Through literature retrieval, the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in peri-anesthesia period are summarized. It is found out that TEAS can reduce anesthetics consumption, relieve stress reaction of surgery, stabilize patients' hemodynamics, reduce surgical complication and improve immune function and quality of recovery; besides, it has protective function on heart, brain, liver, stomach, intestines and so on. However, except certain analgesic effect, the sham TEAS and transcutaneous electrial nerve stimulation do not have other functions of TEAS. The acupoint selection and stimulation parameter of TEAS in assisting anesthesia are still needed be improved and united.
Acupuncture Points ; Anesthesia ; Electric Stimulation ; Hemodynamics ; Humans ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

BACKGROUND: With the improvement of artificial joint materials, continuous consummation of prothesis design and the maturity of total knee replacement (TKR), excellent effects has been achieved in treatment of serious rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis with TKR. At present, it is generally thought in China and abroad that staged rehabilitative treatment of step by step should be conducted as early as possible after TKR, which can promote the recovery of patient's knee joint function, and enable patients to freely care themselves so as to enhance their qualities of life.OBJECTIVE: To explain the rehabilitative treatment after TKR and relevant researches.DATA SOURCES: A computer based search of Medline database for relevant articles from January 1998 to August 2005 were conducted with the key words of "total knee replacement, rehabilitation, therapy" and the language was limited to English. Meanwhile, Chinese journal full-text database and Wanfang database were retrieved for relevant Chinese papers from January 1990 to December 2004 with the key words of "total knee replacement, rehabilitation, therapy".STUDY SELECTION: Data were checked in the first trial, accepting criteria:①Items, procedures, process and announcements in the rehabilitative treatment after TKR. ② Retrospective investigations about specific cases. Exclusive criteria: repetitive researches.DATA EXTRACTION: A total of 37 literatures in accordance with above requirements were retrieved and 22 repetitive researches were excluded.Fifteen articles were in accordance with the inclusive criteria: 3 were reviews about TKR and relevant rehabilitative treatment, 8 were clinical researches related to rehabilitative treatment after TKR, 4 were analyzing researches on relevant factors of rehabilitative treatment after TKR. Besides,there were 3 other relevant monographs.DATA SYNTHESIS: Rehabilitative treatment was extremely important to the clinical effects of TKR, which was the key reason why anticipated effects could be achieved after TKR. Exercise for power, training of motion of joint, proprioceptive sensation training and gait training were the most important contents of postoperative rehabilitation treatment. Comprehensive rehabilitative training was essential to maximum recovery of knee joint function including various agonistic muscle training plus extending and flexing power of knee joint; continuous passive training of motion of knee joint in early period plus motion of joint; proprioceptive sensation training in amelioration of motor controllability, postural rectification and balance-keep capability and gait training in correction of abnormal gait.CONCLUSION: Staged rehabilitative treatment of step by step after TKR should be conducted as early as possible, which is absolutely important to exercise for power, training of motion of joint, proprioceptive sensation training, gait training and promotion of functional recovery of knee joints in patients.

Objective To established a method for the content determination of ginsenoside Rg1 in Yushangling Capsules by HPLC. Methods HPLC was used with the C18 column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-0.5% phosphoric acid (24∶76). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min, the column temperature was 25 ℃, and the detection wave was set at 205 nm. Results The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.05～0.80 ?g. The regression equation was Y =3629375.5X+2517.1, r =0.9998. The average recovery was 100.48% and RSD was 1.59%. Conclusion The method is simple, accurate and suitable for the content determination of ginsenoside Rg1 in Yushangling Capsules.

Objective: To compare the volatile compounds extracted from Rhodiola renulata respectively by HS-SPME and SD. Methods:The volatile constituents from Rhodiola crenulata were extracted respectively by HS-SPME and SD, and then the contents and the names were confirmed by GC-MS. Results:Totally 39 compounds were identified from Rhodiola crenulata by HS-SPME while 16 ones were identified by SD. Among them, 4 common compounds were detected. Conclusion: There are some differences between the two methods. Compared with SD, HS-SPME is obviously better because more volatile constituents can be extracted from the herb, furthermore, HS-SPME has notable advantages of higher retrieval matching and sensitivity.

The data of 6 patients with tertiary hyperparathyroidism were retrospectively analyzed.The first symptom in 3 patients was bone ache,1 with lower extremity weakness,1 with swelling of lower limbs,and 1 with increase serum alkaline phosphatase.5 patients had past history of renal failure,1 case suffered from severe intestinal malabsorption,and 4 of them had renal transplantation.X-ray showed subperiosteal bone resorption,bone demineralization,or cellulose osteitis.5 subjects presented with osteoporosis,and 1 of them had fractures.Left atrioventricular membrane calcification and gluteal calcification were found in each of 2 cases.4 patients suffered from hypercalcaemia,2 patients with normal serum calcium,4 with hypophosphataemia,and 6 with high levels of PTH.Pathological results showed adenoma in parathyroid gland in 4 patients and enlarged parathyroid glands in 2 patients.Serum calcium and PTH levels returned to normal after operation and calcium supplement.

Objective To establish the quality standard of Fufang Tianma Gouteng Orally Disintegrating Tablets. Methods Gastrodiae Rhizoma, Uncariae Ramulus Cum Uncis, Angelicae Sinensis Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba in the preparation were identified by TLC, the content of gastrodin in gastrodia was determined by HPLC. Results The herbs of preparation could be identified by TLC without interference. Gastrodin showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.191 2-1.147 2 μg (r=0.999 9). The average recovery was 97.72% (RSD=1.40%, n=6). Conclusion The methods are available with a good reproducibility, and can control the quality of the preparation effectively.

Objective To determine the biological reference interval of urinary conductivity in healthy people and to study the relationship between urine conductivity and other parameters as well as its clinical feasibility.Methods Conductivities of midstream urine specimen from healthy people (n=10119,5074 males and 5045 females,aged under 96 years) or patients with different diseases (n=3449) were determined.Among them the following parameters:conductivity,osmolality,specific gravity,creatinine,urea,uric acid,sodium,potassium and chloride of 250 random urine specimens were simultaneously determined.Results The urinary conductivities in healthy people exhibited normal distribution and significant differences were found in the subjects with different age and sex.The reference range of urinary conductivity was between 10.42?4.61 mS/ch and 24.10?6.81 mS/ch in healthy people and between 7.95 mS/ch?2.40 and 18.01?5.90 mS/ch in the patients with different diseases.Conductivity determined was positively correlated with osmolality (r:0.894),specific gravity (r:0.727),sodium (r:0.698),potassium (r:0.563),chloride (r:758),uric acid (r:0.521),urea (r:0.556) and creatinine (r:0.495).Conclusions Urine conductivity,which determination is simple and rapid,may reflect the conductive capacity of electrolytes in urine and positively correlated with osmolality,so it can be used as a new parameter for urinalysis to diagnose renal concentrative function in routine laboratory.

ObjectiveTo establish the proper review rules for the microscopic screening of urine samples tested by automatic urinalysis work station which is composed of LabUMat urine dry chemical analyzer and Urised urine sedimental analyzer.Methods The paired comparison was used to analyze the results tested by microscopy and Urised.A total of 2015 random urine samples were enrolled to establish and validate review rules.All the samples were collected from the inpatients and ontpatients of General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army from May to November 2011 and tested by urinalysis work station.2015 urine samples were firstly tested by urinalysis work station,including both urine dry chemical analyzer and urine sediments analyzer.Then each urine sample was examined microscopically by two technicians-in-charge using double-blind method.The average results from the two technicians were used as review results.Compared with review results,we set up the review rules and evaluated the Irue positive rate,false positive rate,true negative rate,false negative rate (omission diagnostic rate) and review rate.According to different test methods by automatic urinalysis work station,four microscopic review protocols were defined:( 1 ) Protocol 1:based on chemistry results only,microscopy review was performed when any of WBC,RBC,PRO and NIT was positive; (2) Protocol 2:based on urine sedimental analysis only,microscopy review was performed when any of WBC,RBC and CAST count was over upper limit of the reference range ; (3) Protocol 3:if any of BLD vs.RBC,LEU vs.WBC was different between two systems,or quantitative results had two or more than two gradient differences,microscopy review was performed; (4) Protocol 4:if any of BLD vs.RBC,LEU vs.WBC was different between two systems,or CAST was over upper limit of the reference range,or alam appeared,microscopic review was performed.300 randomly selected urine samples were tested to validate the review rules.Omission diagnostic rate and review rate were used to evaluate the rules.Results According to our review rules,the positive samples rate was 41.14％ (829/2015) and the negative rate was 58.86％ ( 1186/2015 ) ; Positive samples were composed of RBC (50.30％),WBC (53.32％) and CAST (3.74％).The review rates of four protocols were 42.93％ (865/2015),39.70％ (810/2015),29.58％(596/2015),18.91％ (381/2015 ),respectively.The false negative rates (omission diagnostic rates) were 6.36％ (128/2015),4.42％ (89/2015),1.34％ (27/2015)and 1.04％ (21/2015)respectively.Protocol 4 was selected as an ideal plan.Additional 300 urine samples were tested using protocol 4 in order to confirm the review rule.The review rate,consistency rate,true positive rate,false positive rate,true negative rate,omission diagnostic rate were 19.67％ (59/300),91.67％ (275/300),35.67％ (107/300),7.67％(23/300),56.00％ (168/300),0.67％ (2/300),respectively.After image review revised,the review rate was 8.67％ (26/300).ConclusionThe review rules established by our research for Urinalysis Work Station can find the abnormal urine samples effectively and exactly and can reduce the workload significantly.(Chin J Lab Med,2012,35:810-814)

ObjectiveTo investigate the association of phosphorylation of mammalian target protein of rapamycin (pmTOR) expression with glioma malignancy grades,and the correlation of pmTOR expression with Survivin and Ki-67,which represent tumor cell anti-apoptosis ability and reproductive activity.MethodsImmunohistochemistry EliVision method was employed to detect the expression of pmTOR,Survivin and Ki-67 in paraffin tissues from 87 patients with glioma (grade Ⅰ - Ⅱ 27 cases,grade Ⅲ24 cases and grade Ⅳ 36 cases).The association between positive expression rate,level of pmTOR and malignancy grades,and the correlation of its expression level with Survivin and Ki-67 were further evaluated.Results There was no significant difference in the positive expression rate of pmTOR among grade Ⅰ - Ⅱ(77.8％,21/27),grade Ⅲ(75.0％,18/24) and grade Ⅳ (72.2％,23/36) (P ＞ 0.05).However,the significant association between pmTOR expression level and malignancy grades was observed.The expression from 87 patients with glioma was significantly positively correlated with Survivin and Ki-67 expression level (r =0.858,P ＜ 0.01 ;r =0.708,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsThe expression level of pmTOR is associated with malignancy grades,tumor cell anti-apoptosis ability and reproductive activity.pmTOR may be served as a useful marker for predicting the biological behavior of glioma and a useful target for gene therapy.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationships between the characteristics of the upper airway anatomy, including the basis nasi, and the severity of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS). METHODSFifty OSAHS patients and 40 normal subjects received three-dimensional CT scan and poly somnography(PSG). Variables between the two groups were compared. The association between the PSG parameters and the upper airway anatomic features were analyzed. RESULTSThere were significant differences in several CT variables between OSAHS patients and normal subjects(P<0.05), including the minimal lateral airway dimension and the minimal cross-sectional airway area of both velopharynx and glossopharynx, the minimal anterior-posterior airway dimension of velopharynx, and the airway width of basis nasi. The result of logistic regression analysis suggested that the minimal cross-sectional airway area of velopharynx and the airway width of basis nasi were significant predictors of the OSAHS(P<0.05, the values of the odds ratio were 0.978 and 0.589). The correlation analysis suggested that the airway width and the airway area of basis nasi both correlated significantly with several CT variables of pharynx(P<0.05), among these results, the correlation coefficents between these two variables and the mCSA of velopharynx were 0.536 and 0.425 respectively. CONCLUSIONNarrowed basis nasi and velopharynx might be important anatomical features in OSAHS patients. There are correlations between the characteristics of basis nasi and the anatomy of pharyngeal airway.