To study the mechanism of human chronic renal allograft rejection, kidney tissues were taken from 16 patients with chronic renal allograft rejection and from 5 healthy subjects, and underwent the frazed section staining for ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 to anti-ICAM-1 and anti-VCAM-1 respectively by using immunohistochemistry(ABC).The results showed that there were differ-ent distribution of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression in nomal kidney and renal allograft during chronic rejection.It was suggested that ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 might play an important role in the pathogenesis of human chronic renal allograft rejection.

AIM: To evaluate the influence of radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia on immunity function in mice. METHODS: The expression pattern of T helper type 1 (Th1) and T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokines in splenocyte culture supernatants, mainly the expression levels of IFN-?, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in splenocyte culture supernatants of mice in tumor-bearing group, surgical resection group, RF therapy group and normal control group were detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: IL-2 concentration in two weeks after RF therapy group was higher than that in two weeks after surgical resection and normal control groups (P0.05). CONCLUSION: RF hyperthermia may activate the transformation from Th2 to Th1 and facilitate the excretion of Th1 type cytokines that play an important role in the anti-tumor immunity.

Objective To explore the clinical manifestation and therapeutic effect of children's oral mucosa factitious ulcer.It aims to improve the diagnosis and therapy level of such ulcer.Method 36 cases with children's ulcer symptoms and mental attitudes were observed.Tothlcases and were divided into 3 groups.Group 1:Take medicine(Inosine Pill 0.2,Vitamin B6 Pill 10 mg)3 times a day;use EGF spray for some part,together with psyehotherapy for 1 month.Group 2:Adopt orthodontics to correct factitious habit and use psychotherapy.Group 3:Group 1+Group 2.Trackingrandomly for 1 month,3 months,half a year,1 year,check the therapeutic and ulcer healing-up progress by further consultation.Result According to 36 cases,boys are more vulnerable to such disease.They tend to bite cheek,tongue,lips.Ulcer used to happen on tongue brim mucosa,quantity 1～3,size 0.2～1.8 cm,irregular appearance,white keratosis surrounding,priority therapy is to correct factitious habit.15 cases(41.67%)healed,9 cases(25.00%)showed good result,10 cases(27.57%)were efficacious,2 cases(2.78%)ineffective.The thempeutic effect of Group 3 is much better than Group 1 and Group 2.Conclusion The diagnostic importance of such disease is factitious habit.Correct factitious habit and psychotherapy are the important therapeutic methods.This disease can be the oral manifestation of children's Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.

Objective:To study the diagnostic value of combined detection of IAA,ICA and GADA in the classification of diabetes mellitus.Methods:30 cases of patients with type 1 diabetes who were treated in our hospital from June 2015 to June 2016 were selected as A group,60 cases of patients with type 2 diabetes were selected as B group,50 cases of healthy people were selected as C group.The IAA,ICA and GADA of the three groups were detected by ELISA,and the positive rate of the three groups were compared.Results:The fasting glucose of A group was (10.12± 3.68) mmol/L,B group was (11.23± 3.26) mmol/L,A group and B group were significantly higher than that of C group (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between A group and B group (P＞0.05);the positive rates of GADA,ICA and IAA in A group and B group were significantly higher than those in C group (P＜0.05),and the positive rates of GADA,ICA and IAA in A group were significantly higher than those in B group (P＜0.05);the sensitivity and specificity of combined detection of IAA,ICA and GADA in type 2 and type 1 diabetes mellitus were significantly higher than that in the single test (P＜0.05).Conclusions:The combined detection of IAA,ICA and GADA has a high diagnostic value in the classification of diabetes mellitus,which is worth clinical application.

Objective To investigate precise and regulable animal model of benign bile duct strictures.Methods Mini pigs were divided into four groups as sham surgery group, conventional surgery group, small caliber group and large caliber group according to random number table, with 6 pigs in each group.For the small caliber group, outside diameter 3.0mm catheter were inserted into bile duct and partial sutured.For the large caliber group, outside diameter 6.0mm catheter were inserted into bile duct and partial sutured.Conventional surgery group were treated with 5-0 absorbable suture on distal bile duct and controlled stricture severity visually.For sham surgery group, bile duct were exposed without suture.Observe the general condition of four groups.Test liver function on 1st, 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day postoperative.Perform cholangiography on 30th day postoperative.All four groups were put to death to observe the histological changes of liver and bile duct.Results Liver function of sham surgery group showed no obvious change during observation.On 28th day postoperative, compared to conventional surgery group, the liver enzymes ALT, AST, γ-GT, ALP, bilirubin level of small caliber group elevated(P<0.05)and the liver enzymes ALT, AST, γ-GT, bilirubin level of large caliber group elevated(P<0.05),while ALP level lowered(P<0.05).Cholangiography showed bile duct stenosis of different degree on 6 pigs of small caliber group with average diameter 2.7mm (from 2mm to 4mm).As for large caliber group, 5 pigs showed stenosis with average diameter 5.5mm (from 5mm to 7mm).3 pigs of conventional surgery group showed no obvious bile duct stenosis.The 6 pigs of sham surgery group showed no bile duct stenosis.According to designed stenosis standard, the success rate of small caliber group and large caliber group are both higher than conventional surgery group.(P<0.05).30 days after surgery, all 6 pigs of small caliber group had postoperative intraperitoneal adhesion, hepatomegaly, obvious expansion of intrahepatic bile duct and gallbladder expanded by 4~5 times.5 pigs of large caliber group had hepatomegaly, slight dilation of intrahepatic bile duct, obvious expansion of gallbladder, clear choledochal edema, sutured tissue thickening and visible bile duct stenosis.HE staining with the small caliber group showed hepatocyte spotty degenerative necrosis, expanded cholestatic intrahepatic small bile duct, swelling hepatocyte and fibrous septa.HE staining with the large caliber group showed intrahepatic small bile duct slightly expanded and hepatocyte arranged basically normal.VG staining with the small caliber group showed excessive accumulaton of collagen fibers outside bile duct mucous cells, randomly and densely arranged and irregularly shaped.VG staining with the large caliber group showed increased collagen fibers in bile duct submucosa, densely and banded arranged.Conclusion This animal model of mini pig is an relatively ideal large animal model of biliary stricture with high surgical success rate and few postoperative complications.

Objective To observe the morphological structures of WHBE rabbit brain in vivo based on 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging system (MRI), accumulate the basic biological data of WHBE rabbit brain imaging, and provide a background information to further expand the WHBE rabbit application.Methods Nine healthy adult male WHBE rabbits were intravenously anesthetized with 3% pentobarbital sodium.3.0 T MRI plus rabbit brain dedicated coil was used to perform routine transverse and sagittal scans, and the size of brain structures were measured.Results MRI scanning can be successfully performed to obtain sagittal and transverse T2WI or T1WI images of WHBE rabbit brain in vivo, and can be clearly observed the basic structures of WHBE rabbit brains in vivo, such as olfactory bulb, cerebrum, cerebellum and pituitary gland.In addition, high signal was found in the hippocampus of the left and right temporal lobes in 4 rabbits with T2WI, but also low signal appeared in the corresponding regions in T1WI, and the others were not abnormal.Meanwhile, the reference data of frontal lobe, hippocampus, cerebrum, lateral ventricles, pituitary gland and other related anatomical structures were also obtained.Conclusions Using the 3.0 T magnetic resonance imaging system and rabbit brain coil,the morphological and anatomical structures of rabbit brain can be clearly observed, and the basic imaging data of WHBE rabbits brain have been established preliminarily.

AIM: To investigate the role of nuclear factor ?B (NF-?B) in the induction of IL-8 gene by TNF-? in colon cancer cells and the effect of antioxidant on the induction of IL-8. METHODS: ELISA was used to detect the concentrations of IL-8. IL-8 mRNA was analyzed by using RT-PCR. NF-?B in the cell nuclei was detected with electrophoretic mobility shift assay. RESULTS: (1) IL-8 production and IL-8 mRNA expression induced by TNF-? was blocked by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC). (2) TNF-? triggered the activation and translocation of NF-?B and PDTC inhibited the activation of NF-?B induced by TNF-?. CONCLUSION: The induction of IL-8 gene and protein by TNF-? is dependent on the activation of NF-?B. Antioxidants may inhibit the induction of IL-8 gene and protein through inhibiting NF-?B activation.

Objective To establish a rabbit model of facial skin lifting and to evaluate the skin lifting effects of absorbable soft tissue plastic belt, and to provide experimental basis for clinical application of this plastic belt.Methods 36 Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into model control group (n=6) and plastic belt lifting group (n=30). The model control group received only facial skin resection surgery, while the plastic belt lifting group had facial skin resection and plastic belt implantation.The changes of rabbit general status, skin lifting effects, performance of plastic belt and pathological changes of subcutaneous tissue after implantation were determined during the 4 weeks after surgery. Results The rabbit skin wound was healed within 3-7 days after surgery without infection.Meanwhile, the plastic belts did not show shifting or rupture, and only whitening around the perforations was observed in the two groups.Compared with the model control group, the MA and MB distances in the plastic belt lifting group were significantly lower ( P<0.01 ) , while the biological tension of plastic belts in the facial skin lifting rabbit models was significantly increased with the extension of time after implantation (P<0.01), and the biological tension was 18.62 N at 4 weeks after transplantation. In addition, the tensile intensities of perforations and plate in the two groups were significantly reduced at 4 weeks postoperatively (P<0.01), the tensile intensity of perforations and plate in the two groups were maintained at 35.07 N and 53.31 N, respectively, and the perforations/plate tensile intensity ratio of the two groups remained unchanged during 4 weeks after transplantation ( P >0.05 ) .Moreover, the molecular weight ( Mw ) , peak molecular weight ( Mp ) , Z molecular weight (Mz) and viscosity were gradually decreased along with the time passing after implantation (P<0.01), and its dispersion Mz/Mw ratio was also gradually decreased from 2 weeks after implantation (P<0.01), and no obvious pathological changes were found after subcutaneous implantation of the plastic belts.Conclusions We have successfully established a facial skin lifting rabbit model, and the plastic belt can obviously lift the facial skin fascia system and keep intact more than 4 weeks in the body.Therefore, this plastic belt can be applied for anti-wrinkle facial soft tissue lifting against the skin damage caused by aging.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) assessment of fatty liver and choose a cut-off value of hepatic steatosis more than 5%.

METHODSConsecutive patients, 18 years or older, who had undergone percutaneous liver biopsy and CAP measurement were recruited from five liver healthcare centers in China. All enrollees were categorized as hepatic steatosis grade S0 (<5%) or S1 (5%). An M-probe equipped FibroScan 502 was used to capture CAP values. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted, and the areas under (AU) the curves were calculated to determine the diagnostic efficacy. The CAP cut-off values at the optimal thresholds were defined by maximum Youden indices; sensitivity and specificity were also calculated.

RESULTSA total of 332 patients were enrolled in the study, including 67 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and 265 with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) viru: infection. The median age (inter quartile range, IQR) of the study cohort was 39.0 (32.0-50.5) years-old. There were 46 males (68.7%) in the NAFLD group, with a median age of 37.0 (28.0-45.0) years-old, and 182 males (68.7%) in the CHB group; the differences between the two groups in median age and male: female ratio did not reach statistical significance. Multivariate linear regression analysis identified steatosis grade and body mass index (BMI) as independently associated with CAP. The median (IQR) CAP values among patients with S0 and S1 grade steatosis were 215.0 (190.0-241.0) dB/m and 294.0 (255.0-325.5) dB/m (P<0.001), respectively. For all patients, when BMI was <25 kg/m2, the ability of the AUROC of the CAP to discriminate hepatic steatosis more than or equal to 5% was 0.853, and the optimal cut-off value was 244.5 dB/m; however, when BMI≥25 kg/m2, the AUROC was 0.835 and the optimal cut-off value 269.5 dB/m.

CONCLUSIONCAP can identify hepatic steatosis more than or equal to 5% and is applicable for the diagnosis of fatty liver if it is adjusted for BMI.

Adult ; Area Under Curve ; Bile ; Biopsy ; Body Mass Index ; China ; Fatty Liver ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; Humans ; Linear Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; ROC Curve ; Tissue Extracts

Objective To compare the differences in the intestinal microflora of WHBE rabbit and JW rabbit models of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). Methods 16 WHBE rabbits and 16 JW rabbits were randomly divided into normal control(NC)group and IBS model group, respectively(n=8). The diarrhea-predominant IBS model was established by wet-heat stress combined with intragastric gavage of senna decoction. The abdominal circumference index,water content of feces and colonic transit function were observed. After sacrifice,colon tissue samples were taken for histopathological examination and colon contents for intestinal flora diversity analysis. Results Compared with the NC group,the IBS model rabbits showed an increased abdominal circumference index and fecal water content,and a shortened colon transit time, but no obvious pathological changes were observed in the colon tissues. Meanwhile, the Shannon index and Chao1 index of IBS model rabbits were significantly decreased(P<0.05). According to the result of OTU classification analysis,Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes are the dominant bacteria in the intestinal microflora of rabbits. Compared with the NC group, the Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Chloroflexi, Akkermansia, and Streptococcus in the WHBE rabbit IBS model group were significantly reduced(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while Bacteroidetes and rc4-4 significantly increased(P < 0.05, P < 0.01). However, in the JW rabbit IBS model group, Eubacterium and Subdoligranulum were significantly increased(P< 0.05),while Lactobacillus,Coprobacter,Veillonella and Streptococcus were markedly decreased(P<0.05). Compared with the JW rabbit NC group,the abundance of Firmicutes,Odoribacter, Veillonella,Streptococcus,Oscillospira and Pseudoflavonifractor were significantly decreased(P<0.05, P<0.01), but Bacteroidetes,Verrucomicrobia,Eubacterium,Akkermansia and Coprobacter were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01)in the WHBE rabbit NC group. Compared with the JW rabbit IBS model group, the abundance of rc4-4, Bacteroidetes,Coprobacter and Clostridium were significantly higher(P < 0.05, P < 0.01), while the Firmicutes, Dorea, Coprococcus and Subdoligranulum were significantly lower(P <0.05)in the WHBE rabbit IBS model group. Conclusions There is an intestinal microflora imbalance in rabbits with IBS, resulting in a decrease of microflora diversity. The changes of intestinal microflora in the WHBE rabbits and JW rabbits with IBS have their own characteristics, and have apparent differences.