Objective To investigate the value of ultrasound integrated backscatter (IBS) in quantitative analysis of in-traluminal thrombus in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA).Methods IBS of intraluminal thrombus in 29 patients were measured,including All (average image intensity) and SDI (standard deviation of image intensity).Meanwhile,different echoes and characteristics of IBS in thrombus were compared and pathologic analysis was performed.Results ①Individual All value of homogenous thrombus differed remarkably,SDI value was low.There was no significant difference about All in homogeneous group and adjacent cavity group (P>0.05).All and SDI value in adjacent wall group were higher than those in other groups (P<0.01).②According to pathologic analysis,cellulose contents were abundant in adjacent wall group,but fewer in adjacent cavity group and homogeneous group.Conclusion IBS might be regarded as a sensitive and specific method and a quantitative basis for estimating and predicting the rupture risk of AAA.

Objective To investigate the relationship of c erbB2 with endocrine therapy and prognosis, to investigate the rapid and effective method to detect c erbB2 alteration in breast carcinoma(BC).Metheds Semi quantitative PCR was used to detect the amplification of c erbB2, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of protein of c erbB2. 58 cases of BC were followed up .Results There was significant relationship between c erbB2 protein overexpression and gene amplification(P

Objective To determine the molecular pathway of reconstituted basement membrane extract(BME)embedment in the context of promoting islet cell survival.Methods Mouse islet cells were isolated and embedded in BME for in vitro culture.Caspase-3,integrin-α1 and 5,PDX-1,Akt,FAK and phospho Erk were detected using Western blot.Results Islet cells embedded with BME were partially protected from apoptosis indicated by a lower caspase-3 level and an increased phosphoAkt activity compared with untreated control.In addition,an increase of α3-integrin,FAK protein level and FAK activity were observed as well.Furthermore,the expression of PDX-1 and phosphoErk at the 48 h mark were preserved,suggesting the positive effect of BME to islet activity.Conclusion These results indicate that the embedment of BME construction can up-regulate α3 integrin and its signal transduction,which may improve viability and function of islet cells.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of steroids-free immunosuppressive therapy including tacrolimus, cyclosporin A, tripterygium glycosides or intravenous cyclophosphamide in membranous nephropathy (MN) patients combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: This study was a retrospective analysis of patients with T2DM complicated with biopsy proved MN in the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University from January 2009 to January 2017. The patients were divided into steroids-free group and control group. The patients in steroids-free group were treated with one or two immunosuppressive agents except glucocorticoids. The patients in control group were treated with glucocorticoid combining with immunosuppressive agents. Results: A total of 64 patients were enrolled in this study. There were 26 cases in steroids-free group and 38 cases in control group. The total remission rate was 69.24% in steroids-free group and 73.68% in control group at 12 months. In a median follow up of 33(12-106) months, two patients in control group entered hemodialysis and one of them died after 1 year of dialysis. One patient in steroids-free group died of accidental death and no patient entered dialysis. All patients in control group had elevated blood glucose level, whereas only 5 patients in steroids-free group had elevated blood glucose and all these 5 patients used tacrolimus. Conclusion Immunosuppressive regimen without glucocorticoid treatment can reduce side effects on blood glucose level in MN patients with type 2 diabetes, with a certain rate of treatment response.

Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disease, which is involved in disrupted normal bone remodeling process and bone resorption exceeding bone formation. Osteoblasts and osteoclasts play critical roles in maintaining bone homeostasis. In recent years, more and more studies have found that immune cells are involved in the regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activity via releasing various chemokines and cytokines, and the concept of immunoporosis has been proposed accordingly. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge on the immune system in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis, so as to study and prevent osteoporosis from the perspective of immunology.