Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of injury in choledocho-pancreatico-duodenal junction. Methods The clinical data of 6 patients with injury in choledocho-pancreatico-duodenal junction who had been admitted to Beijing Hospital from January 2000 to January 2008 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Of the 6 patients, 4 were diagnosed according to the intraoperative findings, cholangiography and fiber cholangioscopy. The 4 patients were cured after suture of the perforation in the choledocho-pancreatico-duodenal junction, T-tube drainage and abdominal drainage. Two patients developed severe abdominal and retroperitoneal infection and other complications after operation, and were diagnosed by cholangiography and fiber cholangioscopy. Of the 2 patients, 1 was cured and 1 died after multiple drainage procedures and debridement. Conclusions Diagnosis and treatment in the early stage are crucial for the curative purpose. Cholangingraphy and fiber cholangioscopy are effective in the diagnosis of injury in choledocho-pancreatico-duodenal junction. The suture of the perforation in the choledocho-pancreatico-duodenal junction, T-tube drainage and abdominal drainage should be chosen for patients who are diagnosed during primary operation. For patients with abdominal and retroperitoneal abscess and cellulitis, drainage and debridement should be performed, and biliopancreatic diversion and duodenal diverticularizatian are applied to patients when necessary.

Objective To investigate bile leakage prevention in laparoscopic common bile duct (CBD) choledochoscopic exploration through micro-incision approach at the cystic duct-CBD junction.Methods From August 2007 to February 2015,a total of 147 cases undergoing laparoscopic CBD choledochoscopic exploration through micro-incision approach at the cystic duct-CBD junction were included in this study.From August 2007 to November 2012,57 patients were treated with laparoseopic CBD exploration (control group).From November 2012 to February 2015,90 patients were with optimized suture method of CBD (study group).The outcomes of patients in two groups were compared,including procedure time (PT),postoperative hospitalization time (PHT),and postoperative complications.Results In control group,the bile leakage rate was 5.3％,compared to 1.1％ in study group.There were significant differences in postoperative hospitalization time(t =1.98,P =0.0007) and hile leakage rate (x2 =139.5,P =0.04)between the two groups.Conclusions The prophylaxis measurements during operation are important to prevent bile leakage in laparoscopic CBD choledochoscopic exploration through micro-incision approach,including strict indications for micro-incision operation,proper expertise for laparoscopic cholecystectomy and laparoscopic suturing,choledochoscopic exploration,and suturing the whole layer of CBD wall,and carefully checking the suturing spot in case of bile leakage.T-tube placement is recommended while bile leakage is suspected.

Objective To evaluate the intraoperative advantage and postoperative outcomes of threedimensional laparoscopic common bile duct (CBD) choledochoscopic exploration by micro-incision made at the cystic duct-CBD junction (LCBDEM) for gall stones and choledocholithiasis.Methods From January 2014 to December 2015,31 patients were operated under 3D LCBDEM (study group) and 37 patients under 2D LCBDEM (control group).The outcomes of patients in two groups were compared,including total procedure time (TPT),modified procedure time(MPT),suturing time(ST) and the wrong grasping per 100grasps(WG)of the LCBDEM.8 surgeons experienced in 3D LCBDEM were asked to fill in a subjective questionnaire.Results In control group,the TPT,MPT,ST and WG were (148 ± 47) min,(108 ± 42)min,(20 ±3)min and (19 ±4)per 100 grasps,respectively.In study group,the TPT,MPT,ST and WG were (148 ± 46) min,(9 1 ± 25) min,(1 8 ± 3) min and (8 ± 2) per 100 grasps,respectively.There were significant differences in MPT (t =-2.026,P ＜ 0.05),ST (t =-2.239,P ＜ 0.05) and WG (Z=-7.062,P ＜ 0.001).In subjective questionnaire survey,3D laparoscopy has advantages over 2D laparoscopy in visual and operation experience.But 3D laparoscopy made eyes more easily tired and dizzy.31 aparoscopy was inferior to 2D laparoscopy in spinning the camera around to get optimal field of vision.Conclusions 3D LCBDEM shortens procedure time and suturing time,increases operating accuracy and safety by providing high definition stereovision.

Objective To investigate the management of pseudomyxoma peritonei originated in the appendix.Methods The clinical data of 51 patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei originated in the appendix who were admitted to the Beijing Hospital from 1970 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.The results of operation,reoperation,adjuvant treatment and follow-up were analyzed.The time from pseudomyxoma peritonei recurrence to the reoperation between patients who did or did not receive chemotherapy was compared by two tailed t test.Results Of the 51 patients,48 received operation,and the operation time was (135 ± 72 )minutes.Tumor recurrence was observed in 34 patients,and 16 of them received cytoreduction procedure,and 33 cytoreduction procedures were performed in total.The median time of follow-up was 49.7 months (range,3-132 months).The disease-specific survival was observed in 25 patients and disease-free survival in 16 patients.Four patients died of tumor recurrence or progression.The results of postoperative pathological examination confirmed that 19 patients were with benign disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis (DPAM),26 were with malignant peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis (PMCA) and 6 were with intermediate subtype (PMCA-1).The 3-,5- and 10-year survival rates were 75％ (38/51),55％ (28/51) and 22％ ( 11/51 ),respectively.The survival time and reoperation time interval for patients who received postoperative chemotherapy were ( 21 ± 4) months and ( 10 ± 6 ) months,which were longer than (19 ±7 )months and (7 ±4)months of those who did not receive postoperative chemotherapy (t =1.027,0.361,P ＞ 0.05).The median survival time of patients with benign DPAM,PMCA-1 and malignant PMCA were 96,63,23 months,respectively.The tumor recurrence interval for patients with benign DPAM and those with malignant PMCA were ( 15 ± 5 ) months and (7 ± 4) months,with significant difference ( t =2.193,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions An active cytoreduction surgery is feasible for patients with pseudomyxoma peritonei originated in the appendix in improving survival.Repeated cytoreduction is a treatment of strategy to prolong the recurrence time and improve the prognosis of selected patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the damage-controlling surgery for the elderly patients with obstructive biliary diseases. Methods 278 elderly patients with obstructive biliary diseases were divided into the damage-controlling surgery group and definite surgery group.The obstructive biliary diseases were divided into the benign obstructive group and the malignant obstructive group. The complication rate and mortality between the 2 groups were analyzed and compared. Results One hundred and eighteen elderly patients were treated by damage-contolling surgery, its complication rate was 9.32 % and the mortality was 0 %. One hundred and sixty elderly patients,were treated by definite surgery, its complication rate was 24.38%, the mortality was 6.88%. There were significant differences in complication rate and mortality between the damage-controlling surgery group and the definite surgery group (all P＜0.01). The complication rate of the benign obstructive diseases group treated by damage-controlling surgery was 17.3%, the mortality was 0%. The complication rate of the benign obstructive diseases group treated by definite surgery was 16.3%, the mortality was 4.34%. There was no significant difference in the complication rate and mortality between the 2 groups (all P＞0.05). The complication rate and mortality of the malignant obstructive biliary diseases group treated by damage-controlling surgery were 4.45% and 0% respectively, and were 35.29% and 10.29% by definite surgery, there were significant differences in the complication rate and mortality between the 2 groups (P＜0.01 and P＜0.05). Conclusions Damage-controlling surgery may decrease the complication rate and mortality of the elderly patients with obstructive biliary diseases, and improve the operation safety of the elderly patients.

Object To provide the theoretical basis for the artificial planting of Hypericum perforatum L., the effects of light, gibberellin and ethephon on the germination of H. perforatum seeds were studied. Methods The method of direct germination was used. Results The seeds germinated to 79% in the light, while didn't germinate in the dark. Gibberellin and ethephon not only promoted the germination in the light, but also induced the germination in the dark. But ethephon inhibited the growth of seedling radicals severely. Conclusion The seed of H. perforatum is light-dependent seed, its light-dependence is related to gibberellin and ethephon.

One hundred fifty-three patients with hypoxia of both sexes,underwent hip arthroplasty from January 2012 to January 2014,aged 65-97 yr,weighing 41-80 kg,living in areas at altitude above 1800 m,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅱ-Ⅵ,were selected.The hemoglobin (Hb) at 3-4 days after operation was collected,and the patients were divided into 3 groups depending on whether or not postoperative anemia occurred:no anemia group (Hb＞ 110 g/L);mild anemia group (90 g/L≤ Hb≤ 110 g/L);moderate anemia group (70 g/L ≤ H b＜ 90 g/L).The 36-item Short-Form Health Survey score and Harris Hip Score at 28 days after operation were collected.There was no significant difference between the three groups in the postoperative 36-item Short-Form Health Survey score and Harris Hip Score (P＞0.05).Postoperative mild and moderate anemia did not affect the short-term outcome after hip arthroplasty in elderly patients in high-altitude regions.

Objective To investigate the experience of laparoscopic complete mesocolic excision ( CME) for colon cancer. Methods There were102 patients,of which 68 cases with colon cancer were performed laparoscopic CME,34 cases were treated by traditional surgery. The 2 groups were reviewed retrospectively. Results As compared with the traditional group,the operation time,time of first flatus,hospital stay in the CME group increased. The postoperative suction drainage was decreased in CME group. The CME group had less blood loss and more mean lymph nodes clearance than the traditional group. The complication incidences had no significant differences between 2 groups. Conclusion Laparoscopic CME for colon cancer,with the advantages of less tumor spreading and more thoroughly lymph node dissection,is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To study the effect of target controlled infusion of etomidate and propofol during general anesthesia induction period on haemodynamics and stress by cerebral state index (CSI) in elderly hypertensive patients. Methods Forty ASAⅠor Ⅱelderly hypertensive patients undergoing selective laparoscopic cholecystectomy were randomly divided into two groups by random digits table method with 20 cases each: propofol group and etomidate group. CSI, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, blood glucose, concentration of plasma cortisol in the two groups were observed before induction of anesthesia, at 1 min before intubation, and at 1 min, 3 min and 5 min after intubation. Results The level of CSI, MAP, heart rate, blood glucose, cortisol between two groups at before induction of anesthesia had no significant difference (P>0.05).The levels of CSI in two groups at 1 min before intubation, and at 1 min, 3min after intubation were significantly lower than that at before induction of anesthesia, but compared with that at 1 min before tracheal intubation, CSI was significantly higher in two group at 1 min, and 3 min after intubation, and there was significant difference (P<0.05). The level of MAP in etomidate group was higher than that in propofol group at 1 min before intubation, and at 1 min , 3 min and 5 min after intubation: (85.9 ± 9.2) mmHg (1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) vs. (70.8 ± 8.1) mmHg, (112.6 ± 9.8) mmHg vs. (90.6 ± 10.8) mmHg, (96.5 ± 8.2) mmHg vs. (86.5 ± 8.6) mmHg, (95.2 ± 8.3) mmHg vs. (80.6 ± 8.7) mmHg, and there was significant difference (P<0.05). The level of heart rate at 1 min before intubation in propofol group was lower than that before induction of anesthesia and that at the same period in etomidate group: (65.1 ± 6.2) bpm vs. (85.8 ± 10.2) bpm, (78.2 ± 6.7) bpm], and there was significant difference (P<0.05), while there was no significant differenc in the level of heart rate in etomidate group at each time point (P>0.05). Compared with before induction of anesthesia, the concentrations of blood glucose and cortisol at 1min before intubation in patients of the two groups decreased significantly, while glucose and cortisol concentrations at 1 min, 3 min and 5 min after intubation in two group significantly increased , and there was significant difference (P<0.05);cortisol concentration in etomidate group at 1 min before intubation and 1 min, 3 min, 5 min after intubation was significantly lower than that at the same period in propofol group:(260.6 ± 39.6) nmol/L vs. (290.2 ± 35.6) nmol/L, (380.3 ± 37.6) nmol/L vs.(410.8 ± 46.6) nmol/L, (361.2 ± 25.2) nmol/L vs. (392.6 ± 31.6) nmol/L, (352.3 ± 25.6) nmol/L vs. (370.3 ± 28.8) nmol/L, and there were significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusions During induction of general anesthesia with the guidance of cerebral state index, target controlled infusion of etomidate has more stable hemodynamics, and also attenuates the stress response to tracheal intubation in elderly hypertensive patients.

Objective To investigate the effect of octreotide on inhibition of growth of subcutaneously implantedtumor with human gall bladder cancer cells in nude mice,and to explore the mechanisms.Methods We established subcutaneous implanted tumor model in nude mice by using human gallbladder carcinomacell line GBC-SD.A total of 18 male nude mice bearing xenografts of the cell line were randomly divided into therapy and control groups,with 9 in each group.Octreotide was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 100 ?g/(kg?d) to the therapy group and isovolumic normal saline was administered to the controlgroup for 6 weeks.All mice were put to death,and the weight and volume of the tumors were assayed.Flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis of tumor cells.Immunohistochemical staining was used to examin the expression of p53,bcl-2,and Ki-67.Results The weight of implanted tumors in nude mice in the therapy group[(0.99?0.54)g] was lower than that in control group [(1.58?0.51)g,P