OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to synthesize a novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler that contains a quaternary ammonium salt with long chain alkyl and to report the antibacterial property of dental resin composites.

METHODSA novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler that contains a quaternary ammonium salt with long chain alkyl was synthesized based on previous research. The antibacterial property of the filler was measured. The surface of the novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler was modified by a coupling agent to achieve a good interfacial bonding between the filler and the resin matrix. Infrared spectrum analysis was carried out. The modified novel nano-antibacterial inorganic fillers were then incorporated into the dental resin matrix. The dispersion of the fillers was observed and compared with those incorporated into Tetric N-Ceram, a commercial resin composite, under a scanning electron microscope. Streptococcus mutans was used in testing the antibacterial property of the dental resin composites.

RESULTSA quaternary ammonium salt with a long chain alkyl was successfully grafted onto the surface of nano-silica particles. The novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler that contains quaternary ammonium salt with a long chain alkyl showed stronger antibacterial efficacy than the antibacterial inorganic filler that contains quaternary ammonium salt with a short chain alkyl. The modified novel antibacterial inorganic fillers displayed a homogeneous dispersion in the resin composite bulk and combined closely with the resin matrix, similar to the Tetric N-Ceram. The resin composites that contain novel antibacterial inorganic fillers showed stronger antibacterial effect on Streptococcus mutans compared with the control group.

CONCLUSIONThe novel nano-antibacterial inorganic filler that contains a quaternary ammonium salt with long chain alkyl showed a strong antibacterial property. It also exhibited good compatibility with the dental resin matrix after undergoing coupling treatment.

Objection To observe the change rules of quantity and species of diatom sin Hunhe River in Shenyang and to provide technology and scientific evidence for drow ning identification and the location of drow ning in forensic investigation. Methods In 2011, different locations for collecting water sam pleswere chosen in Hunhe River in Shenyang. Water sam pleswere collected and variation of quantity and species of diatom swere observed every month. And variation of dom inant species of diatom swas ob-served every week. Results The quantity, speciesand dom inant species of diatom sin Hunhe River in Shenyang varied with different tim eand locations. The quantity and species of diatom swere lowest from Decem ber to February and gradually increased, reaching peak in May and second peak in October, and then gradually decreased. The dom inant species of diatom s varied significantly adjacent two weeksat same location from April to N ovem ber, but had little changesat different locationsin same week from July to August. Conclusion The change rules of quantity and species of diatom sare com plicated and affected by various factors such as environm ent and hydrology. The change rules of speciesand quantity of diatom s should be considered in forensic investigation of drow ning identification and the lo-cation of drow ning.

Objective To study the clinical efficacy of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF) in the treatment of sacrococcygeal decubitus ulcers grade Ⅲ with direct polymerizing suture after appling rhEGF to reinforce wound bed preparation (WBP). Methods From January 2007 to October 2009, 60 patients with sacrococcygeal decubitus ulcers Grade Ⅲ, were divided into control group and treatment group. The ulcer size was 3 cm × 4 cm to 10 cm × 12 cm and all ulcers were infected for 15-70 d. Treatment group received traditional dressing change and appling rhEGF to reinforce wound bed preparation. Control group received traditional dressing change only. The operative technique that we used in two groups was direct polymerizing suture. Cure rate of stage Ⅰ and complication morbidities were analyzed. Results Cure rate of stage Ⅰ was 87% in treatment group and 70% in control group. Complication morbidities were 13% in treatment group and 30% in control group. The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Appling rhEGF to reinforce wound bed preparation before operation could make subsequent treatment more effective and improve the cure ratio of operation with decreasing complications and morbidities. And more, dissecting under fascia possesses the advantages of easiness to perform and rich blood supply.The method of appling rhEGF with direct polymerizing suture is a simple, high efficient approach for the first repairment of sacrococcygeal decubitus ulcers grade Ⅲ, especially desirable for the elderly.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of galactomannan(GM) detection for invasive aspergillosis infections in pediatric patients, a Meta-analysis was performed.Methods According to selection criteria, studies indexed by PubMed,EMBASE,Medline,CNKI and Wanfang Data on GM testing in pediatric aspergillosis were included from January 2001 to November 2012. The methodological quality was assessed by QUADAS, sources of heterogeneity investigated, pooled effect quantities evaluated, and summary receiver operative curves(ROC) and subgroup analysis performed.Stata12.0 was used to analyze diagnostic parameters, such as, sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio and area under the curve(AUC). Results Thirteen articles with 16 sets of data were included.The weighted sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence interval were 0.71(0.60-0.79)and 0.94(0.89-0.96), respectively.Under different cut-off values, sensitivities of GM assay in diagnosis of pediatric aspergillosis were 0.71(0.54-0.84) for 0.5, 0.77(0.64-0.87) for 0.8, 0.72(0.58-0.84) for 1.0 and 0.59(0.39-0.76) for 1.5, and its responding specificities were 0.94(0.89-0.97), 0.89(0.82-0.93), 0.89(0.81-0.94) and 0.91(0.88-0.94).Conclusion Under the cut-off value of 0.8, the GM assay is a useful method in the detection of pediatric invasive aspergillosis.

Objective To investigate the effect of implementation of hand hygiene(HH)activities on HH compliance among health care workers(HCWs).Methods In May-December 2013,a series of HH intervention measures in a hospital were implemented,compliance to HH among all clinical and laboratory HCWs in April-December 2013 (before and after in-tervention)were surveyed and compared.Results After implementing HH activities,HH compliance rate of HCWs in-creased from 39.82% before intervention to 80.77% after intervention,HH compliance rates of doctors,nurses and clean-ing staff increased from 41.09%,41.30% and 34.33% before intervention to 83.87%,91.89%,and 59.54% after inter-vention respectively,the differences between before and after intervention were all statistically significant (all P <0.001). Except intensive care unit,HH compliance rates of HCWs in departments of surgery,internal medicine,and radiotherapy were all higher than pre-intervention(all P <0.001).Compliance to five indications for HH among HCWs after interven-tion were all higher than pre-intervention(all P <0.001 ),HH compliance rate before touching a patient increased from 23.88% to 73.37%,before clean/aseptic procedure increased from 58.65% to 94.23%.Conclusion Through the imple-mentation and supervision of HH activities,both the awareness and compliance of HH among HCWs have been significant-ly improved,good HH habit is gradually developed.

Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and influencing factors of school influenza-like cases in 2011-2022 in Nanchang, so as to provide reference for the prevention and control of school influenza outbreaks. 　　　Methods The epidemiological relevant data of school influenza-like cases from 2011 to 2022 in Nanchang and the pathogen test results of respiratory tract samples were collected for epidemiological and etiology analysis. Results　From 2011 to 2022, a total of 142 influenza-like cases were reported in schools in Nanchang, with a cumulative morbidity of 2 880 cases and a morbidity rate of 1.89%. A total of 1 263 samples were collected, with an overall positive influenza nucleic acid detection rate of 58.91%. The highest proportion of outbreaks occurred in 2017-2019, while the lowest incidence was in 2011-2013. Outbreaks mainly occurred from November to March of the following year (accounting for 79.58%), presenting obvious seasonal characteristics. The distribution was mainly in primary schools, accounting for 70.42% (100/142) of all outbreaks. From 2011 to 2022, all types of influenza viruses were tested, and more than 2 types of influenza viruses were prevalent each year. The dominant strains alternated between influenza A H1N1, influenza A H3N2 and Victoria lineages of type B influenza viruses. From 2011 to 2019, the influenza epidemic in schools in Nanchang showed a continuous upward trend. During COVID-19 in 2020-2022, Nanchang adopted a variety of non-drug prevention and control measures for COVID-19, and both the number of influenza epidemics in various schools and the number of influenza virus nucleic acid positive cases decreased. The average number of classes involved in the epidemic was (3±2), and the average duration of the epidemic was (8±4) days. 　Conclusions The outbreaks of influenza-like illness in Nanchang schools is highly prevalent in winter and spring, , with urban primary schools being the high incidence locations. Non-drug prevention and control measures for COVID-19 have an impact on the epidemic trend of influenza, so the continuous monitoring of the school influenza virus activities and improving the timeliness of the report will be conducive to the rapid control of the epidemic.

Objective To undertake an updated genetic spectrum analysis in patients with hereditary spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) in mainland China. Methods SCA 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 17 and dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) nucleotide repeat mutations were detected in 430 families with autosomal dominant SCA (ADCA) and 237 patients with sporadic ataxias by PCR and DNA sequencing. Subsequently, point and Indel (Insertion/deletion) mutation analyses of SCA5, SCA11, SCA13, SCA14, SCA15/16/29, SCA27, SCA31 and SCA35 were detected in 91 families with ADCA and 196 patients with sporadic ataxias excluded from SCA1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 17 and DRPLA genotypes via PCR and Denaturing High Performance Liquid Chromatography (PCR-DHPLC), Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and DNA direct sequencing analysis. Results Among the 430 ADCA families, there were 25 SCA1 (5.81%), 27 SCA2 (6.28%), 267 SCA3/MJD (62.09%), 8 SCA6 (1.86%), 8 SCA7 (1.86%), 1 SCA12 (0.23%), 1 SCA17 (0.23%) and 2 SCA35 (0.47%), and the remaining 91 families (21.16%) were genetically unidentified. Among the 237 sporadic SCA patients, there were 6 SCA1 (2.53%), 9 SCA2 (3.80%), 23 SCA3/MJD (9.70%) and 3 SCA6 (1.27%), and the remaining 196 (82.7%) were genetically unidentified. No pathogenic point mutation causing SCA5, SCA11, SCA13, SCA14, SCA27 or SCA31 subtypes was found. Conclusion SCA3/MJD is substantially the most common subtype in patients with ADCA and sporadic forms in mainland China, followed by SCA2, SCA1, SCA6 and SCA7. While SCA12, SCA17 and SCA35 are seldom found, SCA5, SCA8, SCA10, SCA11, SCA13, SCA27, SCA31 and DRPLA are very rare. The high proportion of genetically unidentified cases further verify that SCAs are of highly genetic heterogeneity, suggesting that other disease-causing genes might be involved in the negative ADCA pedigrees, and other etiological factors may involve in those sporadic cases other than genetics.

ObjeclJve To definine the corresponding value to glycated albumin(GA)for a specific target of HbAlc,and to elvaluate the relationship between GA and HbA1c.Methods From Oct.2006 TO Apr.2009, 2 532 subjects were enrolled who accepted oral glucose tolerance test(OGtt)in out-patient department,including 898 with normal glucose regulation,695 with impaired glucose regulation,and 939 with newly-diagnosed diabetes.GA was measured with liquid enzymatic method.HbA1c was measured with high performance liquid chromatography method.The plasma glucose was measured at fasting,0.5 h,1 h,2 h,and 3h after glucose load.The correlation among GA,HbA1c and the other parameters monitored was analyzed.Results (1)The levels of HbA1c and GA in 2 532 subjects were(6.3±1.1)% and(17.9±4.5)%.The ratio of GA/HbA1c was 2.85±0.51.(2)HbAlc and GA were positively correlated with fasting,0.5 h,1 h,2 h and 3 h plasma glucose(r was in 0.567-0.776,atl P<0.01).(3)GA was significantly correlated with HbA1c(r=0.701,P<0.01).Linear regression analysis,using GA and HbA1c summarized by patient(n=2 532),produced a relationship of GA=2.871×HbA1c-0.112.The change in GA per increase of 1% HbA1c was 2.87%.When HbA1c level was 6.5%,the expected value of GA was 18.5%.The sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,negative predictive value,and accuracy with GA≤18.5% to predict HbA1c≤6.5% were 82.32%,72.49%,86.48%.65.73%,and 79.19%,respectively.When HbA1c level was 7.0%,the expected value of GA was 20.O%.When HbA1c level was 7.5%.the expected value of GA was 21.4%.Conclusions We initially establish the corresponding value to GA for a specific target of HbA1c and provide the basis for clinical application.

Objective To study the clinical characteristics and genetic cause of a Chinese family affected with paroxysmal kinesigenic dystonia(PKD).Methods The detailed clinical data and the blood samples of the affected patients with PKD and their relatives were collected.After genomic DNA was extracted from blood leukocytes,target linkage analysis Was performed using multiplex PCR by microsatellite marker's located in the reported critical region on chromosome 16.All exons and flanking regions of SCNN1G and ITGAL genes were amplified by PCR-sequence.Results In this three-generation 12 member family,5 individuals have been diagnosed as PKD.Target linkage analysis suggested the disease gene linked to chromosome 16.between D16S3396 and D16S3057 with two-point LOD score of 1.47 at recombination fraction(θ)=0.0.All affected individuals shared a common haplotype which co-segregated with the phenotype.Except for 8 reported SNPs,no pathologic sequence variants were found in candidate genes SCNN1G and ITGAL.Conclusions The studied family is genetically linked to the reported critical locus of PKD on chromosome 16.SCNN1G and ITGAL were ruled out as the causative genes for the studied pedigree.Further genetic analysis in this family may reveal new genetic cause responsible for PKD.

Objective To study the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and hepcidin in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and their significance in anemia. Methods 45 DLBCL patients with or without anemia were analyzed. Peripheral blood samples were collected during diagnosis, and the concentrations of IL-6, hepcidin, serum ferritin and hemoglobin (Hb) were measured. 24 healthy volunteers were collected as controls. Results The levels of plasma hepcidin and IL-6 in patients with DLBCL were (347±171)μg/L and 0.27 ng/L (0-9.61 ng/L), respectively, and compared with those [(175 ± 92)μg/L] and 0 ng/L in healthy controls, the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.001). Plasma hepcidin levels in patients with high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (P=0.003), B symptoms (P=0.040) or age-adjusted international prognostic index (IPI)>1 (P=0.010) were increased. The levels of IL-6 in patients of male (P=0.003), stage Ⅲ-Ⅳ (P=0.008) or IPI>1 (P=0.004) were significantly higher. The level of hepcidin was highly correlated with serum ferritin (r=0.77, P<0.001), weakly correlated with IL-6 (r=0.31, P=0.030), and not correlated with Hb (r=-0.12, P=0.3). There was a negative correlation between IL-6 expression and Hb (r=-0.35, P=0.009). Multivariate analysis showed that IL-6 could predict anemia (P=0.03), whereas hepcidin could not (P=0.89). Conclusion The elevated hepcidin level is frequent in DLBCL, and the elevated IL-6 plays the major role in the development of anemia.