Objective: To determine whether aminoguaidine（AG）,a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS), affect the embroy development of mice, and to study the mechanisms of iNOS affecting on pregnancy. Methods: AG(10 mg*kg－1*d－1 or 20 mg*kg－1*d－1) were injected subcutaneously to mice from day 3，7，14. kill mice at day19. The weight of fetus and placenta, the number of fetus and fetal resorptions were measured. Histological changes of placenta and umbilical cord were observed. Immunohistochemistry and NADPH histochemistry were adopted to study NOS activity of placental and umbilical cord respectively. Results: The conceptus in the uterus were resorbed in the early pregnancy. In the early and middle pregnancy the weight of pregnant mouse and the number of fetus of AG groups was decreased. The number of fetal resorptions was increased. But the weight of fetus and placenta were not affected. The expression of iNOS in the placenta were no difference significantly between the two groups with image analysis. Conclusion: AG inhibits the implantation and growth of embryo in the early and middle pregnancy, buy doesn't affect the formed fetus and placenta significantly.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sterilization steps and effects of low temperature plasma on heat-resistant items. METHODS Low temperature plasma sterilization was adopted to operate according to standard procedures including pre-sterilizaing, packaging, sterilization, unloading and storageing. RESULTS Low temperature plasma had the features of reliable sterilization effect, easy to monitor, short time needed, and high utilization rate which could greatly increase the number of surgery and have a long term storage. CONCLUSIONS Low temperature plasma sterilization is a kind of fast, safe and effective way of sterilization by which the sterilization quality is guaranteed and the hospital infection rate is reduced greatly to meet the clinical demands to sterile items.

Objective To investigate the effect of chronic electrical stimulus (CES) of low frequency and physiological frequency on diaphragmatic subtype of myosin heavy chain (MHC) and mechanical characteristic in rabbits with emphysema. Methods The rabbit model of emphysema was made by inhaling papain of ultrasonic atomization once a week for 3 weeks in 30 adult Japanese rabbits, 6 receiving 10 Hz chronic low-frequency electrical stimulation, 6 receiving 40 Hz, 6 receiving 10 Hz plus 40 Hz. Another 6 emphysema rabbits and 6 normal rabbits served as control. The twitch tension (Pt), titanic tension (Po), time to peak tension (TPT), half-relaxation time (1/2Rt), fatigue index (FI) and fatigue recovery index (FRI) were measured and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to observe the changes in subtype of MHC in control group, emphysema group, CES groups respectively. Results ①Following chronic electrical stimulus of 40 Hz, 10 Hz, and (10+40) Hz, the relative contents of MHC were increased in diaphragmatic muscle of rabbits with emphysema. The percentage of MHC-I was significantly increased in the 10 Hz group, while that of MHC-I and MHC-IIa were significantly increased in the (10+40) Hz group. ②Following chronic electrical stimulation using 40 Hz and (10+40)Hz, diaphragmatic muscle Pt and Po were significantly increased in rabbits with emphysema, TPT and 1/2Rt were significantly reduced, and FI and FRI were significantly decreased (P

Objective To investigate the clinical features of cryptogenic stroke accompanied with patent foramen ovale ( PFO) .Methods The clinical data of 8 cryptogenic stroke patients accompanied with PFO were analyzed retrospectively.Results Eight patients aged 15-55 years old, average age was 39.75 years old.They were acute onset.The clinical symptoms were limb weakness in 5 cases, speech disorder in 2 cases, walking instability, weakness of lower limbs, epilepsy, acmesthesia decrement of one side in 1 case retrospectively. Doppler echocardiography showed PFO was in all the patients.Brain MRI showed frontal lobe, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, occipital lobe, insular cortex, periventricular body, hind limb of the internal capsule, basal ganglia, cerebellum had low T1 single, and high T2 single.Four cases were unilateral involvement, and 4 cases were bilateral involvement;6 cases were multiple lesions, 2 cases were single lesion;involved in anterior circun systemlatio system was in 4 cases, involved in posterior circulation system was in 1 case, and involved in anterior and posterior circulation system was in 3 cases.All cases had no recurrence after treatment.Conclusions The onset age of cryptogenic stroke patients accompanied with PFO is relatively young.Brain MRI shows multiple lesions, it can involed in bilateral, anterior and posterior circulation system.Prognosis of cryptogenic strok accompanied with PFO is good.

Objective To explore effects of non-nutritive sucking ( NNS) on various aspects of neonates.Methods 58 cases refusing oral feeding were selected from June 2012 to June 2013 in our hospital with no significant differences in weight, gastrointestinal function and sleep (p>0.05).The specimen was randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group was given with NNS.Weight gain, quiet time to fall asleep, sleep time and gastro-intestinal disorders were observed and recorded in both two groups.One month later, the data recorded from both two groups were processed and analyzed statistically.Results The weight gain in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p>0.05).The quiet time to fall asleep in the experimental group was shorter than that in the con-trol group (p>0.05).The sleep time in the experimental group was longer than that in the control group (p>0.05).The incidence of gastrointestinal disorders in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( p >0.05).Conclusion Non-nutritive sucking in neonates can accelerate weight gain, improve sleep quality and reduce the in-cidence of gastrointestinal disorders to promote the growth and development of newborns to some extent .

Objective To investigate the effect of chronic ultra-low frequency electrical stimulation on mechanical characteristic of diaphragmatic muscle of emphysema rabbit.Methods The rabbit model of emphysema was made by inhaling papain of ultrasonic atomization once a week for 3 weeks in 24 adult Japanese rabbits,6 receiving 10 Hz chronic ultra-low frequency electrical stimulation,6 receiving 40 Hz,6 receiving 2.5 Hz and 40 Hz.Another 6 rabbits served as control.The twitch tension (Pt),titanic tension(Po),time to peak tension(TPT),half-relaxation time(1/2RT),fatigue index(FI) and fatigue recovery index(FRI) were measured in control group,emphysema group,emphysema+chronic ultra-low frequency electrical stimulation groups.Results As compared with the control rabbits, Pt and Po decreased,TPT and 1/2RT prolonged,FI and FRI increased in the only emphysema rabbits.Pt and Po were higher,TPR and 1/2Rt was shorter in the only emphysema rabbits than the rabbits in 40 Hz and(2.5+40) Hz groups(P0.05),more increase in FR and FRI(P

Objective To investigate the protective effect of adenosine A1 receptor agonist (2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine, CCPA) delayed preconditioning on myocardial ischemia reperfu-sion injury and the potential mechanism in rabbits. Methods Thirty New Zealand male white rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups:a control group, an I/R group, and a CCPA group. CCPA group was given CCPA 0.1 mg/kg before the myocardial ischemia. Twenty-four hours later I/R group and CCPA group underwent 40 min of coronary occlusion followed reperfusion for 2 h. At the end of the reperfusion, blood samples were taken from the arterial line for determining the plasma level of malondialdhyde and superoxide dismutase activity. The infarct size and area at risk were de-fined by Evans and TIC staining. The heart was harvested and levels of metallothionein (MT) were determined by Western blot, and ultrastructures were observed under the electron microscope. Results The MT level of CCPA group was significantly higher than that of the I/R group (P<0.05). CCPA significantly reduced the infarct size (22.1%±3.8% in the CCPA group) of the left yen-tricular area at risk as compared with the control (41.8%±4.3% in the I/R group,P<0.05). The injury of I/R group was worse than that of the CCPA group under the light microscope. CCPA group had higher superoxide dismutase and lower malondialdhyde than those of the I/R group. Con-clusion CCPA can increase the level of metallothionein during ischemia-reperfusion, which may be part of the molecular mechanism of CCPA delayed preconditioning on cardioprotection.

Objective To evaluate the effect of captopril and isoflurane preconditioning on cell apoptosis during myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) in rabbits.Methods Forty New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes,weighing 1.8-2.5 kg,were randomly divided into 5 groups (n =8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),group I/R,isoflurane preconditioning group (group I),captopril preconditioning group (group C) and captopril and isoflurane preconditioning group (group C + I).The animals were anesthetized with 3％ pentobarbital sodium 30 mg/kg.Myocardial ischemia was induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending branch of coronary artery for 30 min followed by 120 min of reperfusion.1.1％ isoflurane was inhaled for 30 min followed by 15 min washout before myocardial ischemia in group I.Captopril 25 mg/kg was given through a gastric tube into the stomach at 24 h before myocardial ischemia in group C.Captopril 25 mg/kg was given through a gastric tube into the stomach,24 h later 1.1％ isoflurane was inhaled for 30 min followed by 15 min washout,and then myocardial ischemia was performed in group C + I.The rabbits were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion and myocardial specimens were removed for microscopic examination and observation of ultrastructure,and for determination of the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins (by Western blot).The apoptosis rate was detected by flow cytometry.Bcl-2/Bax ratio was calculated.Results Compared with group S,the apoptosis rate was significantly increased,the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins was up-regulated,and Bel-2/Bax ratio was decreased in I/R,I,C and C + I groups (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with I/R,I and C groups,the apoptosis rate was significantly decreased,Bcl-2 protein expression was up-regulated,Bax protein expression was down-regulated,and Bcl-2/Bax ratio was increased (P ＜ 0.05),and the pathological changes were significantly attenuated in group C + I.Conclusion Regulation of Bcl-2/Bax ratio and inhibition of apoptosis in myocardial cells are involved in the mechanism by which isoflurane and captopril preconditioning reduces I/R injury in rabbits.

Aim To observe the effect of 5-FU and L-Arg on the human liver carcinoma model in nude mice and study the mechanism.Methods We established the human liver carcinoma model in nude mice with BEL-7402 cell and gave normal saline,5-FU,5-FU+L-Arg by intraperitoneal injection. The tumor size was measured.The necrotic degree and range were observed by the microscope. Immunohistochemistry method and chemical colorimetry were performed to determine the expression and activity of iNOS. Nitrate reductase method was adopted to test the concentration of NO in the tumor tissue. The one-way ANOVA,Bonferroni and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were adopted for the statistical analysis.Results 5-FU combined with L-Arg promoted the tumor suppressive action apparently. The necrotic range enlarged. The expression and activity of iNOS increased. The production of NO also increased.Conclusions 5-FU combined with L-Arg has agonist effects on the inhibition of the growth of human liver carcinoma in nude mice.It may be related with inducing the synthesis of iNOS and the increase of NO.

Objective To investigate the difference among neonatal rat models of hypoxia-ischemia induced white matter injury of brain by three different methods and to provide theory basis on choosing the proper animal model for deep study on white matter injury of premature infants.Methods Three different hypoxia-ischemia methods were applied to induce brain white matter injury model of Wistar rats of postnatal 3rd day which were left carotid artery ligation followed by 6％ oxygen for 30 minutes and for 4 hours respectively,and bilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 8％ oxygen for 30 minutes.Compared brain pathological results of rats in different groups,changes in white matter of brain by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) immunostaining,and changes in time of opening eyes and eyes appearance.Results Left carotid artery ligation followed by 6％ oxygen for 30 minutes resulted in sparse and vague periventricular white matter without necrotic lesions,and the degree of GFAP intensity [(5 021.63 ± 358.92) OD] increase and MBP intensity [(18 488.63 ± 1 822.62) OD] decrease were lowest (P ＜ 0.000 1),as well as the delay of opening time of the left eye.Left carotid artery ligation followed by 6％ oxygen for 4 hours resulted in necrotic lesions of periventricular white matter,with the degree of GFAP intensity [(6 069.13 ± 458.61) OD] and MBP intensity [(15 003.38 ± 1 559.11) OD],and also the delay of opening time of the left eye.Bilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 8％ oxygen for 30 minutes caused cystic necrosis of bilateral periventricular white matters,and the degree of GFAP intensity [(6 194.50 ±432.69) OD] increase and MBP intensity [(10 119.35 ± 735.16) OD] decrease of the left side were highest(P ＜ 0.000 1),as well as the delay of opening time and cataract in both eyes.Conclusion Left carotid artery ligation followed by 6％ oxygen for 30 minutes is more suitable for investigating mild brain white matter injury.Left carotid artery ligation followed by 6％ oxygen for 4 hours and bilateral carotid artery ligation followed by 8％ oxygen for 30 minutes are more proper for the investigation of severe periventricular leukemacia cases.