Heparanase is the only one endogenous glucuronidase found in mammalian cells up to now,and can degrade the heparan sulfate which is the side chain of heparin sulfate proteoglycans existing in the extracellular matrix and basement membrane.Heparanase is considered as an ideal target for the treatment of cancer metastasis.High expression of heparanase gene was found in breast cancer,and was closely associated with tumor size and lymph node metastasis.In vitro,high level of heparanase promoter activity was found in breast cancer cells.In vivo,compared with negative control group,breast cancer cells transfected with heparanase could generate higher tumor volume,tumor weight,microvessel density and longer survival time of cancer cells.Blockage or silencing of heparanase gene expression through antisense technology or RNA interference technology could reduce the ability of adhesion and invasion of breast cancer cells,indicating that heparanase played important roles in the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer.Mechanisms involved in the regulation of heparanase in the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer are as following.Estrogen could bind to its recaptor and then affect the specific region of heparanase gene which could activate heparanase transcription and the expression of hepamnase Mrna and protein.Heparanase could increase the secretion of osteoclast-stimulating factor which could cause the osteolytic lesions in the absence of detectable bone metastasis.Heparanase could also induce circulating lymphocytes to produce stimulating factors which might promote the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer.Furthermore,p53 gene,ETS gene,EGR1 gene,PI-88 factor,and Cox-2 could also regulate the expression of heparanase gene.This article reviewed the role of heparanase in the invasion and metastasis of breast cancer and summarized the corresponding regulation mechanisms.

An overview was prepared haseed on the related articles published in recent years. The anti tumor mechanisms of AsT include: (1)inducing tumor cell apoptosis; (2)inhibiting tumor cell proliferation;and (3)inducing tumor cell differentiation.It is considesed that the study of anti tumor mechanisms of AsT in neoplasms is insufficient except for acute promyelocytic leukemia. The clinical value of AsT in neoplasm treatment is still worthy of studying.

Objective To know the pollution status and the cytotoxicity of PM2.5 in Hangzhou,Zhejiang.Methods PM2.5 was collected in the center of Hangzhou city in spring and summer in 2005,the weighting method was used for PM 2.5 collection.WI-38 cell line was used as the target and the cells were treated with PM2.5 at different doses.The cytotoxicity of PM2.5 was tested by cloning efficiency.Results According to the Air Quality Standard for PM2.5 of U.S.EPA(issued in 1997),it was showed that the rates exceeding standard of PM2.5 concentration in spring and summer were 96.7% and 90.0%,respectively,but the rates were 33.3% and 20.0% compared with the standard newly issued in 2006.WI-38 cell survival rate was 100%,99.6%,96.2%,85.0%,73.8%,54.6% and 100%,97.0%,96.9%,88.0%,83.0%,64.7% respectively when treated with PM2.5 in spring and in summer of 0,25,50,100,200,500 ?g/ml.There was a significant difference except 25 ?g/ml and 50 ?g/ml in summer.Conclusion There is an obvious PM2.5 pollution in Hangzhou,which is heavier in spring than in summer,the cytotoxicity of PM2.5 in the polluted air may be higher.

Asbestos ; adverse effects ; Environmental Exposure ; GPI-Linked Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Population Surveillance

Objective To investigate the expression of hypoxia - inducible factor -1 alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in gastric carcinoma and its clinical significance. Methods The expression was detected by immunohistochemistry method in 100 cases of gastric carcinoma tissues of patients with carcinoma and HIF-1 alpha, VEGF, VEGF test results comparing the carcinoma tissue and adjacent normal tissues, HIF-1 alpha; different differentiation degree and infiltration depth of tumor tissue of HIF-1 alpha and VEGF detection results of recurrence or metastasis;group, no recurrence or metastasis detection results of HIF-1 alpha and VEGF tumor tissue cancer group. Results The positive rate of HIF-1 expression in gastric tumor tissue of patients with cancer (60.00％), the positive expression rate of VEGF (64.00％) were significantly higher than those in adjacent normal tissues (21.00％, 14.00％), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); high ang middle differentiation, invasive depth of tumor tissue before plasma membrane positive in patients with gastric cancer the rate of VEGF, HIF-1 alpha, was low, the data had significant differences (P<0.05); the positive rate of HIF-1 alpha and VEGF expression of gastric carcinoma tumor recurrence or metastasis was found in (70.97％), the positive expression rate of VEGF (77.42％) were significantly higher than those of HIF-1 alpha and VEGF expression in patients with gastric cancer recurrence or tumor tissue the transfer of (55.07％, 57.97％), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion HIF-1 alpha and VEGF play an important role in the recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer, is an important basis for the diagnosis and prognosis of gastric cancer patients, clinicians should understand the patients with gastric cancer HIF-1 alpha and VEGF expression, so as to reduce the recurrence and metastasis rate is of important value.

The function and contents of WeChat public account service in military hospitals were found out by in-vestigating the WeChat public account, which showed that WeChat public account service is provided in more and more military hospitals, but its function should be further expanded and its management should be strengthened.

Objective To analyze the possible prognostic factors of thoracic-esophageal cancer patients with lymph node (LN) metastasis after esophagectomy plus three-field lymphadenectomy.Methods 590 esophageal cancer patients with LN metastasis after esophagectomy plus three-field lymphadenectomy were recruited from Jan.1993 to Mar.2007,and the prognostic factors and causes of postoperative failure were analyzed.Results Five-year survival in the whole sample was 29.6％.While the 5-year survival in different subgroups with 1-2,3-6 or ＞ 7 metastatic LNs were 41.2％,22.2％ and 7.0％ (x2 =62.158,P ＜0.0001),respectively.Univariate analysis showed that tumor site,disease length,T stage,number of metastatic LN and the seventh edition of AJCC staging system were prognostic factors.Multivariate analysis indicated that tumor site and number of metastatic LN were two independent prognostic factors.Conclusion Tumor site and number of metastatic LN were independent prognostic factors influencing the outcome of esophageal cancer.

Objective Evaluate the diagnostic value of PET/CT in the preoperative advanced gastric carcinoma comparing with mult;-slice spiral computed tomography. Methods Thirty-nine advanced gastric carcinoma patients taking PET/CT and abstract 40 advanced gastric carcinoma patients performing MSCT before operation,were done the TNM staging, and the Results were compared with the operation histopathology. Results For diagnosing primary lesions, regional lymph nodes, N3 lymph nodes ,PET/CT was accurate in 92.3% , 66.7% and 100.0%.Instead, MSCT was accurate in 82.0% , 50.0% and 62.5%. Conclusions (1) PET/CT and MSCT have high accuracy in diagnosing primary lesions and regional lymph nodes. But for detecting the N3 lymph nodes and distant metastasis, PET/CT has higher accuracy than MSCT. PET/CT combining abdominoscopy may decrease or avoid exploratory laparotomy.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the prognostic factors of advanced esophageal carcinoma (EPC) with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Methods A total of 200 advanced EPC patients between January 2008 and December 2011 were reviewed,and all of them received concurrent chemoradiotherapy,either IMRT or CRT.Among them,there were 92 and 108 patients in the IMRT and CRT group,respectively.The chemotherapy scheme was paclitaxel combined with different platinum drugs (cisplatin,nedaplatin,oxaliplatin or lobaplatin).The number of chemotherapy cycles was 2-4.Results Patients who received IMRT had a significant higher 3-year overall survival (OS) than that who received CRT (63.6 ％ vs 38.9 ％,x2 =12.102,P =0.001).Three-year OS differed no significantly between different chemotherapy regimens.There were 44.6 ％,57.5 ％,52.5 ％ and 52.5 ％ for those who received cisplatin,nedaplatin,oxaliplatin and lobaplatin,respectively (x2 =2.756,P =0.431).Patients received different cycles of chemotherapy had comparable treatment outcome,and the overall survival were 44.1％,51.6 ％ and 57.4 ％ for those who underwent 2,3 and 4 chemotherapy cycles at 3 years,without any statistical significance (x2 =2.497,P =0.287).Univariate analysis indicated that lesion length on X-ray,M stage,6th edition UICC staging and radiotherapy methods were the potential predictive factors.Multivariate analysis shown that gender,lesion length on X-ray and radiotherapy methods were the significant prognostic factors.Conclusion The significant prognostic factors for advanced EPC with concurrent chemoradiotherapy are mainly lesion length on X-ray and radiotherapy methods.

Objective To analyze the prognosis of advanced esophageal carcinoma treated with paclitaxel and different platinum?based chemotherapy regimens plus intensity?modulated radiotherapy ( IMRT) , and to explore an optimal chemotherapy regimen. Methods A total of 242 patients with advanced esophageal carcinoma who were admitted to our hospital and treated with paclitaxel and cisplatin ( 68 patients), nedaplatin (85 patients), lobaplatin (58 patients), or oxaliplatin (31 patients) plus IMRT from 2008 to 2014 were enrolled as subjects. The prognosis of the four groups was analyzed after 2, 3, and ≥4 cycles of chemotherapy. The survival rates were calculated by the Kaplan?Meier method and analyzed by the log?rank test. The Cox model was used for the multivariate prognostic analysis. Results The sample number of 3 years was 168 cases. In all the 242 patients, the medium survival time was 31. 1 months and the 3?year overall survival ( OS) rate was 47. 4%. There was no significant difference in the 3?year OS rate between the cispaltin, nedaplatin, lobaplatin, and oxaliplatin groups ( 46. 2% vs. 56. 4% vs. 45. 7% vs. 29. 0%, P=0. 090) . The stratified analysis showed that the cisplatin, nedaplatin, and lobaplatin groups had a significantly higher OS rate than the oxaliplatin group ( 50. 1% vs. 29. 0%, P=0. 021 ) . There was no significant difference in the 3?year OS rate between patients receiving 2, 3, and≥4 cycles of chemotherapy ( 40. 1% vs. 49. 5% vs. 50. 8%, P=0. 264) . The multivariate analysis showed that esophageal tumor volume and the maximal size of metastatic lymph node were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions Combined with IMRT, paclitaxel plus cisplatin, nedaplatin, or lobaplatin?based chemotherapy achieves improved survival rates than paclitaxel plus oxaliplatin?based chemotherapy. Esophageal tumor volume and the maximal size of metastatic lymph node are independent prognostic factors.