Background Immediately ocular rinsing is a key step for the prevention of eye tissue damage after acute chemical bums.A good ophthalmic rinsing solution can neutralize chemical substance and improve the prognosis of patients.Objective This study attempted to evaluate the therapeutic effect of self-made citric aciddisodium hydrogen phosphate buffer and citric acid-disodium hydrogen phosphate-potassium chloride buffer on corneal chemical burns in mice.Methods Citric acid-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer solution (solution 1) and citric acid-disodium hydrogen phosphate-potassium chloride buffer solution (solution2) with the pH 7.4 were prepared.One hundred and twenty clean male C57 mice aged 6-8 weeks were randomized to two groups,and filter papers containing 1 mol/L H2SO4 or 0.15 mol/L NaOH were attached to the central corneas of the right eyes to create the acid or alkali burning models.Then the eyes were immediately rinsed by 40 ml solution 1,tap water or solution 2 according to the grouping and the model eyes without rinsing served as the control group.The corneal opacity was examined by slit lamp microscope and scored in 3,7 and 14 days after modeling.The percentages of corneal fluorescein staining,corneal neovascularization and corneal ulcer were analyzed.The study protocol was approved by Experimental Animal Ethic Commission of Second Military Medical University.Results In the corneal acid burning models,the number of eye with corneal opacity scored 1 in the solution 1 group,tap water group and solution 2 group was significantly more than that in the non-rinsing group in 3,7 and 14 days after modeling (all at P＜0.01);In 3 days after modeling,the numbers of eye scored 1 were more in the solution 1 group than those in the tap water group and solution 2 group (x2 =11.000,P =0.001;x2 =4.000,P =0.046).There were no differences in the eye number of different corneal opacity scores in 14 days after acid burning (all at P＞0.05).In 3,7 and 14 days after corneal alkali burning,the number of eyes with corneal opacity scored 1-2 was significantly increased in the solution 1 group,tap water group and solution 2 group compared with non-rinsing group (all at P＜0.01).The percentage of corneal ulcer in the solution 1 group,tap water group and solution 2 group was 7％,27％ and 13％,respectively,which was significantly lower than 73％ in the non-rinsing group (P =0.000,0.027,0.003),and no significant differences were seen in various time points after corneal alkali burning (all at P＞O.05).Corneal neovascularization occurred in 50％ mice in non-rinsing group in 14 days after acid burning.However,no neovascularization was seen in the mice of the solution 1 group,tap water group and solution 2 group in both acid and alkali burning mice.Conclusions Citric aciddisodium hydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) appears to be an effective emergency rinsing solution for corneal chemical burns and the rinsing solution with or without potassium chloride is not obviously affected to the prognosis of corneal chemical burns in the mice.

Objective To evaluate the effect of oxycodone on function of GABAA receptors in dor-sal root ganglion ( DRG ) neurons of rats with neuropathic pain ( NP ) . Methods Thirty-six adult male Sprague-Dawley rats, weighing 180-220 g, aged 10 weeks, were allocated into 3 groups ( n=12 each) u-sing a random number table method: sham operation group ( group S ) , group NP and oxycodone group ( group O) . The sciatic nerve was only isolated but not ligated in group S. NP was induced by chronic con-striction injury. The sciatic nerve was exposed and 4 loose ligatures were placed on the sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 4-0 chromic catgut. Oxycodone 15μg∕kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 14 con-secutive days from ligating the sciatic nerve to satisfaction in group O. The thermal paw withdrawal latency( TWL) was measured at 1 day before establishing the model ( T0 ) and 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days after es-tablishing the model ( T1-5 ) . The rats were sacrificed after measurement of pain threshold at T5 , and DRG neurons were acutely isolated for recording the amplitude of GABAA receptors-activated currents using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. Results Compared with group S, the TWL was significantly shortened at T1-5, and the amplitude of GABAA receptors-activated currents in DRG neurons was decreased in NP and O groups (P<0. 05). Compared with group NP, the TWL was significantly prolonged at T1-5, and the ampli-tude of GABAA receptors-activated currents in DRG neurons was increased in group O ( P<0. 05) . Conclu-sion Oxycodone can enhance the function of GABAA receptors-activated currents in DRG neurons and thus enhance GABAA receptors-mediated presynaptic inhibition, which may be related to the mechanism of oxyc-odone-induced reduction of NP in rats.

Objective To explore the effect of intensive upper limb therapy assisted by a hand robot on motor function after stroke and performance in the activities of daily living.Methods Thirty-two hemiplegic stroke survivors were randomly divided into a conventional rehabilitation group (group A,n =10),a robot-assisted therapy group (group B,n=10),and a robot-assisted intensive therapy group (group C,n=12).The three groups all received routine drug therapy and daily 40 min sessions of conventional rehabilitation training 5 days a week for 4 weeks.Those in groups B and C were additionally provided with 20 min of robot-assisted therapy or 40 min of more intensive robot-assisted intensive therapy respectively.Before and after the intervention,the 3 groups were assessed using the Fugl-Meyer assessment for the upper extremities (FMA-UE),the action research arm test (ARAT) and the modified Barthel Index (MBI).Results No significant differences were observed among the 3 groups in any of the measurements before the treatment.In each group the average FMA-UE,MBI and ARAT scores had increased significantly after four weeks of treatment.The improvements in the average FMA-UE and ARAT scores were more significant in group B than in group A,while the FMA,MBI and ARAT scores suggested a significantly greater improvement in group C than in group B.Conclusion Robot assistance can help to improve upper extremity motor function after a stroke.It also has an obvious effect on improving performance in the activities of daily living.

Objective　To investigate the clinical significance of P-gp and TGFβ1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of drug-resistant epilepsy.Methods　Thirty responsive epilepsy patients were selected as sensitive group,30 cases of drug-resistant epilepsy were drug-resistant group,20 healthy persons were selected as control group.The levels of P-gp and TGFβ1 in CSF of all subjects were measured by ELISA,and the results were compared between groups.The levels of P-gp and TGFβ1 in patients with different seizure types in drug-resistant group were compared at the same time.Results　P-gp and TGFβ1 in CSF of drug-resistant group were (21.5±3.1) ng/ml and (217.3±49.6) pg/ml respectively,which were significantly higher than that of sensitive group and control group (P<0.05).The levels of P-gp and TGFβ1 in CSF were no significantly different between sensitive group and control group (P>0.05).The levels of P-gp and TGFβ1 in CSF of drug-resistant epilepsy patients with different seizure types had no significant difference (P>0.05).Conclusion　The levels of P-gp and TGFβ1 in CCSF can be used as an important detection marker for drug-resistant epilepsy of different seizure types.