Objective To compare the difference of procalcitonin (PCT)level between serum and plasma in children so as to in-vestigate whether ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid dipotassium (EDTA-K2 )anti-coagulation plasma could replace serum to be an al-ternative material for PCT testing.Methods The PCT concentrations in the serum and EDTA-K2 anti-coagulation plasma from 90 children patients were detected by using the mini-VIDS-GB automatic enzyme linked fluorescence analyzer and the plasma PCT au-tomatic quantitative detection method.The correlation between the two sets of data was analyzed.And the data were assigned into the 3-level groups for conducting statistic analysis.At the same time the influence of child′s age and gender on the PCT level was al-so discussed.Results The PCT level in serum was well correlated with that in EDTA-K2 anti-coagulation plasma (r=0.812,P <0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in PCT levels between serum and plasma measured in the low level groups (P >0.05).However,the differences of the PCT levels between serum and EDTA-K2 anti-coagulation plasma in the middle level group and high level group were statistically significant (P <0.05).Child′s gender and age have significant effect on the PCT level. Conclusion There is statistically significant difference between serum and plasma PCT detection levels in children,which has an important guiding role for further systematic study of PCT level difference in serum and EDTA-K2 anticoagulation plasma and its clinical significance.

The guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis published by the American Thyroid Association (ATA) in 2016,complement and improve the 2011 edition guidelines.The new guidelines put more emphases on the differential diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis;indications of treatment methods including antithyroid drugs (ATD),131I and surgery were revised;a new therapeutic strategy was also put forward for the hyperthyroidism patients being to undergo emergency thyroid surgery.More researches in Asia were included,which provided a certain value for the revision of Chinese guidelines.This article mainly interprets the suggestions for the surgical diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism in 2016 ATA guidelines.

Objective: To investigate the effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) monoclonal anti-body on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in rats with pulmonary fibrosis induced by silica dust. Methods: A total of 48 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into intervention group, silica dust exposure group, and control group, with 16 rats in each group. The rats in the intervention group were given intratracheal injection of 50 mg silicon dioxide dust once to establish a rat model and then treated with subcutaneously injected TNF-α monoclonal antibody 15 mg/kg for 5 consecutive days at 2-6 days after the establishment of the model. The rats in the silica dust exposure group were treated with the same method to establish the model and then given subcutaneous injection of the same volume of normal saline. The rats in the control group were given intratracheal and subcutaneous injection of normal saline. In both groups, 8 rats each were sacrificed at 7 and 14 days after the establishment of the model. Hematoxylin-eosin staining or Masson staining was used to observe morphological changes in lung tissue, ELISA was used to measure the serum level of TNF-α, IHC was used to measure the expression of NF-κBp65 in lung tissue, Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of I-κB in lung tissue, and RT-qPCR was used to measure the transcriptional level of iNOS mRNA in lung tissue. Results: Compared with the control group, the silica dust exposure group had significant increases in the lung inflammation score (3.375±1.061 and 2.500±0.535) , serum TNF-α level (86.405±20.494 and 77.064±11.829) , absorbance of cells with positive NF-κBp65 in lung tissue (0.297±0.05 and 0.287±0.039) , and mRNA expression of iNOS (12.906±0.590 and 12.600±0.517) at 7 and 14 days after dust exposure, a significant increase in pulmonary fibrosis score at 14 days (3.250±0.707) , and significant reductions in the protein expression of I-κB at 7 and 14 days (0.579±0.141 and 0.748±0.081) (P<0.05) . Compared with the silica dust exposure group, the intervention group had significant reductions in the lung inflammation score at 7 days (2.375±1.061) , pulmonary fibrosis score at 14 days (2.375±1.061) , serum level of TNF-α at 7 and 14 days (66.565±19.850 and 58.734±16.335) , absorbance of cells with positive NF-κBp65 in lung tissue at 7 and 14 days (0.248±0.028 and 0.238±0.027) , and mRNA expression of iNOS at 7 and 14 days (11.656±0.405 and 12.025±0.618) , as well as significant increases in the protein expression of I-κB at 7 and 14 days (0.802±0.165 and 0.888±0.144) (P<0.05) . Conclusion TNF-α monoclonal antibody can inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway and down-regulate the expression of iNOS, and thus exerts a certain protective effect on lung tissue in rats with pulmonary fibrosis induced by silica dust.

Objective To determine the value of using B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and D-dimer in preliminary recognition of cardioembolic stroke patients.Methods A mutilple-center study was conducted in Foshan Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and its affiliated hospitals from July 2015 to July 2016.In the emergency departments (EDs),emergency physicians prospectively assessed consecutive adult patients with acute cardioembolic stroke and measured plasma BNP by POCT platform on admission,then followed up.Stroke neurologists evaluated patients' functional outcome at hospital discharge and also made discharge diagnosis and stroke etiologic subtypes according to the TOAST criteria.Results In this study,290 acute ischemic stroke patients met the study criteria [mean age (68.41 ± 12.06) years;53.8％ female].Of the enrolled patients,28.3％ were diagnosed with LAA at discharge,17.9％ with CE,42.8％ with SAO,11.0％ with SOE or SUE.And the mean BNP concentration was significantly higher in the CE group than that in other three subtypes (P ＜ 0.001).After adjustment for multiple clinical predictors like gender,age,coronary artery disease,atrial fibrillation and renal function,BNP and D-dimer were associated with CE [BNP OR:1.044 (95％ CI 1.025,1.064),P ＜ 0.001;D-dimer OR:1.511(95％ CI 1.020,2.238),P =0.039,respectively].Conclusion Through POCT technique in the EDs,cardioembolic stroke patients can be differentiated from other TOAST subtypes.BNP with/without D-dimer has good but different corresponding diagnostic performance in preliminary recognition of cardioembolic stroke patients.

Objective:To evaluated the safety and feasibility of dissection of lymph nodes posterior to right recurrent laryngeal nerve (ⅥB compartment) in endoscopic thyroidectomy through gasless axillary posterior approach.Methods:A total of 350 cases with right lobe papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) who underwent endoscopic lobectomy, isthmusectomy and central compartment neck dissection via gasless axillary posterior approach based at the Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University from June 2020 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Summarize the clinical, pathological characteristics, and postoperative complications of the patients. SPSS 25.0 was used for statistical analysis of the data.Results:All 350 patients underwent endoscopic surgery successfully, with no conversion to open surgery. There were 303 females and 47 males, with an average age of (36.3±9.2) years. Of those, 287 patients were in pT1a stage, 62 in pT1b stage, and one patient in pT2 stage. There was no T3 or T4 stage patient. The mean numbers of yielded lymph nodes in right central compartment and ⅥB compartment were 8.11±4.65 (range, 1-31) and 2.62±1.86 (range, 1-12), respectively. ⅥB compartment metastasis was detected in 52 (14.86%) of 350 patients. The incidence of transient recurrent laryngeal nerve injury was 0.86%(3/350). Postoperative hematoma occurred in three patients (0.86%).Conclusion:The dissection of ⅥB compartment in endoscopic thyroidectomy through gasless axillary posterior approach is safe and feasible in selected PTC patients

Objective To explore the related risk factors of hypokalemia in elderly patients with acute cerebral hemorrhage(ACH),and construct a risk prediction model based on logistic regres-sion.Methods A total of 190 elderly ACH patients treated in Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chi-nese Medicine from June 2022 to May 2024 were enrolled as study objects,and were divided into hypokalemic group(potassium＜3.5 mmol/L,n=51)and normal group(potassium 3.5-5.5 mmol/L,n=139)according to whether hypokalemia occurred.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors of hypokalemia in the elderly ACH patients.Based on the identified risk factors,a comprehensive index model was constructed.ROC curve was drawn to analyze the diag-nostic value of the index for occurrence of hypokalemia in the patients.Results Larger female ra-tio,higher NIHSS score at admission,elevated urea nitrogen and blood creatinine at admission,and higher glomerular filtration rate(GFR)≤60 ml/min,and ratio of using hydrochlorothiazide＞20 mg/d were observed in the hypokalemic group than the normal group(P＜0.01).Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that female,NIHSS score at admission,urea nitrogen at ad-mission,serum creatinine at admission,GFR ≤60 ml/min,and hydrochlorothiazide dose＞20 mg/d were risk factors for hypokalemia in the ACH patients(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Multivariate lo-gistic regression analysis indicated that female,NIHSS score at admission,GFR ≤60 ml/min,and hydrochlorothiazide dose＞20 mg/d were independent risk factors for hypokalemia in the elderly ACH patients(OR=6.393,95％CI:2.138-19.112,P=0.001;OR=3.123,95％CI:2.161-4.513,P=0.000;OR=3.327,95％CI:1.137-9.736,P=0.028;OR=3.111,95％CI:1.083-8.933,P=0.035).ROC curve analysis revealed that the AUC values of female,NIHSS score at admission,GFR,hydrochlorothiazide dose and comprehensive index in predicting hypokalemia in elderly ACH patients were 0.621,0.897,0.601,0.613 and 0.857,with a sensitivity of 52.90％,76.50％,49.00％,54.90％and 72.50％,and a specificity of 71.20％,88.50％,71.20％,67.60％and 87.80％,respectively.Conclusion Female,NIHSS score at admission,GFR ≤60 ml/min,and hydrochlorothiazide dose＞20 mg/d may affect the occurrence of hypokalemia in elderly ACH pa-tients,and our comprehensive index model based on these risk factors has high performance in predicting the occurrence of hypokalemia in elderly ACH patients.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical efficacy and safety of Da Chaihutang （DCH） for the treatment of sepsis with Yang syndrome. MethodsA total of 70 patients suffering from sepsis with Yang syndrome were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group， with 35 cases in each group. They both received standard Western medicine treatment. The observation group was additionally given a dose of DCH， which was boiled into 100 mL and taken twice. The control group was additionally given an equal volume and dosage of warm water. The intervention lasted for three days. The 28-day all-cause mortality and the changes in the following indicators before and after intervention were compared between the two groups， including sequential organ failure assessment （SOFA）， acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ （APACHE Ⅱ） score，white blood cell （WBC），the percentage of neutrophils （NEU%），C-reactive protein （CRP），procalcitonin （PCT），alanine transaminase （ALT），aspartate transaminase （AST），total bilirubin （TBil），creatinine （Cr），blood urea nitrogen （BUN），acute gastrointestinal injury （AGI） grade，gastrointestinal dysfunction score （GDS），serum intestinal fatty acid-binding protein （iFABP）， citrulline （CR），platelet （PLT），prothrombin time（PT），activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT），fibrinogen （Fib），international normalized ratio （INR），and D-dimer （D-D）. ResultsThere was no significant difference between the two groups regarding 28-day all-cause mortality. After the intervention，SOFA，WBC，PCT，and Cr were significantly decreased， and PLT was significantly increased in the control group （P<0.05）. SOFA，APACHE Ⅱ，NEU%，CRP，PCT，ALT，AST，Cr，BUN，AGI grade，GDS，and serum iFABP and CR were significantly improved in the observation group （P<0.05）. After the intervention，APACHE Ⅱ，PCT，AGI grade，GDS，and serum iFABP in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ，while CR and PLT were higher （P<0.05，P<0.01）. There were significant differences regarding the gap of SOFA，APACHE Ⅱ，AST，TBil，AGI grade，GDS，iFABP，CR， and PLT between the two groups （P<0.05，P<0.01）. There were slight differences regarding PT，APTT，Fib，INR，and D-D between the two groups，which were in the clinical normal range. ConclusionOn the basis of Western medicine， DCH helped to reduce sepsis severity and improved multiple organ dysfunction with high clinical efficacy and safety， but further research on its impact on the prognosis of patients with sepsis is still required.