BACKGROUND:Type 2 diabetic patients suffered from different levels of insulin resistance and insulin secretion defects. Retinol binding protein 4 is a fat derived factor found in the blood and is considered tobe an important target for the treatment of visceral obesity and insulin resistance.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the level of serum inflammatory cytokines and the changes of immune function in insulin resistance model rats after swimming.
METHODS:A total of28 8-week-old Sprague-Dawleymale ratmodels were randomly divided into swimming group and rest group. Rat received intraperitoneal injection with 3 μg/g recombinant serum retinol binding protein 4, twice a day, with an interval of 12 hours, for 6 weeks. At 6 weeks after administration, rats in the swimming group were subjected to swimming without loading for 6 weeks, 60 minutes per day. Serum retinol binding protein 4 levels were measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Insulin sensitivity (insulin resistance index) was assessed with homeostasis model assessment. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling method was used to mark the apoptotic cels in rat thymus. ELISA was used to detect serum interleukin-6 expression. ABC-ELISA was used to test Level of serum granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor. S-P One Step Method was used to test CD4 and CD8 activities in blood.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Interleukin-6 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor were significantly positively associated with insulin resistance index. The increase in insulin resistance index would induce the increase in the levels of serum inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, but exercises could decrease above levels. Thymus index, CD4, and CD4/CD8 were negatively associated with insulin resistance index. These results indicate that exercise intervention effectively improved immunity function of rats with insulin resistance and reduced insulin resistance index.

Objective To observe the incidence of ciliary detachment and its relationship with intraocular hypotension soon after vitrectomy.Methods A total of 46 eyes of 46 patients who underwent vitrectomy were examined by ultrasound biomicroscope (UBM).The patients were divided into three groups according to different tamponade: gas group (11 eyes),silicone oil group (8 eyes) and balanced saline solution (BSS) group (27 eyes).Basing on the postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP),the patients were divided into two groups: IOP<10 mm Hg (25 eyes) and IOP≥10 mm Hg (21 eyes).UBM was applied to determine the tomographic features of the ciliary body 3 days after the surgery.IOP were monitored by non-contact tonometer daily after the surgery.The eyes with ciliary detachment were then examined once a week till the ciliary detachment reattached.The follow-up period was from 14 to 35 days.Results After vitrectomy,ciliary detachment was observed in 20 eyes of 46 eyes (43.5%),The incidence of ciliary detachment was 27.3% in gas group,25.0% in silicone oil group,and 55.6% in BSS group.The average IOP in eyes with ciliary detachment [(6.47±4.49) mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)] was significantly lower than that in the eyes without ciliary detaehmen [(15.61±7.72) mm Hg] (t=8.031,P<0.001).The incidence of ciliary detachment was higher in eyes with postoperative IOP <10 mm Hg (68.0%) than that in the eyes with postoperative IOP≥10 mm Hg (14.3%) (χ2=15.60,P<0.001).All eyes with postoperative ciliary detachment got spontaneous reattaehment within 30 days after the surgery except that one eye had optic disc edema due to severe intraocular hypotension.Conelusions Early postoperative ciliary detachment is a common complication after vitrectomy.Eyes filled with BSS have the highest incidence of postoperative ciliary detachment.Most of the patients with ciliary detachment may get spontaneous reattahment within 30 days after the surgery.

Objective To compare the efficacy of pneumatic retinopexy and subretinal drainage in the treatment of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RD) in scleral buckling procedure.Methods Pneumatic retinopexy or subretinal drainage was applied during the scleral buckling procedure when lots of subretinal fluid existed.Results Twenty-three of 26 eyes(88.5%) were successfully reattached by pneumatic retinopexy during scleral buckling procedure for the repair of primary retinal detachment.New hole formation was the major complication for the surgical failure.One eye was fixed by another buckling procedure and the other two were treated by vitrectomy.Eleven of 12 eyes(91.7%) with primary RD were successfully managed by scleral buckling procedure and subretinal fluid drainage.Subretinal hemorrhage occurred in one eye after subretinal drainage.Conclusion Pneumatic retinopexy can substitute subretinal drainage in the repair of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment when plenty of subretinal fluid exists.

Objective To compare the anatomic and functional results of ocular intensive and systemic corticosteroid administration prior to vitrectomy for primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with choroidal detachment.Methods A retrospective,clinical pilot study.Results Of 38 cases of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with choroidal detachment,11 cases received intensive 1% prednisolone acetate eyedrops once each hour,totally 16 times a day(Group A)for(4.91?1.51)days and 27 cases received systemic corticosteroid treatment which is performed as intravenous injection of 15 mg Dexamethasone for 3 d and then taped down for(5.67?1.88)days prior to vitrectomy(Group B).The rate of anatomic reattachment by one operation was 54.5% for Group A and 63.0% for Group B;The rate of reattachment by reoperation was 80% for Group A and 100% for Group B.The functional result was the same in the two groups,with the vision improvement in 70% cases of Group A and 68% cases of Group B.The minimal follow-up period was 3 months after final operation.Conclusion There is an obvious tendence of lower rate of anatomic reattachment in intensive steroid eyedrops treatment group than in systemic corticosteroid treatment group.However,the functional result is almost the same in the two groups.

BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has clear efficacy and fewer side effects, because of its own pharmacological action, as well as the trace elements in it.OBJECTIVE: To determine the contents of metal elements and their total flavone in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (SBG).DESIGN: Repeated measurement trial.SETTING: Jilin Medical College, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical College.MATERIALS: SBG was bought on the market. Rutoside sample(F 20050930, Sinopharm Group Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Department of Trace Element in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jilin Medical College from April to July in 2006. SBG samples were dried and powdered then digested with nitric acid-perchloric acid wet method. And 1.000 0 g was weighed accurately, 3 portions were used for each kind of sample, placed in 25 mL coni cal flask, 10 mL concentrated HNO3 was added, then sealed for overnight.10 mL concentrated HNO3 and 5 mL HClO4 were added respectively on the next day, and slowly heated on the electric hot plate; when only about 1 mL left, 20 mL concentrated HNO3 and 5 mL HC1O4 were added for continuous digestion till the solution was colorless and clearing and almost dried. It was diluted and dissolved with 30 g/L nitric acid, then transferred to 50 mL volumetric flask, evenly mixed for measurement. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to detect macroelement Na, Ca, Mg, K and trace element Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn. Alcohol extraction method was applied to extract the total flavone of SBG while UV spectrophotometry for the content of total flavone.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The contents of metal elements and their total flavone.RESULTS: The contents of metal elements and total flavone in SBG were detected as follows: K (1 098.516 8±2.731 9) μg/g; Ca (6 561.552 6±78.716 7) μg/g; Na (9 530.491 2±44.176 6) μg/g; Mg (6 555.442 8±36.860 3) μg/g; Fe (512.075 0±5.135 9) μg/g; Cu (2.905 0±0.134 2) μg/g;Zn (30.081 0±0.740 0) μg/g; Mn (12.409 2±0.247 7) μg/g; Total flavone(17.496 2±2.134 4) mg/g.CONCLUSION: Metal element and their total flavone are rich in SBG.

BACKGROUND: Epidemiological studies indicated that trace elements were closely correlated with the causes and pathogenesis of cerebrovascular disease, many trace elements play a beneficial role in maintaining the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular functions and structures, the trace elements needed in human body all exist in Chinese patent medicines, and different Chinese patent medicines contain different trace elements.OBJECTIVE: To make vague category of metal elements in 10 kinds of Chinese patent medicines commonly used to treat cerebrovascular diseases in clinic, and find the similarity of the contents of trace elementsand macroelements among the medicines, so as to provide evidence for researching the role of trace elements in the medicines and the correlation with the treatment of cerebrovascular disease.DESIGN: Ten kinds of Chinese patent medicines were powdered and accurately weighed, digested wit the HNO3-HClO4 wet method, the contents of metal elements were determined with atomic absorption spectrometry,mathematic matrix was applied in the vaguecategory of the data so as to find the similarities among the medicines.SETTINGS: Department of Chemistry, Jilin Medical College; Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jilin Medical College.MATERIALS: The medicines were Naosetong tablet, Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet, Maitong capsule, Tongmai Ningxin Chongji, Fufang Yinxing Jiaowan, Dahuoluo Dan, Zhongfeng Huichun tablet, Xiaoshuan Tongluo capsule and Di 'ao Zhibituo, all of which could be bought on the market. Reagents: The standard reserving solution for Ca,Mg, Cu and Cr was the national criteria solution (NCS) with the concentration of 1.000 g/L (State Test Center of Ferrous Materials), that for Mn was the secondary NCS with the concentration of 500 mg/L (China General Station for Environment Monitoring). The concentration was 50 mg/L for Ca,Mg, Cu and Cr, 20 mg/L for Mn, HNO3 and HClO4 were both in excellent purity, and the water for the experiment was deionized water.METHODS: From March to June in 2001, 10 kinds of Chinese patent medicines commonly used to treat cerebrovascular diseases in clinic were selected in the Department of Chemistry, Jilin Medical College, dried and powdered, completely mixed, 1.000 0 g was weighed accurately with analytical balance, 3 portions were used for each kind of sample. The atomic absorption spectrometry was used to determine the contents of macroelements (Na, Ca, Mg, K) and trace elements (Fe, Ni, Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn), the ratios of Cu/Zn and Ca/Mg were calculated, the method of vague category was applied to study the correlations of the medicines.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The differences of the contents of trace elements in different medicines were observed by determining their contents,and the similarities were found in the clustering analysis of the data.RESULTS: ① The contents of the trace elements and macroelements were rich in the 10 medicines, but they were different in different medicines.There were more macroelements in Naosetong tablet, Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet and Dahuoluo Dan; The trace elements were more in Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule. ② The contents of 10kinds of metal elements, Cu/Zn ratio and Ca/Mg ratio of each sample were taken as the indexes for standardized processing, and the method of maximal tree was applied for the clustering analysis. When r=0.55, five medicines had similar cluster, which were Naosetong tablet, Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet, Maitong capsule, Dahuoluo Dan and Xiaoshuan Tongluo capsule. ③ When r=0.85, three medicines had similar cluster, which were Qiangli Tianma Duzhong Wan, Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule. When r=0.95, the clustering analysis of trace elements of two medicines were extremely similar, which were Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule. Both Tongsemai tablet and Maitong capsule had the efficacies of increasing blood flow, ameliorate blood stream, and they had many similarities in treating cerebrovascular disease.CONCLUSION: Trace elements should have the similar actions in the process of drug treatment, the Chinese patent medicines with greater correlation coefficient in the clustering analysis have greater similarities in the efficacy on cerebrovascular disease, and those with smaller correlation coefficient also have fewer similarities in the efficacy.

Objective To explore the treatment effect of human growth factor (NGF) on vascular dementia. Method 47 cases with vascular dementia were randomly divided into two groups (study and control). The study group (24 cases) were treated with NGF, the control group (23 cases) were treated with ordinary medicines.Results The intelligence and cognitive ability in the study group were obviously higher than those in the control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Compared with other methods, NGF has a significant curative effect.

Objective To investigate whether pharmacological serum from the rats taking radix salviae miltiorrhizae (RSM) can inhibit increase of intracellular free calcium level in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Methods A total of 32 healthy SD rats were divided into 4 groups. Two groups were modeled into hepatic fibrosis by 40% CCl 4 injection subcutaneously for 9 weeks and RSM were filled into the stomachs of one group (group A) but the same volume of saline into the other group (group B) twice a day for 6 d. Another two groups were only filled with RSM (group C) and saline (group D) for 6 d without modeling into hepatic fibrosis. The pharmacological serum was drawn from the inferior vena cava at 2 h after the last time of RSM or saline and used to culture HSCs at the concentration of 10% for 24 h. After HSCs were loaded with Fluo-3/AM, the effects of RSM on [Ca 2+ ] i with laser scanning confocal microscopy were examined before and after angiotensin Ⅱ treatment. Results In the activated HSCs of groups A and C, [Ca 2+ ] i decreased significantly as compared with groups B and D (P

Hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway is a classic signaling pathway which controls embryonic development.Recent studies show that HH signaling pathway plays an important role in the tumorigenesis and development of cancer.Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) is closely associated with malignant tumor metastasis,relapse and treatment resistance.HH pathway plays crucial roles in maintaining the characters of BCSCs,and will probably become a novel therapeutic target of breast cancers.

The present situation and development of such medical image processing techniques are summarized as the techniques of image segmentation, pseudo-color processing, image registration and image fusion. Particular attention is paid to the evaluation criterion for image segmentation and study focuses of image registration and fusion. At the end of this paper, the development tendency of medical image processing is predicted.