Objective　To investigate the application of bursting phacoemulsification for hard nucleus cataract.Methods　Phaco burst and chop technique were used to emulsify the hard nucleus cataract. The degree of nuclear hardness in 74 eyes was grade Ⅳ～Ⅴ.Results　The visual acuity without correction was 0.8 or better in 75.67%, 79.73% and 83.87% one day, one week and three months after the operations respectively. There was no statistical difference between the mean preoperative astigmatism and postoperative astigmatism(P＞0.05).There were corneal edema in 5 eyes, posterior capsular ruptures in 5 eyes. Little lens fragments dropped into the vitreous in 2 eyes.Conclusion　The phaco burst technique is apt for phacoemulsification of hard nucleus cataract.

Radioimmunotherapy using monoclonal antibodies incorporated with radionuclide has been showed to be an effective agent for refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Many anti-CD20 antibodies labeled with radionuclide, such as 90Y-ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin) and 131I-tositumomab tiuxetan (Bexxar), have been reported to be effective for the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory low-grade, follicular, or transformed NHL. This review summarizes the current advance in clinical trials and studies of Zevalin and Bexxar for the treatment of NHL patients.

Aim To investigate the effect of iontophoresis on skin permeation of defibrase. Methods Iontophoresis was carried out in side-by-side chambers, excised rat skin membrane (RSM) or human epidermis membrane (HEM). The effects of electrode polarity, permeation medium pH and ionic strength were evaluated. Results Permeation of defibrase caused by anodal iontophoresis was more effective [the apparent permeability coefficient was (1.2±0.4)×10-4 cm·h-1] than that of cathodal iontophoresis[(4.3±1.4)×10-5 cm·h-1]. The amount of permeated defibrase caused by anodal iontophoresis in pH 7.4 medium was (25±5)×10-14 mol·cm-2, which was higher than that of in pH 6.4 permeation medium [(15±4)×10-14 mol·cm-2]. Conclusion Iontophoresis could enhance skin permeation of defibrase. Electroosmotic flow effect played an important role.

Objective To investigate the number of osteoclast (OC) precursor in the peripheral blood of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and its relationship with serum receptor activator of nuclear factor KB-ligand (RANKL) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) concentration as well as the disease activity. Methods The peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 8 cases of AS patients and 5 healthy controls were cultured in the medium containing macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) (25 ng/ml) and RANKL (40 ng/ml). After being cultured for 14 days, cytochemistry was applied to detect tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) expression and the cells with TRAP expression and ≥3 nuclei were counted and defined as OC. Bone resorption assay was used to demonstrate OC function. ELISA was used to measure serum RANKL and OPG concentration in 23 cases of AS and 17 healthy controls. The relationship was analyzed in AS patients between the number of OC precursors and serum RANKL and OPG concentration as well as the disease activity. The indicators of disease activity were Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI), Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). T test, t' test and Spearman correlation were selec-ted. Results ① Significantly higher OC production was observed in the peripheral blood of AS patients than that of healthy control group. The OC number per ten fields was 10.9±3.4 and 6.2±1.3 respectively (P<0.05); ② There was significant difference between AS patients and healthy controls in serum concentration of OPG and RANKL and the ratio of RANKL/OPG. OPG was significantly higher in AS patients [(157±49) pg/ml] than in healthy controls [(105±20) pg/ml] (P<0.05). RANKL was significantly higher in AS patients [(5.4± 3.8) pg/ml] than in healthy controls [(1.6±0.8) pg/ml] (P<0.05). The ratio of RANKL/OPG was significantly higher in AS patients (0.037±0.026) than in healthy controls (0.016±0.008) (P<0.01 );③Significantly positive correlation was observed between the OC number and the serum concentration of RANKL (r=0.692, P=0.009), the ratio of RANKL/OPG (r=0.813, P=0.001);④ In AS patients, serum concentration of OPG was found to have significantly negative correlation with BASDAI (r=-0.444, P=0.044). Serum RANKL concentration was found to have significantly positive correlation with BASDAI (r=0.543, P=0.011). The ratio of RANKL/OPG was found to have significantly positive correlation with BASDAI (r=0.672, P=0.001). Conclusion ① More OC precursors exist in the peripheral blood of AS patients. These cells may differentiate into osteoclasts, which might play a role in joints destructions in AS;② The mechanism of high OC production is likely to be due to high RANKL concentration which is caused by inflammatory reaction.

To assess the principles of diagnosis and management of Klippel Trenaunay Syndrome (KTS), ascending venography and PPG were used as the means of diagnosis for KTS. 18 cases received nonoperative therapy with elastic bandages or stockings, and 26 patients were operated on, including stripping of varicose vein, decompression of popliteal vein and segmental transplantation with valve to femoral or popliteal vein. The effective rate in the operative group was 73.1% (19/26),whereas the illness of 18 patients was stable with elastic support. Thirty one of 44 patients have been improved during 1～10 year follow up period . It is important that the indications and styles of operation must be carefully considered according to the clinical manifestations and venogram.

To assess the principles of perioperative management and prevention and treatment of postoperative complications of extracranial carotid artery aneurysm(ECAA),15 patients with ECAA received surgical treatment between 1988 and 2000.Among them,11 patients underwent aneurysmectomy with artery reconstruction,3 had resection of aneurysm and ligation of external carotid artery, and the other patient had aneurysmorrhaphy. No postoperative deaths or severe complications occurred except one patient with Horner's syndrome.Satisfactory results were achieved in 7 out of 8 patients within a 6 month to 7 year follow up period. The results showed that aneurysmectomy with artery reconstruction is a best operative procedure for extracranial carotid artery aneurysm. In order to prevent severe complications,such as brain ischemia and injury of cranial nerves, intensive perioperative management must be emphasized.

This paper is to summarize our experiences in the operation indication and management of perioperative complications in treatment of Stanford B aortic dissection by using endovascular graft exclusion (EVGE). 32 patients underwent the procedure of EVGE . Various sizes of tubular grafts were introduced over the entry tear of aorta via the femoral artery. The procedure was technically successful in all patients. No Severe complication occurred during the perioperative period except one death due to heart infarction. These preliminary results suggest that EVGE is safe and efficient for Stanford B aortic dissection. EVGE is a method of first choice for the patients with this disease.

BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle satellite cells are muscle-derived stem cells with proliferation and differentiation potential. Recently, foreign researches have reported that skeletal muscle satellite cells can be activated by some definite microenvironmental factors and differentiate into hematopoietic stem cells and thereby they will have the potential of hematopoietic reconstruction.OBJECTIVE: To initially validate the potential of adult muscle-derived stem cells- skeletal muscle satellite cells differentiating into hematopoietic stem cells.DESIGN: Validation animal experiment.SETTING: Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.MATERIALS: Sixty-five male Kunming adult mice, weighing 25-28 g, were involved in this study. Five Kunming neonate rats, aged 5 days, were provided by the Laboratory Animal Center, Department of Medicine, Peking University.METHODS: This experiment was carried out in the Laboratory for Cell Culture, Department of Human Anatomy and Histo-embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center between August 2001 and August 2003. Skeletal muscle satellite cells of 5 neonate rats were isolated by collagenase and trypsin digestion. Bone marrow mononuclear cells of 5 adult Kunming mice were isolated. Sixty adult female mice were used as recipients, irradiated with 60Coγ 8.0 Gy and then randomized into 4 groups: control group, in which, the mice were untouched; culture fluid infusion group, in which, the mice were injected with DMEM/F-12 medium through caudal vein; satellite cell infusion group, in which, the mice were injected with 0.3 mL satellite cell suspension through caudal vein (cell concentration 1×109 L-1); bone marrow-derived cell infusion group, in which, the mice were injected with 0.3 mL bone marrow-derived cell suspension (cell concentration 1×109 L-1) through caudal vein.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:①The survival rate of 14-day-old mice in each group. ②The surviving recipient mice were euthanized 14 days after irradiation, and tubercles on the surface of spleen were counted by naked observation; Bone marrow mononuclear cell smear was stained by Wright-Gimesa.RESULTS:① Determination of colony forming unit-spleen (CFU-S): No significant difference in the number of spleen tubercles of mice existed between satellite cell infusion group and bone marrow-derived cell infusion group 14 days after irradiation (P＞0.05). ②Histological identification of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells: Many hematopoietic cells appeared at the early stage in the bone marrow-derived mononuclear cell smears between satellite cell infusion group and bone marrow-derived cell infusion group. Their morphology meets the biological characteristics of hematopoietic cells at the early stage. ③ The survival condition of irradiated mice: All the mice in the control group and culture fluid infusion group died 9 to 13 days after irradiation. In contrast, 8 mice from the satellite cell infusion group and 13 the bone marrow-derived cell infusion group survived 14 days after irradiation.CONCLUSION: Skeletal muscle satellite cells have the function of differentiating into hematopoietic stem cells.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Compound Kangganling Granules. Methods TLC method was used for qualitative identification of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and Forsythiae Fructus, and HPLC method was used for determination of chlorogenic acid in the preparation. The HPLC separation was performed on Diamonsil C18 column. The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile-0.4%phosphoric acid (20∶80, V/V), and the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. Results TLC identified chlorogenic acid in Lonicerae Japonicae Flos and phillyrin in Forsythiae Fructus. The linear relationship of chlorogenic acid in the preparation measured by HPLC was A=30461C-5938.8, r=0.9998, RSD=1.01%, showing that the linear range of chlorogenic acid was 10.2-102.0μg/mL. Conclusion The method is accurate and rapid, with good stability, reliability and reproducibility, and can be used for the quality control and evaluation of the preparation.

Pancreas and islet transplantation is the only treatment that can cure type 1 diabetes mellitus. Less invasive and more targeted surgical and immunosuppressive regimens make islet transplantation a more attractive treatment for type 1 diabetes. Current methods of islet isolation and purification cause hypoxic stress to which β cells are extremely vulnerable. Transplanted islets need to re-establish their vascular system in order to obtain sufficient oxygen and nutrient supply for stable engraftment. However, this process takes at least 7- 14 days to complete. Massive (＞50%) β cells are dead before revascularization due to hypoxia, especially the core of the islets. Therefore, the obvious critical problem is the circulatory deficit to which the islets are susceptible in the immediate post-transplant period.In the current study, we reviewed various hypoxic-related insults to islets before complete engraftment, and feasible strategies to reduce hypoxic-induced apoptosis based on our experimental experiences together with that of others and investigated the possibility of revascularization in islet transplantation.