Objective To investigate the effect of protamine(PS)coated polylactic acid(PLA)nanocapsule on the immune response of murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells(BMDCs).Methods PLA nanocapsules were prepared by W1/O/W2 method.Protamine was used to modify the surface of PLA nanocapsule that encapsulated ovalbumin(OVA),a model anti-gen.The prepared OVA/PLA/PS nanocapsules were used to stimulate BMDCs.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the ex-pression of surface molecules CD80,CD83,CD86,MHCⅠ,and MHC Ⅱ,and the uptake of nanocapsule.The levels of IL-12 p70 secreted by BMDCs were detected by ELISA.Results OVA/PLA/PS nanocapsules could significantly up-regulate the expres-sion of CD80,CD83,MHCⅠ,and MHC Ⅱ in BMDCs,and increase the secretion of IL-12 p70 by BMDCs.Furthermore,OVA/PLA/PS nanocapsules could enhance the uptake efficiency of OVA by BMDCs.Conclusion OVA/PLA/PS nanocapsule can en-hance the immune response of BMDCs,and may become a good drug delivery carrier.

Objective Study the early and midterm results of a technique-total aortic arch replacement without using extracorporeal circulation or aortic bypass for the treatment of aortic aneurismal disease involving the transverse aortic arch and proximal descending aorta. Methods Between April and November 2004, 7 consecutive patients with true (n = 3) or false (n =4) aortic aneurysm underwent this procedure. The mean follow-up was 6. 6 years. The median age at operation was 57years ( range 23 to 75 years). Normothermia general anesthesia and median sternotomy combined with left anterior thoracotomy were administered. A partially occluding clamp was placed on ascending aorta and a longitude aortic incision was made. Anastomosis of a branched graft to ascending aorta in an end-to-side fashion was commenced. The descending aorta distal to the aneurysm was occluded and transected, and anastomosed to the distal end of the branched graft in an end-to-end fashion. Finally,the arch vessels were divided and anastomosed to the branches of the graft and the aneurysm excised. Results The average cross-clamp time of descending aorta, left common carotid artery, and innominate artery was (13.6 ±5.6)min, (5.7 ±0.8)min, and (7.8±2.5) min respectively. The mean intubation time was (12.3 ±4.1) hours. There were no adverse outcomes or neurologic complications in this series. All patients survived and recovered completely. The mean follow-up time was (79.7 ±2.1) months. All patients lead a normal life. There was no late death. CT follow-up study 6 years after surgery reveals no abnormal image. Conclusion Total aortic arch replacement without cardiopulmonary and aortic bypass is a feasible and effective method for the aortic aneurismal disease involving the transverse aortic arch and proximal descending aorta in selected patients.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of endoscopy in the diagnosis of biliary tract roundworm disease.Methods32 cases of biliary tract roundworm diseases were diagnosed and treated with fibre (electron) stomach duodenum endoscopy and fibre biliary tract endoscopy under the direct-view.Results32 cases were all clearly diagnosed and the worms were taken out with direct-view endoscopy or direct cholangiography with no complications.ConclusionEndoscopy is effective and accurate for the biliary tract roundworm disease and has the advantage of rapidly dispelling the sufferings of the patients.

Adult acquired aortic disease such as aortic dissection,aortic aneurysm,is common,and the treatment is complicated.Furthermore,the specific molecular etiology of this kind of disease is unknown.MicroRNA,which is a short peptide molecule,to some extent,participated in almost every aspect of biological functions.This paper aims to review the role of microRNA in molecular etiology of adult acquired aortic disease.

Objective Postictal language testing can provide useful diagnostic information for seizure lateralization.However no such a study based on non-English language was done previously.We investigated the latency of language recovery in Chinese patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE).Methods Complex partial seizures in patients with TLE were extracted from our video-electroencephalogram (EEG) database.For all patients,consciousness testing started as soon as seizures were detected.When they were alert and cooperative,they were asked to read out a sentence “昨晚他们听到老在电台里讲话”which was printed on a card.When the patients were able to read the sentence correctly,the language function was considered recovered.Results Totally 65 complex partial seizures from 22 cases of TLE (11 left and 11 right) were included.Patients were cooperative to language testing in 54 seizures (83％).The latency for consciousness recovery (CRL) and latency for consciousness language recovery (LRL) were not associated with seizure duration,but the seizure lateralization.The CRL (median,161 s) and LRL (281 s) in the left TLE were statistically significantly longer than that in the right TLE (30 s,54 s respectively).Using 150 s recovery time as bound language recovery ratio was 87％ (27/31) in right TLE and 13％ (3/23) in left TLE.Conclusion Postictal language testing based on ideographic Chinese words helps to establish seizure lateralization in patients with TLE.

Objective To summarize the methods and results of surgical treatment of coarctation of the aorta associated with aortic dissection.Methods Analyzed the clinical data of 10 patients with aortic coarctation associated type B aortic dissection who underwent one-stage surgical repair between 2011 and 2013 in Anzhen Hospital.There were 7 males and 3 females with the age ranged from 23 to 56 years,average at 41.2 years.All patients were diagnosed by UCG and CTA.There are three key points to determine the operation method,diameter of the aortic arch and descending aorta,and the extent of dissection.Descending thoracic aortic replacement with short stented elephant trunk was performed in 3 patients,thoracic and abdominal aortic replacement in 1 patient,ascending-abdominal aorta bypass with arch or descending aortic ligature in 3 patients.Results One hospital death occurred(10％).There was no severe surgical complication.No death or reoperation occurred during follow up period.Conclusion Aortic coarctation associated type B aortic dissection is a rare and complex disease.Surgical treatment is an effective and safe method for the disease.

Objective To construct eukaryotic expression recombinant plasmid containing human granulysin(GLS) and investigate the effect of GLS expression in macrophage RAW264.7 cells on the bactericidal activity against intracellular Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Methods GLS gene was amplified by nested-polymerase chain reaction(PCR) from human cytotoxicity T lymphocyte(CTL) activated by allogenic antigen,and inserted into pBudCE4.1 vector to construct recombinant plasmid.Subsequently,the plasmid was transfccted into RAW264.7 cells which were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.The expression of GLS was detected by nested-PCR and immunocytochemistry method.The RAW264.7 cells were lysed after transfected for 96 h,then acidfast stained,cultivated and colony count were done to determine the intraeellular bactericidal activity of GLS.The data were analyzed by t or t' test.Results The pBudCE4.1/GLS eukaryotic expression recombinant plasmid was successfully constructed.The transcriptional and translational expressions of target gene GLS were detected in RAW264.7 cells which were infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.The bacterial load in macrophages of phorbol myristate acetate(PMA)+pBudCE4.1/GLS group,PMA+pBudCEA.1 group and non-activated group were 1.44±1.25,3.16±0.20 and 3.59±0.21,respectively.The differences between groups were all significant (t=2.403,t=2.854,both P＜0.05).Conclusion Eukaryotic expression recombinant plasmid carrying human GLS gene expressed in macrophages has strong bactericidal activity against intracellular mycobacteria,which provide information for the further study on therapeutic vaccine against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Objective To investigate use of oral antihypertensive drugs among community hypertensive patients in Shanghai and find out factors related to their unreasonable use to direct their clinical use. Methods Seven hundred and three hypertensive patients were surveyed with questionnaire by stratified cluster sampling at three neighborhoods and one village of Dahua community, Baoshan district, Shanghai during April to June 2009 to understand their use of antihypertensive agents, including kinds and forms of drugs, rationale of drug use. Results Five hundred and eighty-two (82. 8% ) of 703 hypertensive patients interviewed were using antihypertensive drugs, 271 (38. 5% ) of them used only one kind of non-compound antihypertensive drug, 182 (25.9%) used one kind of compound agent, 311 (53.4%) used two or more kinds of drugs in combination, including 117 patients ( 16. 8% ) used two kinds of agents combined and 12 patients ( 1.6% ) used three kinds of agents combined. Two hundred and sixty-six (47.5%) patients took orally calcium-channel blockers and 205 ( 35.2% ) used compound agents. Conclusions Frequency of combined use of two or more kinds of antihypertensive agents is reasonable and significantly higher than that of use of one kind of drug at Dahua community in Shanghai. Calcium channel blocker plays a predominant role in treatment for hypertension, non-long-acting compound agents are used in a higher proportion. But,guidelines for hypertension prevention and treatment are not so well complied with in local hypertensive patients. So, it is suggested that training for community physicians and management for standard use of antihypertensive agents at community should be strengthened further.

Objective To investigate whether emodin(1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone) can attenuate inflammatory response in rats' lungs with acute necrotic pancreatitis (ANP). Method Acute necrotic pancreatitis model was induced by injection of 3% sodium taurocholic acid into the subcapsular of pancreas and emodin was administered by intestine perfusion. Plasma amylase of 3, 6 and 12 h with acute necrotic pancreatitis was measured together with the detection of IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expressions in rats' lungs by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Immunohistochemistry was detected the expression of IL-1β converting enzyme (ICE) in the rats' lungs. Result Plasma amylase of 3, 6 and 12 h with acute necrotic pancreatitis groups are obviously high as compared with normal group(P＜0.05). Plasma amylase was (1 611.20±218.72)IU/L in normal group. Plasma amylase of 3, 6 and 12 h with acute necrotic pancreatitis groups were (1 981.40±56.81)IU/L, (3 287.40±612.37)IU/L and (4 914.60±746.82)IU/L. Plasma amylase of 3, 6 and 12 h with acute necrotic pancreatitis after treatment with emodin groups were obviously low as compared with acute necrotic pancreatitis groups. The plasma amylase was(1 617.20±136.80)IU/L,(2 323.40±318.19) IU/L and (2 670.20±390.03)IU/L respectively. The study showed that the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokin IL-1β and the expression of IL-6, as well as the expression of IL-1β converting enzyme(ICE) were decreased and IL-10 was increased. Conclusion The study demonstrates that emodin plays an important role in reducing plasma amylase level. Emodin exerts anti-inflammatory effects in acute necrotic pancreatitis rats' lungs by downregulating the mRNA expression of IL-1β and IL-6 and upregulating the mRNA expression of IL-10.

Objective To summarize the experience of surgical repair for Stanford type A aortic dissection after cardiac surgery.Methods From February 2009 to December 2011,11 patients who underwent previous cardiac surgery accepted the aortic surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection.There were 8 males and 3 females.The range of age was from 29 to 64 years,the mean age was(52.27±9.90) years.In these patients,one patient had underwent ventrical septal defect,one patient atrial septal defect,nine patients aortic valve replacement.The interval between the two operations was 1-26 years.The types of aortic dissection was A1S(4 patients),A1C(1 patient),A2S(1 patient),A2C(4 patients),A3C(1 patient).All the patients underwent aortic surgery for aortic dissection.Results The time of cardiopulmonary bypass was 75-409 minutes,the mean value was(185.36± 99.67) minutes.Aortic cross clamp time was 37-203 minutes,the mean value was (84.09± 48.36) minutes.Total six patients needed deep hypothermia and selective cerebral perfusion time was 8-32 minutes.The mean value was(17.71 ± 9.48) minutes.One patient dead in the hospital and the mortality was 9％.The morbidity was 27％.Ten patients followed up 16-45 months.No aortic rupture,paraplegia and death were observed in follow-up time.Conclusion The delayed Stanford type A aortic dissection after cardiac surgery should be attached great importance and always need emergency surgery to save patients' life.The technique is demanding and risk is great for surgeons and patients.For the patients who suffered aortic valve disease combined with dilation of ascending aorta larger than 4.5 cm,the ascending aorta also should be repaired while aortic valve replacement is performed,which could avoid delayed aortic dissection in the future.