Objective To review recent neuroimaging studies of aggressive/violent behaviors in schizophrenia and related the neural circuits of aggressive behaviors,tocusing on structure magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method,published from 2000 to 2014.Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using articles from PsycINFO,Embase,Pubmed and Cnki pnblished between 2000 and 2014,we usedaggressive, violent, schizophrenia, structure M RI as the key words,to explore the relationship between schizophrenia of aggressive/violent behaviors and the related neural circuits.Results Of the 18 studies included in the analysis,mostly were case-control studies,two were written in Chinese.The neuroimaging literature on aggression in schizophrenia revealed the related grey matter volume of brain areas which contained the frontal lobe,temporal lobe,amygdala,hippocampus,cerebelum and caudate nucleus.Conclusion Findings from the current reviews suggest that the occurrence of violent/aggressive behaviors of schizophrenia were related with serval neural circuits as the frontal-temporal cognitive circuit,Papez circuit,cerebellum advaneed cognitive circuit and caudate nucleus-reward seeking cireuits.However,the precise violent/aggressive neural mechanism has vet to be studied further.

Objective To investigate the effects of pretreatment with volatile anesthetics on myocardial apoptosis induced by myocardial ischemia-reperfusion. Methods Forty-eight healthy New Zealand white rabbits of both sexes weighing 3.2-3.5kg were anesthetized with intramuscular ketamine 70mg?kg-1. The animals were tracheotomized and intubated and mechanically ventilated. PaCO2 was maintained at 4-4.5kPa. Sternum was longitudinally splitted. Left anterior descending branch of coronary artery was exposed and mobilized and a fine rubber tube was placed around it for occlusion of the artery. The occlusion of the artery was confirmed by cynosis of the area of myocardium involved and ECG which showed elevation of S-T segment. The animals were randomly allocated to one of 6 groups of 8 animals in each group: sham-operation group (P) ; ischemia / preconditioning group (IP) ; and three groups pretreated with isoflurane (I), sevoflurane (S) and desflurane (D) . Each group except group P was subjected to 3h occlusion of left anterior descending artery followed by 3h reperfusion. Group I, S and D were pretreated with inhalation of 1.1% isoflurane, 2% sevoflurane or 6% desflurane for 30 min followed by 15 min washout. The heart was then removed after ischemia-reperfusion. Infarct size and ischemic area were determined by dual staining with triphenyltetrazolium chloride and Evan' s blue. DNA laddering in the border zone of myocardial ischemic area was revealed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Apoptosis index (A I ) was obtained by flow cytometry. Results The infarct size, expressed as the percentage of the ischemic area was (60.8?10.8)% in ischemia-reperfusion group and was greatly reduced in group IP (33.1 ?4.9)%, group I (39.0?5.9)%, group S (30.9 ?6.8)% and group D (32.2? 7.5)% (P

Objective:To study the influernce of circadian genes hClock and hBmal1 on the chemosensitivity of SGC-7901 cells. Methods: SGC-7901 cells were cultivated under continuous darkness in vitro.The expression levels of the two main circadian genes hClock and hBmal1 at the different time were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Docetaxel was administered at the peak and nadir time point respectively. The inhibition of SGC-7901 cell proliferation was measured using a CCK-8 kit. Result:The expression of circadian genes hClock and hBmal1 varied at different times, as shown by real-time PCR. The expression of circadian genes hClock and hBmal1 showed Phase oseillation. The maximum expression of hClock and hBmal1 mRNA was at 20:00. whereas their minimum expression was at 08:00. The inhibition ratio of docetaxel to SGC-7901 cells at the maximum expression of hClock and hBmal1 genes was lower than that at the minimum expression. Conclusion:Circadian Genes hClock and hBmal1 can reduce the drug sensitivity of SGC-7901 cell line to docetaxel in vitro.

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of acupoint injection at Neiguan (PC 6) plus acupuncture in treating insomnia due to heart-kidney disharmony.
Methods: A hundred patients with insomnia due to heart-kidney disharmony were randomized into an observation group and a control group. Fifty-three cases in the observation group were intervened by acupoint injection at Neiguan (PC 6) plus acupuncture; while 54 cases in the control group were intervened by acupuncture alone. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was evaluated before and after intervention, and the therapeutic efficacies of the two groups were compared.
Results: Acupoint injection at Neiguan (PC 6) plus acupuncture produced significantly higher efficacies in improving sleep quality, shortening sleep latency, and enhancing sleep efficiency than acupuncture alone (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The two groups both can improve the condition of insomnia; acupoint injection at Neiguan (PC 6) has significant advantages, manifested by a higher therapeutic efficacy for insomnia due to heart-kidney disharmony, higher safety evaluation, efficiency, and less adverse events, thus proper for clinical application.

Objective To evaluate the value of multi-slice CT enterography(MSCTE),capsule endoscopy(CE) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) findings score in the assessment of Crohn disease activity,prospectively.Methods One hundred and eight patients were diagnosed with CD by endoscopy combined with clinical or pathological results,and all of the patients' Crohn disease activity index(CDAI) were greater than or equal to 150.MSCTE were performed in all the patients.At the same time,48 and 60 patients of them were voluntary to accept CEUS and CE examination,respectively.The imaging score of the three different techniques was calculated.Patients' CDAI were calculated combined with the C-reactive protein(CRP) content and clinical feature.To analyze the correlation among the imaging score patients' CDAI,and CRP content,respectively using the Pearson method.Results The mean score of MSCTE,CEUS and CE were(7.6±2.7),(11.5 ±4.3) and(12.8±8.2),respectively.The patients' mean CDAI and CRP content were(296.1±93.5) and(23.7±5.2) mg/L,respectively.It was high correlation between MSCTE score and CDAI (r=0.916,P＜0.01),but it was moderate between CEUS(r=0.752,P＜0.01),CE(r=0.707,P＜0.01) score and CDAI.There was no evident correlation between MSCTE(r=0.167,P＞0.05),CEUS(r=0.200,P＞0.05) score and CRP content excepting the CE result(r=0.467,P＜0.01).Conclusions There was a good correlation between the MSCTE score and CDAI.We could use MSCTE findings score to assess the activity of CD patients prospectively.

Objective To investigate correlation between the results of drug susceptibility and the extent of drug-resistances in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. Methods Liquid culture and MTT test were used. Twelve anti-TB drug MICs and drug susceptibility testing of the 163 MTB strains from random clinical isolates were detected, which including RFP, INH, SM, EBM, OFLX, LVFX, MOX, AMK,CPM, PTA, CLA and PAIN. Results There are 67% (42/62) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to SM, 63% (51/81) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to INH, 77% (50/65) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to RFP, 41% ( 15/37 ) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to AMK,41% (12/29) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to CPM, 20% (12/60) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to EMB and 43% (25/58) Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains resistant to OFLX which MICs were equal to or more than 16 μg/ml, 8 μg/ml, 8 μg/ml, 16 μg/ml and 4 μg/ml, 4 μg/ml and 8 μg/ml,respectively. There were significant differences in the MICs of OFLX, LVFX and MOX in OFLX resistant strains (2-128, 1-32 and 0.0625-1 μg/ml, respectively) by ANOVA ( F = 16.874, P ＜ 0.001 ). The MICs of SM, INH, RFP, EMB, OFLX, AMK and CPM in isolates resistant to six or seven drugs (0.5-128,2-64,0.25-128,1-32,1-64,0.5-128 and 1-128 μg/ml,respectively) were higher than those (0.25-128,0.0625-64,0.25-32,0.25-2,0.125-2,0.5-4 and 1-4 μg/ml,respectively) in isolates resistant to one or two drugs (F=20.066, 40.499, 47. 197, 70.373, 91.432, 41.840 and 21.547, respectively, P ＜0.05). The MICs of SM, INH, RFP and EMB in isolates resistant to four drugs (1-128,2-64,0.25-128 and 1-32 μg/ml,respectively ) were higher than those ( 0.25-128,0.0625-64, 0.25-64 and 0.25-2 μg/ml,respectively) in isolates resistant to one or two drugs (F = 26.242, 23.563, 31.541 and 64.469,respectively, P ＜0.05).The MICs of RFP in MDR isolates (2-64 μg/ml) were higher than those (0. 25 μg/ml) in other resistant isolate except M DR isolates (F = 5.613, P <0.05). Conclusions The study shows that there are associations between the results of routine drug susceptibility testing and the resistant extent of anti-TB drugs. This could help doctors select more effective anti-TB regimen for TB patients according to the correlations.

Objective:To study the in vitro antimicrobial activity of traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair of euphorbia humifusa Willd. and portulaca oleracea L. . Methods: The antibacterial effect in vitro of the traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair and the single herb of euphorbia humifusa Willd. and portulaca oleracea L. was studied on staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and pseudo-monas aeruginosa by the 2-fold dilution method and the broth micro-dilution method in a 96-well plate. The minimum inhibitory con-centration ( MIC) , minimum bactericidal concentration ( MBC) and the diameter of inhibition zone were determined. Results:The ex-perimental strains showed the different sensitivity among the traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair and the single herb. The antibac-terial and bactericidal activity of the traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair was the most obvious(P<0. 05). As the temperature in-creasing, the antibacterial activity of all water extract on different experimental strains changed. The results of MIC and MBC showed that the effects of water extract on escherichia coli were strongest, that of stapphylococcus aureus were secong, ant that of pseudomonas aeruginosa were relatively weak. Conclusion:The traditional Chinese medicine herbal pair of euphorbia humifusa Willd. and portulaca oleracea L. has antibacterial and bactericidal activity in varying degrees on the experimental strains with some differences, and the changes in the application forms of traditional Chinese medicines has great influence on the antibacterial and bactericidal ability.

Objective This study aims to investigate the clinical value of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP)combined with strontium-89 (89 Sr)on patients with spinal malignant tumor.Methods Seventy four patients who were diagnosed as spinal malig-nant tumor were divided into two groups randomly.37 patients of the control group were treated by PVP only,and 37 patients of joint group were treated by PVP and 89 Sr together.Then the clinical effect of the joint group and control group was compared after treatment.Results After treatment,the quality of life,ratio of pain relief,clinical effect and survival time in joint group were dis-tinctly better than control group (P <0.05).Conclusion PVP combined with 89 Sr can be an effective and safe treatment for pa-tients with spinal malignant tumor.

ObjectiveTo explore the electrophysiological mechanisms of the schizophrenic patients with aggressive or violent behaviors.MethodsAccess the aggressive behaviors of schizophrenic patients being treated in hospitals or clinics with the revised MOAS in accordance with the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria,and sort the qualified patients into two groups:the group of aggressive or violent schizophrenia (Aggressive Group,n=70) and the group of non-aggressive or non-violent schizophrenia ( Non-Aggressive Group,n =65 ) ; 60 age- and gendermatched healthy people were collected as Healthy Group.P300 tests were carried out on patients in these three groups with the MEB-9200 Nicolet Bravo Instrument by the Nihon Kohden Corporation.Results ( 1 ) latency P3a of the Aggressive Group on Cz point exceeded that of the Non-Aggressive Group (P =0.01 ),and that of the Non-Aggressive Group exceeded that of the Healthy Group.All these disparities were of statistical significance (P ＜0.01 ).Latency P3a of the Aggressive Group on Fz point exceeds that of the Non-Aggressive Group,and that of the Non-Aggressive Group exceeded that of Healthy Group.All these disparities are also of stafistical significance (P＜0.01).(2)N2' amplitude of the Aggressive Group on Cz point was higher than those of the Non-Aggressive Group and the Healthy Group.This disparity was of statistical significance(P ＜ 0.05 ) and the disparity between the Non-Aggressive Group and the Healthy Group did not have statistical significance (P =0.985 ).ConclusionCharacteristic electrophysiological changes exist in the event-related potentials P300 of schizophrenic patients with aggressive or violent behaviors.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the pathogenesis of pulmonary artery hypertension, we observed the dynamic expression of TGF-β1 and CTGF in rats with high blood flow. METHODS: Fifty adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a sham group (group S) and groups with right pneumonectomy for 1, 2, 4 and 6 weeks (PE1, PE2, PE4 and PE6 group), 10 rats per group. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), vessel morphometry and right ventricle hypertrophy index (RVHI) were measured. TGF-β1 and CTGF protein expression in the lung tissues were determined with immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The expression of TGF-β1 mRNA and CTGF mRNA in the lung tissues was evaluated by RT-PCR. RESULTS: Compared with group S, the mPAP and RVHI in the rats were significantly increased in group PE1, PE2, PE4, and PE6 (P<0.05); the indicators of vascular remodeling [(MA+PMA)%, RMT, and RMA] were markedly elevated in group PE4 and PE6 (P<0.05), but not in group PE1 and PE2. Immunohistochemical staining of TGF-β1 and CTGF were more prominent in all of the right pneumonectomy groups than in the sham group. Western blot showed that the level of TGF-β1 protein was significantly increased in all of the right pneumonectomy groups (P<0.01), and the peak was observed in group PE2, whereas the level of CTGF protein was markedly elevated in group PE4 and PE6 (P<0.05), but no change was noticed in group PE1 and PE2. Compare to group S, the mRNA level of TGF-β1 was dramatically increased in all right pneumonectomy groups (P<0.01), peaked at group PE2, and remained high in group PE4 and PE6. In contrast, the elevation of mRNA level of CTGF was not significant in group PE1, but group PE2, PE4 and PE6 demonstrated significant mRNA level of CTGF (P<0.01). Correlation analysis showed that the protein and mRNA levels of CTGF were positively correlated with RMT and RMA ( r=0.743, r=0.906; P<0.05), while no correlation between the protein and mRNA level of TGF-β1 with RMT or RMA. There was no correlation between the mRNA level of TGF-β1 and CTGF. CONCLUSION TGF-β1 and CTGF play a role in the pathogenesis of increased pulmonary blood flow-induced pulmonary hypertension.
Animals ; Connective Tissue Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; metabolism ; Lung ; metabolism ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism