariate analysis result showed that the most important factors of infusion-related pain were intravenous route of PN (x2 =25.911,P =0.000) and total venous infusion volume (x2 =6.053, P =0.014).Conclusions The total energy provision of PN is generally inadequate in hospitalized patients in Beijing.The key factor for reducing transfusion-related pain and enhancing PN tolerance is to establish appropriate infusion route.

Objective:To review the funding status of the National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of preventive medicine, summarize the characteristics of approved funding for sub-disciplines and institutions, to further analyze the effects of funding distribution.Methods:Descriptively analyze the funding status of the National Natural Science Foundation of China in the field of preventive medicine from 2010 to 2019, and analyze its aggregation effect by constructing a single funding strength and intensity index.Results:The project number, funding amount and number of research institutions have shown an overall upward trend. In the past 10 years, a total of 1.683 billion has been approved for funding, and the proportion in the Department of Health Sciences has remained at about 4%. Non-communicable disease epidemiology, human nutrition, and health toxicology are among the top three in terms of project number, funding amount, and number of grantee institutions. Sub-discipline funding is uneven, showing a phenomenon of development differentiation. The amount of approved funding, the number of institutions, and the strength of individual funding for universities are significantly higher than those of scientific research institutions and CDCs. The total amount of Top 10 funding accounted for 41.49%, which obviously showed a " head" effect.Conclusions:The Natural Science Foundation of China should continue to increase investment in the field of preventive medicine. Key breakthroughs in dominant disciplines, weaker disciplines make up for shortcomings, guide universities, research institutes, and CDCs to carry out inter-institutional project cooperation based on their respective advantages, and encourage interdisciplinary research to enhance discipline innovation capabilities.

Mitochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE) is characterized by significant gastrointestinal dysmotility. Early and long-term nutritional therapy is highly recommended. We report a case of MNGIE in a patient who was undergoing long-term nutrition therapy. He was diagnosed with a serious symptom of fatty liver and hyperlipidemia complications, along with homozygous mutation of the thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP) gene (c.217G > A). To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a case. Herein, we describe preventive measures for the aforementioned complications and mitochondrial disease-specific nutritional therapy.
Fatty Liver ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; Nutrition Therapy* ; Thymidine Phosphorylase

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect and toxicity of Croton tiglium L.(croton)oil on rats with cold accumulation constipation,and to clarify the toxic-effect relationship of croton oil in the treatment of cold accumulation constipation.Methods The rats were orally treated with 10%2℃activated carbon solution for 3 consecutive days to replicate the model of cold constipation.The rats were fed with croton oil on the fourth day,and then the time of first defecation and the number of defecations within 3 h were observed and recorded.HE staining was used to evaluate the general pathological conditions of the colon tissues of rats.The serum levels of interleukin(IL)-6,IL-10,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,cyclooxygenase(COX)-2,macrophage inflammatory protein(MIP)-1,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),and total protein(TP)were detected.Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88(MyD88)and nuclear transcription factor(NF)-κB P65 in colon tissues of rats.Results Croton oil could shorten the time of first defecation and increase the number of defecations within 3h in rats with cold accumulation constipation to varying degrees,and the 3.78,2.83,and 1.89 g·kg-1 croton oil group had significant statistical significance(P<0.05).HE staining results showed that compared with the model group,croton oil group could cause different degrees of inflammation and focal necrosis,goblet cell loss and lamina propria edema in the colon tissue of rats,and the 3.78 g·kg-1 croton oil group was the most serious in the colon tissue injury.In addition,compared with model group,croton oil group could increase the levels of COX-2,TNF-α and IL-6 in serum to varying degrees(P<0.05),and 3.78 g·kg-1 croton oil group had the most obvious effect.The level of MIP-1 in serum was increased in croton oil group,and the effect was significant in 3.78 g·kg-1 croton oil group(P<0.01).But croton oil group had no significant effect on serum IL-10 level of rats.The immunohistochemical results showed that the protein levels of MyD88 were increased in croton oil dose groups except 0.05 dose group,and there were significant differences in 3.78,2.83,and 1.89 g·kg-1 dose groups(P<0.05).The expression level of NF-κB p65 was enhanced in the colon of rats after croton oil treatment,and there was significant difference in 3.78 g·kg-1 croton oil group(P<0.05).In addition,compared with model group,croton dose groups had no changes in organ indexes of heart,spleen,lung,kidney and thymus(P>0.05),while liver organ indexes in1.89 and 0.94 g·kg-1 croton oil groups were significantly increased(P<0.05).The results of liver biochemical indexes showed that croton oil group did not increase the contents of ALT,AST,and TP in serum of rats,and the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).Conclusion Croton oil can exert a dose-dependent purgative effect at 3.78,2.83,and 1.89 g·kg-1,but it also induced colonic mucosal injury in rats by regulating the inflammatory response mediated by the MyD88/NF-κB pathway.At 0.94 and 0.47 g·kg-1,croton oil almost did not cause colon tissue injury in rats,but it had a weak purgative effect at this dose,suggesting that the best concentration range of croton oil in the treatment of cold accumulation constipation may be between 0.94 and 1.89 g·kg-1.