OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to synthesize a novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler that contains a quaternary ammonium salt with long chain alkyl and to report the antibacterial property of dental resin composites.

METHODSA novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler that contains a quaternary ammonium salt with long chain alkyl was synthesized based on previous research. The antibacterial property of the filler was measured. The surface of the novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler was modified by a coupling agent to achieve a good interfacial bonding between the filler and the resin matrix. Infrared spectrum analysis was carried out. The modified novel nano-antibacterial inorganic fillers were then incorporated into the dental resin matrix. The dispersion of the fillers was observed and compared with those incorporated into Tetric N-Ceram, a commercial resin composite, under a scanning electron microscope. Streptococcus mutans was used in testing the antibacterial property of the dental resin composites.

RESULTSA quaternary ammonium salt with a long chain alkyl was successfully grafted onto the surface of nano-silica particles. The novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler that contains quaternary ammonium salt with a long chain alkyl showed stronger antibacterial efficacy than the antibacterial inorganic filler that contains quaternary ammonium salt with a short chain alkyl. The modified novel antibacterial inorganic fillers displayed a homogeneous dispersion in the resin composite bulk and combined closely with the resin matrix, similar to the Tetric N-Ceram. The resin composites that contain novel antibacterial inorganic fillers showed stronger antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONThe novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler that contains a quaternary ammonium salt with long chain alkyl showed a strong antibacterial property. It also exhibited good compatibility with the dental resin matrix after undergoing coupling treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of implementation of hand hygiene(HH)activities on HH compliance among health care workers(HCWs).Methods In May-December 2013,a series of HH intervention measures in a hospital were implemented,compliance to HH among all clinical and laboratory HCWs in April-December 2013 (before and after in-tervention)were surveyed and compared.Results After implementing HH activities,HH compliance rate of HCWs in-creased from 39.82% before intervention to 80.77% after intervention,HH compliance rates of doctors,nurses and clean-ing staff increased from 41.09%,41.30% and 34.33% before intervention to 83.87%,91.89%,and 59.54% after inter-vention respectively,the differences between before and after intervention were all statistically significant (all P <0.001). Except intensive care unit,HH compliance rates of HCWs in departments of surgery,internal medicine,and radiotherapy were all higher than pre-intervention(all P <0.001).Compliance to five indications for HH among HCWs after interven-tion were all higher than pre-intervention(all P <0.001 ),HH compliance rate before touching a patient increased from 23.88% to 73.37%,before clean/aseptic procedure increased from 58.65% to 94.23%.Conclusion Through the imple-mentation and supervision of HH activities,both the awareness and compliance of HH among HCWs have been significant-ly improved,good HH habit is gradually developed.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of galactomannan(GM) detection for invasive aspergillosis infections in pediatric patients, a Meta-analysis was performed.Methods According to selection criteria, studies indexed by PubMed,EMBASE,Medline,CNKI and Wanfang Data on GM testing in pediatric aspergillosis were included from January 2001 to November 2012. The methodological quality was assessed by QUADAS, sources of heterogeneity investigated, pooled effect quantities evaluated, and summary receiver operative curves(ROC) and subgroup analysis performed.Stata12.0 was used to analyze diagnostic parameters, such as, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and area under the curve(AUC). Results Thirteen articles with 16 sets of data were included.The weighted sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence interval were 0.71(0.60-0.79)and 0.94(0.89-0.96), respectively.Under different cut-off values, sensitivities of GM assay in diagnosis of pediatric aspergillosis were 0.71(0.54-0.84) for 0.5, 0.77(0.64-0.87) for 0.8, 0.72(0.58-0.84) for 1.0 and 0.59(0.39-0.76) for 1.5, and its responding specificities were 0.94(0.89-0.97), 0.89(0.82-0.93), 0.89(0.81-0.94) and 0.91(0.88-0.94).Conclusion Under the cut-off value of 0.8, the GM assay is a useful method in the detection of pediatric invasive aspergillosis.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in the treatment of sacrococcygeal decubitus ulcers grade Ⅲ with direct polymerizing suture after appling rhEGF to reinforce wound bed preparation (WBP). Methods From January 2007 to October 2009, 60 patients with sacrococcygeal decubitus ulcers Grade Ⅲ, were divided into control group and treatment group. The ulcer size was 3 cm × 4 cm to 10 cm × 12 cm and all ulcers were infected for 15-70 d. Treatment group received traditional dressing change and appling rhEGF to reinforce wound bed preparation. Control group received traditional dressing change only. The operative technique that we used in two groups was direct polymerizing suture. Cure rate of stage Ⅰ and complication morbidities were analyzed. Results Cure rate of stage Ⅰ was 87% in treatment group and 70% in control group. Complication morbidities were 13% in treatment group and 30% in control group. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Appling rhEGF to reinforce wound bed preparation before operation could make subsequent treatment more effective and improve the cure ratio of operation with decreasing complications and morbidities. And more, dissecting under fascia possesses the advantages of easiness to perform and rich blood supply.The method of appling rhEGF with direct polymerizing suture is a simple, high efficient approach for the first repairment of sacrococcygeal decubitus ulcers grade Ⅲ, especially desirable for the elderly.

Objection To observe the change rules of quantity and species of diatom sin Hunhe River in Shenyang and to provide technology and scientific evidence for drow ning identification and the location of drow ning in forensic investigation. Methods In 2011, different locations for collecting water sam pleswere chosen in Hunhe River in Shenyang. Water sam pleswere collected and variation of quantity and species of diatom swere observed every month. And variation of dom inant species of diatom swas ob-served every week. Results The quantity, speciesand dom inant species of diatom sin Hunhe River in Shenyang varied with different tim eand locations. The quantity and species of diatom swere lowest from Decem ber to February and gradually increased, reaching peak in May and second peak in October, and then gradually decreased. The dom inant species of diatom s varied significantly adjacent two weeksat same location from April to N ovem ber, but had little changesat different locationsin same week from July to August. Conclusion The change rules of quantity and species of diatom sare com plicated and affected by various factors such as environm ent and hydrology. The change rules of speciesand quantity of diatom s should be considered in forensic investigation of drow ning identification and the lo-cation of drow ning.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and influencing factors of school influenza-like cases in 2011-2022 in Nanchang, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of school influenza outbreaks. 　　　Methods The epidemiological relevant data of school influenza-like cases from 2011 to 2022 in Nanchang and the pathogen test results of respiratory tract samples were collected for epidemiological and etiology analysis. Results　From 2011 to 2022, a total of 142 influenza-like cases were reported in schools in Nanchang, with a cumulative morbidity of 2 880 cases and a morbidity rate of 1.89%. A total of 1 263 samples were collected, with an overall positive influenza nucleic acid detection rate of 58.91%. The highest proportion of outbreaks occurred in 2017-2019, while the lowest incidence was in 2011-2013. Outbreaks mainly occurred from November to March of the following year (accounting for 79.58%), presenting obvious seasonal characteristics. The distribution was mainly in primary schools, accounting for 70.42% (100/142) of all outbreaks. From 2011 to 2022, all types of influenza viruses were tested, and more than 2 types of influenza viruses were prevalent each year. The dominant strains alternated between influenza A H1N1, influenza A H3N2 and Victoria lineages of type B influenza viruses. From 2011 to 2019, the influenza epidemic in schools in Nanchang showed a continuous upward trend. During COVID-19 in 2020-2022, Nanchang adopted a variety of non-drug prevention and control measures for COVID-19, and both the number of influenza epidemics in various schools and the number of influenza virus nucleic acid positive cases decreased. The average number of classes involved in the epidemic was (3±2), and the average duration of the epidemic was (8±4) days. 　Conclusions The outbreaks of influenza-like illness in Nanchang schools is highly prevalent in winter and spring, , with urban primary schools being the high incidence locations. Non-drug prevention and control measures for COVID-19 have an impact on the epidemic trend of influenza, so the continuous monitoring of the school influenza virus activities and improving the timeliness of the report will be conducive to the rapid control of the epidemic.

Objective To undertake an updated genetic spectrum analysis in patients with hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) in mainland China. Methods SCA 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 17 and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) nucleotide repeat mutations were detected in 430 families with autosomal dominant SCA (ADCA) and 237 patients with sporadic ataxias by PCR and DNA sequencing. Subsequently, point and Indel (Insertion/deletion) mutation analyses of SCA5, SCA11, SCA13, SCA14, SCA15/16/29, SCA27, SCA31 and SCA35 were detected in 91 families with ADCA and 196 patients with sporadic ataxias excluded from SCA1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 17 and DRPLA genotypes via PCR and Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (PCR-DHPLC), Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and DNA direct sequencing analysis. Results Among the 430 ADCA families, there were 25 SCA1 (5.81%), 27 SCA2 (6.28%), 267 SCA3/MJD (62.09%), 8 SCA6 (1.86%), 8 SCA7 (1.86%), 1 SCA12 (0.23%), 1 SCA17 (0.23%) and 2 SCA35 (0.47%), and the remaining 91 families (21.16%) were genetically unidentified. Among the 237 sporadic SCA patients, there were 6 SCA1 (2.53%), 9 SCA2 (3.80%), 23 SCA3/MJD (9.70%) and 3 SCA6 (1.27%), and the remaining 196 (82.7%) were genetically unidentified. No pathogenic point mutation causing SCA5, SCA11, SCA13, SCA14, SCA27 or SCA31 subtypes was found. Conclusion SCA3/MJD is substantially the most common subtype in patients with ADCA and sporadic forms in mainland China, followed by SCA2, SCA1, SCA6 and SCA7. While SCA12, SCA17 and SCA35 are seldom found, SCA5, SCA8, SCA10, SCA11, SCA13, SCA27, SCA31 and DRPLA are very rare. The high proportion of genetically unidentified cases further verify that SCAs are of highly genetic heterogeneity, suggesting that other disease-causing genes might be involved in the negative ADCA pedigrees, and other etiological factors may involve in those sporadic cases other than genetics.

Objective To evaluate the role of C-type lectin domain family 2,member B (CLEC2B) gene in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.Methods Real time fluorescence-based PCR was performed to detect the expression of CLEC2B mRNA in the peripheral blood and lesional skin of 37 patients with vitiligo as well as in the peripheral blood and normal skin of 40 healthy controls.Data were statistically analyzed by t test and chisquare test.Results Among the 37 patients,23 had progressive vitiligo,14 stable vitiligo,31 vitiligo vulgaris,6 segmental vitiligo.The expression level of CLEC2B mRNA was significantly higher in vitiligo lesions than in the control skin (1.21 ± 0.03 vs.1.00,t =4.432,P ＜ 0.05),but was of no significant difference in peripheral blood between the patients and healthy controls (1.02 ± 0.05 vs.1.00,t =1.435,P ＞ 0.05).Increased expression of CLEC2B mRNA was noted in lesions of vulgaris vitiligo compared with those of segmental vitiligo (1.21 ± 0.03 vs.1.02 ± 0.01,t =5.330,P ＜ 0.05),as well as in lesions of progressive vitiligo compared with those of stable vitiligo (1.25 ± 0.05 vs.1.08 ± 0.03,t =3.046,P ＜ 0.05).No significant difference was observed in the expression of CLEC2B mRNA among lesions of vitiligo with different courses (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The differential expression of CLEC2B mRNA may take part in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.

Objective To investigate role of N-(30,40-dimethoxycinnamonyl) anthranilic acid (3,4-DAA) in mediating the negative immune regulation by indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in mice skin transplantation.Method The mice skin transplant model was established.T lymphocytes were isolated from mice splenocytes,and serum was collected.ELISA was applied to detect the IL-2 and IFN-γ concentrations in culture supernates of mice spleen lymphocytes and serum.Flow cytometry was applied to examine the phenotypes of T lymphocytes and RT-PCR to analyze the IDO mRNA transcription.Results T lymphocyte proliferation was significantly decreased by 3,4-DAA and the concentrations of IL-2 and IFN-γ were apparently decreased in 3,4-DAA group as compared with those in control group.The percentages of CD3 +,CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes were lower,and the percentage of CD4 + CD25 + T lymphocytes was higher in 3,4-DAA disposal group than in control group,but there was no significant difference.IDO mRNA expression showed obvious increase in 3,4-DAA group as compared with control group.Conclusion 3,4-DAA can up-regulate the IDO expression to induce the increasing metabolism of tryptophan,subsequently inhibiting T cell proliferation and showing specific property of negative immune regulation.

Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in patients with primary gastric non-Hodgkin lymphoma (PG-NHL).Methods The pathological data of 51 PG-NHL patients admitted in our hospital from 2003 to 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.Results In 51 patients with PG-NHL,there were 26 males and 25 females.The patients' age ranged from 18 to 80 years old with median age as 56 years old.The median survival time was 32 months (range from 1 to 114 months).The oneyear overall survival (OS),three-year OS and five-year OS were 90.2 ％,82.4 ％ and 80.4 ％,respectively.The surgery did not significantly improve PG-NHL patients' progress free survival and OS.Only 1 (2.0 ％) patient had gastrointestinal hemorrhage and perforation after chemotherapy.However,6 (46.2 ％) patients suffered from early satiety,gastric emptying disorder,alkaline reflux gastritis and dumping syndrome in surgery group.Conclusions Surgery did not improve the survival of PG-NHL patients.The life quality in chemotherapygroup is better than that in surgical group.