Objective To statistically analyze the bacterial flora change and drug resistance situation in the patients with bacteri‐al infection to provide reference for clinical rational drug use and the management of nosocomial infection .Methods The clinical samples were conventionally isolated and cultured .The bacteria identification and drug sensitivity test were performed by using the bioMerieux company VITEK2 automatic microorganism analyzer .The confirmation test of drug susceptibility adopted the disk dif‐fusion method recommended by the American Clinical and Laboratory Standardization Committee (CLSI) .Results The sample sources in the hospital infection during 2011-2013 were main sputum ,secretions and midstream urine ;the main infectious bacteria showed the increasing trend ,the top 5 of bacteria were :Escherichia coli (ECO) ,Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPN) ,Acinetobacter bau‐manii (ABA) ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PAE) ,Staphylococcus aureus (SAU);the top three of common multi‐drug resistant bacte‐ria were ABA ,PAE and ECO ,their constituent ratio during these three years had a small amplitude increase ;the antibiotics for Gram negative bacilli (G -) resistance rate of more than 70% during these 3 years were :ampicillin ,cefuroxime sodium and cefu‐roxime axetil;the antibiotics for Gram positive cocci (G+ ) resistance rate of more than 70% during these 3 years were penicillin and erythromycin ..Except for 4 cases of Enterococcus faecalis ,no other vancomycin‐resistant strains were found .Conclusion The sam‐ple source of bacterial infection is dominated by sputum ,the gram negative bacteria are the main force of hospital infection ,showing a increasing trend every year ,multi- drug resistant strains are also continuously rising ,penicillin is unsuitable to the clinical treat‐ment of bacterial infection ;imipenem has very high sensitivity to ECO and KPN .The hospital should attach great importance to the infection management ,strengthen the application and management of antibiotics ,decrease the outbreak and prevalence of bacterial infection and reduce the increase of drug resistant strains .

To study the effect of intraarterial bolus of recombinant human angiogenin (rhANG) on stimulating revascularization in a rabbit hindlimb ischemic model,the limb ischemic model was induced by ligation and excision of every branches of the femoral artery in 28 rabbits. On the 11th day after operation, various doses of rhANG (0,5,20 and 40 ? g) as a single bolus were administered intraarterialy via the catheters inserted into the bifurcation of the iliac artery. Revascularization and perfusion of the ischemic limb were compared in each animal postoperatively by using 99 Tc MAA perfusion scan, serial angiography and thigh muscle biopsy. Rabbits in the 20?g group and the 40?g group had significantly better revascularization and blood perfusion than the control group and the 5?g group.It is concluded that rhANG can promote blood purfusion, revascularization and recovery.

0.05. CONCLUSIONS Not premixed bacteria fluid groups don't affect the antibiotic susceptibility test of VITEK2 Compact.

Objective To investigate the changes of electrolyte metabolism in patients undergoing moderate elective abdominal operation,and explore its relationship with postoperative complications.Methods The clinical data of 1117 inpatients (age ≥ 18 years) who had undergone moderate elective abdominal operation in the Department of General Surgery of Beijing Hospital from January 1,2011 to December 31,2011 were retrospectively analyzed.They received postoperative fasting for ≥ 3 days,and the preoperative liver function and renal function were normal.The perioperative electrolyte changes and clinical outcomes were recorded.For patients with normal preoperative electrolytes but abnormal postoperative electrolytes,its potential correlations with the postoperative infections and total complications were analyzed.Results The rates of abnormal postoperative electrolytes were as follows:potassium,24.1％ ; sodium,6.4％ ; chloride,27.6％ ; calcium,61.7％ ; magnesium,16.3％ ; and phosphorus,71％.The vast majority of ion levels were below the normal levels.The total complication rate was 19.7％ and the postoperative infection rate was 17.19％.Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that the postoperative total and infective complications were significantly associated with the increased (P =0.007) or decreased (P =0.007) serum potassium,the decreased serum sodium (P =0.016),the decreased serum phosphorus (P =0.004),and the decreased magnesium (P =0.049).Conclusions Electrolyte decrease is common after moderate elective abdominal operations.There is a certain correlation between postoperative electrolyte decrease and postoperative complications.Therefore,attention should be paid to maintain electrolyte balance during the perioperative period.

Different varieties of Terminalia chebula Retz. were identified by DNA finger prints, andat the same time, some problems encountered during the application of RAPD for the identification ofTCM were studied. The polymorphic features of DNA finger prints of different species were compared.Results of the study showed that they were differently related in heredity which can provide a basis for thedifferentiation of one species from the other. Means for the solution of problems arised during RAPD ap-plication were suggested. It was concluded that RAPD is an effective method to identify T. chebula from itsconfusable varieties.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of prognosis of gram-positive bacteria associated nosocomial bloodstream infections,and to investigate the drug resistance of the strains.Methods A total of 132 patients with gram-positive bacteria associated nosocomial bloodstream infections were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University during January 2010 and December 2012.Clinical data including demographic characteristics,underlying diseases,risk factors and use of antibacterial agents were retrospectively analyzed.According to 28-day prognosis,patients were divided into survival group (n =97) and death group (n =35).Binary logistic regression was used to identify the risk factors of 28-day fatality.Results Among 132 patients,49 (37.12％) were infected with coagulase-negative Staphylococcus,46 (34.85％) were infected with Staphylococcus aureus,37 (28.03％)were infected with Enterococcus.The rates of methicillin resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci (MRCNS) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were 77.55％ (38/49) and 54.35％ (25/46),respectively.The rate of linezolid resistant coagulase negative Staphylococci was 8.16％ (4/49) ; Four out of 37 strains (10.81％) of Enterococcus were both resistant to vancomycin and linezolid.Binary logistic regression showed that septic shock (OR =34.344,95％ CI:6.539-180.389,P =0.000),deep venous catheterization (OR =13.411,95％ CI:1.877-95.832,P =0.010),no catheter removal after infection (OR =8.759,95％ CI:2.197-34.911,P =0.002),parenteral nutrition (OR =3.684,95％ CI:1.072-12.663,P =0.038),inappropriate antibacterial therapy in early stage (OR =12.951,95％ CI:2.075-80.836,P =0.006) and Enterococcus associated bloodstream infections (OR =4.227,95％ CI:1.090-16.394,P =0.037) were independent risk factors of 28-day fatality in patients with gram-positive bacteria associated nosocomial bloodstream infections.Conclusions The predominant pathogens are coagulase-negative Staphylococcus,Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus in gram-positive bacteria associated nosocomial bloodstream infections.Patients with septic shock,deep venous catheterization,no catheter removal after infection,parenteral nutrition,inappropriate antibacterial therapy in early stage and Enterococcus associated bloodstream infections are likely to have high fatality rate.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the hemostatic effect of human thrombin in surgery.Methods A prospective, randomized, controlled and multicenter study was designed to evaluate the hemostatic effect of human thrombin on abdominal operation incision (96 cases) and liver wound (40 cases). Human thrombin was insufflated topically in study group, with 0 9% NS as control. Results The average hemostatic time of abdominal incision in study group was (104?70) s, hemorrhagic volume per square unit was (0 4?0 3)g/cm 2, in liver wound the average hemostatic time was (106?78) s, the hemorrhagic volume per square unit was (1 0?0 7) g/cm 2, the difference was all statistically significant ( P

Objective:To investigate the nutritional status of elderly inpatients in China, and to assess its relationship with clinical outcomes.Methods:A prospective, multicenter, parallel investigation was organized and conducted by the Chinese Medical Association's Group of Geriatric Nutrition Support.Patients aged ≥65 years from 30 major hospitals of 14 cities in China were evaluated by the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002(NRS2002)and the Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form(MNA-SF), in order to understand the nutritional status and nutritional risk of elderly inpatients in China.The indicators of clinical outcomes were summarized, and the correlation between nutritional status and clinical outcomes was analyzed.Results:A total of 10 184 elderly patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study, aged 65-112(74.81±7.01)years, with a body mass index(BMI)of 17.80-35.50(23.32±3.83)kg/m 2.Grip strength of the dominant hand was(16.95±18.42)kg, upper arm circumference was(25.68±3.70)cm, and calf circumference was(32.07±3.89)cm.BMI, grip strength, upper arm circumference and calf circumference decreased significantly with age( F=13.74, 97.47, 28.31 and 88.68, all P<0.001). NRS2002 was conducted on 10 182 patients.Of them, 10.14%(895/10 182)suffered malnutrition(BMI≤18.5 kg/m 2), and 46.42%(4 726/10 182)were at nutritional risk(NRS2002 score≥3). Nutrition deficiency and nutritional risk showed upward trends with age( F=43.41 and 177.05, both P<0.001). A total of 9 755 patients(95.79%, 9 755/10 182)completed the MNA-SF.Of them, 14.67%(1 431/9 755)had malnutrition, 35.04%(3 418/9 755)were at risk of malnutrition, and 50.29%(4 906/9 755)had normal nutritional status.The incidence of malnutrition and the risk of malnutrition significantly increased with age( F=172.79, 12.10 and 152.42, all P<0.05). Nutritional risk(NRS2002 score≥3)was related to age, BMI, mortality, infectious complications, length of hospital stay and total hospital cost(all P<0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of malnutrition and the risk of malnutrition are high in elderly inpatients in China.Nutritional risk is an influencing factor for adverse clinical outcomes.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the hemostatic role of hemocoagulase in abdominal operation and its effects on coagulation.

METHODS180 patients receiving abdominal operation were studied prospectively by randomized, double-blind controlled and multicenter design. They were divided into Hemocoagulase group (60 patients), lizhixue group (60), and manitol hexanitrate group (60). The groups were, observed in terms of the effects on hemostatic time, hemorrhagic volume, hemorrhagic volume per square unit, and body coagulation (BT, CT, PT, APTT and PLT) parameters.

RESULTSThe groups received different drugs. The average hemostatic time in the hemocoagulase group was 121.6 s, hemorrhagic volume was 9.6 g, and hemorrhagic volume per square unit was 0.2 g. The similar results were observed in the lizhixue group (P > 0.05), but they were significantly different (P < 0.05) from those of the manitol hexanitrate group (159.2 s, 12.49 g, 0.3 g). In the hemocoagulase and lizhixue groups hemorrhagic and hemoagglution time decreased 30 minutes and 1 day after operation. This finding was significantly differenct from that in the manitol hexanitrate group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONHemocoagulase plays a good hemostatic role in the hemorrhagic capillary at abdominal incision.

Abdomen ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Batroxobin ; adverse effects ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Hemostasis, Surgical ; methods ; Hemostatics ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies

ObjectiveTo describe the novel variants of the Smqnr family of quinolone resistance genes and their distribution in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and investigate the relationship between Smqnr and quinolone resistance. MethodsThe identification of 442 strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were performed by VITEK automated identification and susceptibility. Minimum inhibitoryconcentrationsof tigecycline,chloramphenicol,ceftazidime,compoundsulfamethoxazole,ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin against Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were detected by standard agar dilution method. Full length of Smqnr gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. DNAMAN software was used to compare the sequence divergence and construct the genealogical tree to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of Smqnr family. Results Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was resistant to the 7 kinds of clinical antibiotics in various extent ( from 5％ to 50％ ). Levofloxacin showed s good antibacterial activity with the resistance rate of 6. 11％ (27/442), nevertheless the best was moxifloxacin with the resistance rate of 5. 88％ (25/442). Smqnr gene was detected in 114 of 442 strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia[25.79％ (114/442)], including 11 known genes and 20 novel variants of the Smqnr genes ( Smqnr28-47 ) which was caused by several genes mutation changing the translation of 219 amino acids. The gene detection rate of resistant, intermediate and sensitive strains was 42. 30％ (11/26), 34. 37％ (11/32) and 23.95％ (92/384), respectively. The Smqnr gene harbored the highest detection rote (37. 78％ ) in the sensitive strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with minimal inhibitory concentration of 0. 125 μg/ml. Conclusions The gene coding region of Smqnr is highly polymorphic and the novel variants of Smqnr gene are caused by several genes mutation changing the translation of 219 amino acids. Smqnr gene in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia has a high detection rate and different distribution.