Objectives To investigate the effect of electric vagal stimulation on the gene expression of injured myocardium from ischemia/reperfusion rat model and explore the involved molecular mechanism.Methods Twenty Sprague Dawley male rats were randomly selected and divided into 2 groups evenly:ischemia/reperfusion group (I/R group),and vagus nerve stimulation group (STM group).The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated and subjected to 30 min of myocardial ischemia followed by 2 h of reperfusion.In addition,10 min before reperfusion,left cervical vagus nerve of STM group was subjected to electronic stimulation at 5 V,2 ms and 1 Hz for 20 min.After 120 min of reperfusion,every group was randomly divided into two parts.One part that myocardium was collected from left ventricle was applied to determine the area of myocardial infarction.The RNA isolated from another part of the ischemic myocardium collected from left ventricle was hybridized to get gene expression profiles and the quality of hybridized RNA from both I/R and STM group was assessed and analyzed.GeneSpring software was applied to screen out the genes,which show significant difference between groups I/R and STM.Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to analyze the expression of important genes.Results (1)The area of myocardial infarction of STM (25.5 ± 3.9) ％ was significant reduced relative to L/R group (45.5 ± 4.8) ％ (P ＜ 0.05).(2)The expression levels of 186 genes were changed significantly,and analyzed by Gene ontology (GO) software,there were 3 kinds of genes were affected.The upregulated genes were reported to show protective effect on myocardium.The downregulated gene was relative to inflammation.(3)The RT-PCR result confirmed the genechip assay.Conclusions Electric vagal stimulation can reduce myocardial I/R injury in rats.Significant change of the gene expression was detected between groups I/R and STM.The results suggest that activation of cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway be involved in the mechanism.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of expiratory flow limitation(EFL) detected by negative(NEP) and the correlation between EFL and routine lung function measurements(Forced expiratory volume in first second,FEV1),EFL and MRC dyspnea scale,in patients with stable and acute asthma,to find a simple,reliable and objective method for the diagnosis,differential diagnosis,the severity of disease and evaluation of severity and efficacy of treatment for asthma,and a objective method reflecting the severity of dyspnea.Methods Sixty-four children enrolled in No.306 Hospital of PLA from Jun.to Dec.in 2012 were included in this study.The severity of dyspnea was rated according to the dyspnea scale proposed by the Medical Research Council(MRC).Then routine pulmonary ventilation function tests and NEP technique were performed respectively.Result (1) All asthmatic patients tolerated NEP well.(2) Pulmonary ventilation function tests:The mean FEV1 in 64 was 71.33 ± 13.92％ pred.(3) MRC dyspnea scale:MRC dyspnea scale was 2 in 10,1 in 54 of 64 children with stable asthma.The Spearman' s correlation coefficient of MRC dyspnea scale with FEV1 was-0.635(P ＜0.05).(4)EFL detected by NEP:There were no EFL in 46 children with asthma both in seated and supine positions.There were EFL in 8 children both in seated and supine positions and in 10 only in supine position..The Spearman's correlation coefficient of three-point EFL score with FEV1 and MRC dyspnea scale was-0.607 and 0.964(P ＜ 0.05) respectively.The Spearman's correlation coefficient of five-point EFL score with FEV1 and MRC dyspnea scale was-0.626 and 0.966 (P ＜ 0.05)respectively.Conclusion (1) NEP technique can be used in children with asthma.(2) There was a significant correlation between EFL detected by NEP technique and FEV1.(3) There is a stronger correlation between EFL and MRC dyspnea scale than that between FEV1 and MRC dyspnea scale.

Objective To study the state-trait anxiety and behavior life style in patients with abrupt deafness before hyperbaric oxygen therapy and analyze the cause of abrupt deafness and untoward behavior life style for treatment. Methods Patients with abrupt deafness (60 cases) were investigated about their condition of state-trait anxiety and behavior life style by state-trait anxiety inventory (S-AI) and self-designed questionnaires. Results The score of S-AI was (47.55±8.32),which was higher than that of normal healthy people (39.31±8.66).Untoward behavior life style existed in many patiants,such as unreasonable diet,high mental pressure, unbalance of mental state, no disciplinarian in work and rest, un-healthy behavior life style, unmerited health seeking behavior, etc. Conclusions Nurses should supply health education about relative knowledge selectively to patients with abrupt deafness in order to increase the health seeking behavior and establish healthy behavior life style for them.

Objective A lot of drugs have side effects on the central nerves system. Especially in children. In vivo neurotoxicity tests are time-consuming and expensive. The neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells and amniotic fluid stem cells provides all ideal in vitro system that Can be applied to evaluate neurotoxicity of drugs. This study was to try to establish such a system. The kainie acid was selected to test the neurotoxicity. Methods The human embryonic stem cells and amniotic fluid stem cells were indueed to differentiate into neural cells by a chemically defined neural induction medium. The induced neural cells were propagated in the presence of basic fibroblast growth factor. Immunocytochemical staining Was applied to confirm these cells' neural identity. The induced cells were propagated under different concentration of kainic acid, then the gosh curve were made based on the cell numbers. Results Both of the human embryonic stem cells and amniotic fluid stem cells could be efficiently induced to be differentiated into neural cells. The neural differentiation efficiency of human embryonic stem cells is higher than that of human amniotic fluid stem cells. The kainic acid has neurotoxieity to the indueed neural cells. Conclusions The neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells and amniotic fluid stem cells were proved to provide a rapid and convenient approach for estimating the neurotoxlcity of drugs.

Human embryonic stem cell (hES cells) lines can be derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of preimplantation blastocysts.hES cells are commonly defined as undifferentiated pluripotent cells that can proliferate and have the capacity of both self-renewal and differentiation into one or more types of specialized cells.hES cells remain undifferentiated when culture on feeder layers,such as murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs).It is believed that various factors secreted from feeder layers are necessary to prevent hES cell from differentiation.In this review,we will summarize the advantages and disadvantages of various types of feeder cells by which a reference for future research will be provided.

Objective To study the value of 99Tcm-DTPA dynamic renography in evaluating the function of duplex kidneys in pediatric patients.Methods Twenty-five pediatric patients with duplex kidneys diagnosed by ultrasound or MR urography (MRU) were included (9 males,16 females; mean age:(23.80 ± 20.97) months,range:2-72 months).Twenty patients (9 males,11 females; mean age:(32.95 ± 23.58) months,range:2-72 months) with urinary tract infection but without duplex kidneys confirmed by ultrasound or MRU were chosen as control group during the same period of this study.All patients and controls were divided into two subgroups according to their ages (group Ⅰ,0-24 months; group Ⅱ,25-72 months).The research was approved by the ethics committee,and all patients' parents (or guardians) signed informed consents.The time-activity curve was generated on the dynamic imaging data automatically with GFR calculated.The uptake rates of the upper and lower moieties were measured by drawing the corresponding ROIs in the duplex kidney.Dunnett-t test was used for statistical analysis.Results There were 25 patients with 26 duplex kidneys (1 case bilateral),16 on the left and 10 on the right.The time-activity curve of 6 cases was normal,9 with continuously upward type,4 with high level plateau type,2 with parabolic type and 5 with low level plateau type.There were 19 abnormal kidneys in group Ⅰ and 7 in group Ⅱ,and 20 kidneys in each control subgroup.The GFR of patients with normal renography was (78.81 ± 15.97) ml/min (group Ⅰ) and (64.68 ± 11.15) ml/min (group Ⅱ),continuously upward type was (72.11 ±22.76) ml/min (group Ⅰ) and (63.41 ± 16.42) ml/min (group Ⅱ),high level plateau and parabolic types were (68.74 ± 16.17) ml/min and (65.26 ± 15.27) ml/min in group Ⅰ,respectively.There was no statistically significant difference between the GFR of different renography type groups and that of the controls (group Ⅰ:(79.35 ±13.31) ml/min,group Ⅱ (76.46 ±9.69) ml/min;all P ＞0.05).The GFR of patients with low level plateau type was (45.83 ± 10.17) ml/min (group Ⅰ) and (45.53 ± 10.42) ml/min (group Ⅱ).There was statistically significant difference between the GFR of two subgroups of low level plateau type and that of control group,respectively (both P ＜ 0.05).Among the 26 abnormal kidneys,23 could be separated into upper and lower moieties.Among the 23 duplex kidneys,15 cases had uptake rate less than 10％ of that of the whole kidney,5 cases ranging from 10％ to 30％,and 3 cases greater than 30％.Conclusions Quantitative evaluation of duplex kidney functions can be performed with 99Tcm-DTPA renography.It may provide important information for the management of pediatric patients with duplex kidneys.

Introduced in this paper are the current situation of biobank in China in the context of precision medicine.As a vital platform of precision medicine,biobank constitutes a resource support for this plan.Establishing high quality biobank has important implications for the implement of precision medicine in China.This paper focused on the problems existing in biobank development in the context of precision medicine and put forward corresponding countermeasures as well as suggestions.

Objective To identify the early warning signs of severe preeclampsia (SPE). Methods A case-control (1: 2) observational study was conducted. Forty-seven pregnant women with SPE, who attended the prenatal clinics of Peking University Third Hospital regularly from Jan. 2002 to Dec. 2007, were selected as the study group, including 12 early onset and 35 late onset ones. The control group consisted of 94 healthy singleton pregnant women at the same period. Clinical data were collected and analyzed. Results (1) The basal body mass index (BMI) showed no difference between the study and control group [(23.27±4.31)kg/m2 vs (21.52±3.09)kg/m2, P>0.05]. (2) The net increase of BMI in the study group before the onset of SPE was higher than that in the control [(5.60±2.17)kg/m2 vs (4.85±1.52)kg/m2, P<0.05] and the increase of BMI per week was also higher [(0.74±0.41)kg/(m2*w)-1 vs (0.23±0.18)kg/(m2*w)-1, P<0.01]. The sensitivity and specificity of BMI increase per week in predicting SPE was 84% and 81% at a cut-off value of 0.39 kg/(m2*w)-1, respectively, and 79% and 91% at 0.41 kg/(m2*w)-1 correspondingly. (3) During the third trimester and before the onset of SPE, the weight gain per week in the study group was higher than that of the control [(0.93±0.70)kg vs (0.63±0.20)kg, P<0.01]. Significant difference was also found in the net weight gain between the two groups (P<0.01), but not in the percentage of women with excessive weight gain (>0.50 kg/w) [60%(25/42) in the study group vs 63%(53/84) in the control group, P>0.05]. (4) Higher percentage of women experienced pre-hypertension in the study group than in the controls [17%(8/47) vs 5%(5/94), P<0.01]. (5) In the study group, 53%(25/47) of the women had edema before SPE onset, but the figure dropped to 18% (17/94) in the controls(P<0.01). (6) Eight women in the study group and one in the control group suffered from hypoproteinemia before SPE onset with the average level of plasma albumin of (32.6±1.6)g/L and(38.4±2.1)g/L(P<0.01), respectively. (7) Proteinuria was reported in 10 cases (21%)in the study group and 4(4%) in the controls (P<0.01). (8) Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors for SPE included edema (OR=6.16,95%CI:2.29-16.57),pre-hypertension (OR=6.21,95%CI:1.56-24.77),proteinuria (OR=9.68,95%CI:1.86-50.30), and weight gain >0.85 kg/w during the third trimester (OR=11.60,95%CI:3.54-37.97). Conclusions Edema, excessive weight gain,pre-hypertension and hypoproteinemia are early warning signs of SPE. Pregnant women with the above signs required close monitoring during prenatal care.

Objective To investigate the role of opioid receptors and vagus and sympathetic nerves in the remifentanil-induced cardiovascular depression in rabbits. Methods Forty 2-6 months old New Zealand white rebbits of both sexes weighing 1.5-2.5 kg were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 8 each): group Ⅰ remifentanil (group R); group Ⅱ naloxone + remifentanil (group N+ R); group Ⅲ vagus nerve cut-off +remifentanil (group V+ R); group Ⅳ epidural block + remifentanil (group S+ R) and group V vagus nerve cutoff + epidural block + remifentanil (group V + S + R). The animals were anesthetized, tracheostomized and mechanically ventilated. PaCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mm Hg. Vecuronium 0.3 mg/kg was given iv every 40 min to keep muscle relaxed. Right carotid artery was cannulated for continuous MAP monitoring. ECG was continuously monitored. A bolus of remifentanil 5.0 μg/kg was administered iv in all 5 groups. In group N + R naloxone 40μg was given iv about 2 min before remifentanil. In group V + R bilateral vagus nerves were cut off through neck incision. After HR and MAP had stabilized for 30 min, remifentanil was given iv. In group S + R epidural block was performed at L6.7 interspace with 2% lidocaine to block cardiac sympathetic nerves. When HR and MAP decreased by 20% of the baseline values and stabilized for 30 min remifentanil was given iv. In group V + S + R bilateral vagus nerves were cut off first. Then epidural block was performed before remifentanil administration. MAP and HR were recorded at 1 min before iv remifentanil administration (T0 ), at 30 s (T1), 1,2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min (T2-9 ) after remifentanil administration. Results Intravenous remifentanil 5.0 μg/kg significantly decreased HR at T1 and MAP at T1-7 as compared with those at T0 in group R. Pretreatmentwith naloxone 40 μg prevented remifentanil-induced decrease in MAP but did not affect remifentanil-induced decrease in HR in group N + R. Vagus nerve cut-off and sympathetic block induced by epidural anesthesia performed before iv remifentanil did not affect remifentanil-induced cardiac depression in group V + R, S + R and V + S + R. Conclusion Opioid receptors and vagus and sympathetic nerves are not related to remifentanil-induced decrease in HR. Remifentanil induces decrease in MAP by activating opioid receptors.

Objective To compare the clinical and MRI characteristics of pituitary macroadenoma between male and female patients. Methods Two hundred and thirty patients with pathologically diagnosed pituitary macroadenomas (104 mlaes and 126 females) were divided into two groups according to different gender. Patient age, the ratio of intratumoral hemorrhage and cavernous sinus invasion, and tumor volume were calculated in each group and compared between the two groups. The constitution of different pathological types was also compared. Results The age, ratio of intratumoral hemorrhage and cavernous sinus invasion, and tumor volume was (44.8±13.2) years old, 21.15% (22/104), 50.00% (52/104), and 6100.48 (mm3, median) in the male group and (44.8±11.9) years old, 28.57% (36/126), 48.41% (61/126) and 5037.05 (mm3, median) in the female group, respectiveluy. There was no statistical difference between the two groups regarding to patient age, the ratio of intratumoral hemorrhage and cavernous sinus invasion, tumor volume, and constitution of pathological types (P=0.972, P=0.197, P=0.811, P=0.189, P=0.093, respectively). Conclusion Pituitary macroadenomas show no gender preference in clinical and MRI characteristics.