Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)is a chronic disease characterized by progressive destruction of intrahepatic small bile ducts, which may progress to liver cirrhosis.Anti-mitochondrial antibodies,especially anti-M2 antibody,have a high diagnostic value for PBC, but they are unrelated to the severity and prognosis of the disease and are negative in some patients.There have been reports from around the world that anti-nuclear antibodies,especially anti-gp210 antibody,are closely associated with PBC.It showed that anti-gp210 antibody has high specificity and sensitivity for the diagnosis of PBC,especially for the patients with negative anti-M2 antibody tests;in addition,it has a high predictive value for the prognosis and development model of the disease.Anti -gp210 antibody has a high diagnostic value for PBC,with great clinical significance,so its detection holds promise for clinical application.

Objective To investigate the application of hysterosalpingography (HSG)with iopromide in diagnosing female infer-tility.Methods 549 infertile women had performed HSG with iopromide,and X-ray images were analyzed retrospectively.Results Prevalence of uterine hypoplasia in primary infertility was higher in the minority than in the ethnic Han.Tubal obstruction was more common than hydrosalpinx and severe fimbria adhension.92.3% of the infertile women had pelvic inflammation disease.The dose of iopromide could be increased in need.Conclusion Prevalence of uterine hypoplasia is different as ethnic difference.Obstruction is the most common factor in tubal infertility.It is safe to use iopromide in HSG.

Objective To explore the distributions of C AG polymorphisms of androgen receptor gene in Chinese population and the relatio nship with prostate cancer (CaP). Methods The number of CAG repeats were measured in 105 cases with CaP and 190 matched case-control b y PCR、DHPLC and Sequencing analysis,and its association with the susceptibility to CaP. Results The average number of CAG repeats was 2 2.7 in CaP and 23.3 in control group ( P =0.22).Men with CAG repeats lengt h less than 22 may be in high risk of prostate cancer (odds ratio,2.39;95%CI 1.1 9～4.81, P =0.012),compared with men CAG repeats length of 22 or more. Conclusions A less CAG repeat length (

Cell apoptosis is an important biological process. It plays an essential role on cell growth and response for outside stimulations. This review focused on the recent advancement of apoptotic signal transduction, enzymological mechanisms, the function of mitochondria in cell apoptosis as well as the regulation of genes.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelo-ureterolithotomy. Methods Totally 52 cases of unilateral urinary calculi were treated with retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelo-ureterolithotomy in our hospital. All the patients received placement of ureteral stent during the operation. Results All the operations were completed successfully without conversion to open surgery. The time of the operation varied from 50 to 200 minutes with a mean of 110 minutes. The patients were discharged from hospital in 5 to 14 days (mean,7.5 days). Eight weeks after the operation,the stent was withdrawn from the patients. Follow-up was achieved in all of the patients for six months. Ultrasonography showed that the hydronephrosis disappeared in 21 cases at 3 months,and in 32 patients at 6 months. None of the cases had recurrence. ECT showed an increased GFR in eight patients with severe hydronephrosis (increased from a mean of 16 ml/min before the operation to 25 ml/min). Conclusions Retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelo-ureterolithotomy is effective,safe,and less invasive for the calculi in the renal pelvic and upper ureter.

Objective Retrospectively evaluate low dose computed tomography (CT) as part of a combined 18F-NaF positron emission tomography (18F-NaFPET/CT) examination in lung cancer patients suspected of bone metastases. Methods 118 of 122 lesions with increased uptake of 18F-NaF were assessed. Characteristics of bone metastases on CT images were reviewed by radiologists. Results 27 of 47 metastases presented as sites of increased uptake with corresponding lytic or sclerotic changes on low dose CT. Other 20 show normal or non-specific appearing bone on CT. Most benign lesions (67 of 71,94%)have a benign appearance on low-dose CT. Conclusions Low dose CT images were useful in precisely diagnosing bone metastasis. Negative low dose CT appearance to the abnormal foci on PET may be a reliable sign of metastases.

Objective: To learn the characteristics of injury cases caused by animals in Wenzhou and to provide the reference for injury prevention. Methods: We collected the data of injury cases caused by animals in six sentinel hospitals in Wenzhou from 2016 to 2018,and analyzed the animal species,the severity and the location of injury. We conducted circular distribution method for the seasonal distribution features of injury cases. Results: There were 3 743 cases caused by animals in Wenzhou from 2016 to 2018,with 2 045（54.64%）males and 1 698（45.36%）females. About 43.68%（1 635）of cases were 15-44 years old. About 31.66%（1 185）of cases were students and preschool children. There were 2 445 cases（65.32%）caused by dog and 3 212 cases（85.81%）occurred at home. The results of circular distribution analysis showed that the third quarter of a year was the peak time of injuries caused by animals（Z=251.32,P<0.05）,with 1 342 cases accounting for 35.85%. Conclusion Most injury cases in Wenzhou caused by animals are caused by dogs and occur at home in summer,affecting children and young adults.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have confirmed that the extracellular matrix of acellular cartilage can effectively promote the repair and regeneration of articular cartilage defects, and has a good repair effect, but its mechanism of promoting regeneration has not been elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the regulation of phenotypic polarization of mouse macrophage cell line by extracellular matrix scaffolds derived from pigs. METHODS: Using pig knee articular cartilage as raw material, the decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix scaffold was prepared by wet grinding, differential centrifugation, and freeze drying. The mouse RAW264.7 macrophage cell line was inoculated on the decellularized cartilage extracellular matrix scaffold to construct a cell-scaffold complex, which induced polarization in vitro for 4 days. Cell adhesion was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and cell growth was observed with dead/viable cells. Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the expression of CD86, a characteristic surface marker of M1type macrophages, and CD206, a characteristic surface marker of M2-type macrophages, and to clarify the polarization induction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy showed that the macrophages in the complex were originally round or quasi round, arranged along the tube of the scaffold, and widely distributed on the surface and internal structure of the scaffold. (2) Dead/live cell staining showed that most of the cells attached to the scaffold were living cells, with only a few dead cells. (3) Immunofluorescence staining showed that the M2 type macrophage marker CD206 in the complex was 80% highly expressed. The positive expression of CD86 the marker of M1 type macrophages was scarce. (4) The results show that the porcine-derived acellular cartilage extracellular matrix scaffold can induce polarized M0 type macrophages to repair M2 type macrophages.

Objective To investigate the association between the polymorphism of CYP17 gene and the risk of prostate cancer. Methods A case control study including 125 prostate cancer patients and 158 age matched controls was conducted.The polymorphism was investigated by PCR using DNA from peripheral blood lymphocytes. The transition (T→C) in the risk allele (A2) produced a new recognition site for the restriction enzyme MspA1.Three genotypes of CYP17 gene (A1/A1,A1/A2,A2/A2) were determined and confirmed by sequencing. Results The frequency of the A2 allele was similar in the cases and controls.Compared with men with A1/A1 genotype, the odds ratios were 1.19 and 1.28 for the A1/A2 and A2/A2 genotypes,respectively.However,stratification by age of prostate cancer cases revealed that among prostate cancer cases older than 69 years,the odds ratio was 3.97 and 3.21 for the A1/A2 and A2/A2 genotypes ( P =0.007,0.023,respectively).Meanwhile,comparison among 3 subgroups (division by genotypes) of controls,the fPSA and tPSA levels were not significantly different. Conclusions These results indicate that A2 allele does not increase the risk of prostate cancer in Chinese. But in men older than 69 years,A1/A2 and A2/A2 genotypes predict susceptibility to prostate cancer. It is suggested that CYP17 gene may be associated with the morbidity of prostate cancer in elderly male population.

Objective To investigate the advantage of the intensity-modulated radiotherapy treatment (IMRT) by allowing dose heterogeneity in the target volume in esophageal cancer treatment planning.Methods Two sets of 5-field IMRT planning were designed for 10 esophageal cancer patients upon the condition of appropriate clinical tolerance level with the prescription dose of 60 Gy to 95% of the planned target volume (PTV) and the maximum dose of 45 Gy to the spinal cord:the IMRT with rigid restriction of the maximum homogeneous dose to the PTV within 63 Gy prescribing a homogeneous dose ( IMRThom ) and the IMRT allowing dose heterogeneity by loosening the constraints on maximum dose in the PTV to 69 Gy ( IMRTinhom ).Dosimetric comparison was conducted by using dose-volume histograms.Results Compared to IMRThom, the minimum dose (t = -3.37,P =0.012), maximum dose (t = - 23.58,P = 0.000), mean dose ( t = - 4.95, P = 0.002 ), and heterogeneity index ( t = - 11.06, P =0.000) in PTV of the IMRTinhom were all significantly increased, and the values of V5 (t = 6.96, P =0.000), V10(t=5.24,P=0.001) , V15(t=4.73,P=0.002) , V20(t=8.08,P=0.000) , V25(t=8.58,P = 0.000), and mean dose (t = 7.28,P = 0.000) of the normal lungs were all significantly lower.There were no significant differences in all the indexes for the mean dose to the heart and maximum dose to the spinal cord between these 2 set of planning.Conclusions The IMRT plan allowing dose heterogeneity in the PTV escalates the prescription dose and decreases the doses to the lungs.