Objective:To investigate the detection rate and related factors of thyroid nodules in people with abnormal lipid metabolism.Methods:From September 4, 2016 to February 1, 2017, community residents living in Lanzhou City, Longnan City, Dingxi City and Linxia City of Gansu Province for more than 5 years were selected as the respondents. General data were recorded, venous blood was collected, blood lipid related biochemical indexes were detected, and thyroid ultrasound was performed. By comparing the general data and biochemical indexes, the detection of abnormal lipid metabolism and thyroid nodules were analyzed, and the risk factors of thyroid nodules in people with abnormal lipid metabolism were analyzed by logistic regression.Results:Two thousand and fifty-nine residents were included in this study (1 049 males and 1 010 females). The total detection rate of thyroid nodules was 23.17% (477/2 059). The detection rate of thyroid nodules in people with abnormal lipid metabolism [34.16%(151/442)] was significantly higher than that in people with normal lipid metabolism [20.16% (326/1 617) , P < 0.01], and the detection rate of thyroid nodules of women [43.37% (85/196) ] was higher than that of men [26.83% (66/246) , P < 0.01]. Among the people with abnormal lipid metabolism, the highest detection rate of thyroid nodules was in mixed hyperlipidemia [57.14% (16/28)], followed by hypertriglyceridemia [34.59% (92/266)]. The detection rates of thyroid nodules in the groups with elevated total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels [35.16% (32/91), 34.85% (23/66)] were higher than those in the marginal elevated group [27.04%(86/318), 30.42% (73/240)] and the normal groups [21.76% (359/1 650), 21.73% (381/1 753), P < 0.05]. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of thyroid nodules in people with abnormal lipid metabolism were increased age, elevated fasting blood glucose (FPG), elevated blood glucose 2 hours (2 h PG) after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) load and elevated glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c, odds ratio ( OR)=1.065, 1.387, 1.866, 1.384, P < 0.05]. Conclusions:The prevalence of TN is higher in populations with abnormal lipid metabolism. The control of blood sugar and blood lipid levels may play a role in the prevention of thyroid nodules.