Objective To investigate the absorption characteristics of galangin in various intestinal segments. Methods Single-pass intestinal perfusion was employed in rats, and the mass quality was used to correct the volume;Galangin in rat intestinal perfusion was determined by HPLC to investigate the effects of intestinal segments, drug concentration and P-glycoprotein ( P-gp) inhibitor on drug’ s absorption. Results Galangin could be absorbed in the whole intestine, and its Ka values in the segments of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon were (5. 12±1. 14)í10-2,(2. 23±1. 02)í10-2,(4. 61± 0. 75)í 10-2 and(2. 68 ± 0. 70)í10-2 ·min-1 ,respectively. Meanwhile, the values of the Ka in the segment of ileum were not affected by the drug concentration and P-gp inhibitor. Conclusion The galangin is well absorbed in rats intestinal segments. The absorption procedure is mainly controlled by passive diffusion but unaffected by P-gp efflux protein.

Objective To evaluate the effects of allograft fusion cage(AFC) on anterior cervical interbody fusion. Methods AFCs were implanted in 61 degenerative cervical intervertebral spaces of 39 cases, who needed anterior cervical interbody fusion from September 1995 to December 1999. 31 cases were diagnosed as cervical spondylolysis， 2 cases as acute protrusion of cervical intervertebral disc and 6 cases as fracture and dislocation of cervical spine. The clinical effects and complications were observed, and the postoperative presentations of X－ ray examination of cervical spine were also evaluated. Results Thirty- nine cases were followed up with a mean period of 28.6 months. No neurologic complications appeared, and no AFCs shifted or dislocated. The clinical effects were satisfactory. 61 intervertebral spaces were confirmed to be solid fused completely by constant X－ ray examination at 3.9 months in average after operation. There were no collapse or angular deformities in 59 spaces of them,the other 2 spaces lost a little height because of removal of external fixation too early. Conclusion The implantation of AFC was simple, stable, less injury with similar intervertebral osseous fusion rate compared to the conventional anterior cervical interbody fusion. Forthermore, the implantation of AFC does not need auto iliac crest graft or the use of metal fixations. Some complications caused by implanting auto iliac crest and metal fixations can be avoided.

Objective To explore the changes and their correlation of event-related potential(ERP)and the plasma levels of monoamine neurotransmitter in the patients with epilepsy.Methods ERP and the plasma levels of noradrenalin(NE),dopamine(DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT) were tested in 50 patients with epilepsy,and the results were compared with the normal controls.Results The latency of N2,P3 of ERP and the amplitude of P3 in the epilepsy group were significant longer and lower than those in the normal control group(all P

Objective\ To evaluate the immediate effects and strength of allograft fusion cage(AFC) used for reconstructing stability of cervical spine. Methods\ Discs of C 5 and C 6 were resected on 8 fresh human cervical spine specimens, and autogenous iliac bone grafts(AIBG), and AFCs were implanted into the intervertebral spaces respectively. Compression test, pull out test and segmental motion measurement were studied.Results\ Comparing with intact and AIBG groups, the range of motions of C5-6 in AFC group were decreased in all directions except for extension; with (502?114) N compressive load,the vertebrae in AFC group were broken while the AFC were intact, but the AIBG were broken at (135?42) N load; with 300 N drawing load,no loosening was found between AFCs and vertebra, but it was found between AIBG and vertebra at 60 N load. Conclusion\ AFC could provide enough support,anti slide ability and could remain or increase the height of intervertebral spaces. It completely meets clinical and biomechanical requirements.

Objective To observe the role and mechanism of CO-releasing molecules (CORMs) -2in the injured lung induced by ischmia-reperfusion (IR) of hind limbs of rat.Methods The rat model of lung injury was made by ischemia in hind limbs of rat for two hours and then reperfusion for two hours as well.There were 40 SD rats randomly ( random number) divided into 5 groups ( n =8 ),namely sham ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group,sham I/R + CORM-2 group,I/R group,I/R + CORM-2 group and I/R + DMSO (Dimethylsulfoxide) group. Rats in sham I/R group underwent laparotomy without infrarenal aorta occlusion.The lung tissue structure,polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) count,wet-to-dry weight ratio (W/D), malondialdehyde (MDA) content, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 ( ICAM-1 ),nuclear IκBα degradation and NF-κB activity in the lung were measured.Results Compared with the sham I/R group,the number of PMNs in lung,W/D,MDA content,MPOactivity,ICAM-1 and NF-κB activity significantly increased in I/R group,whereas nuclear IκBα decreased (P ＜ 0.01).Compared with the I/R group,the number of PMNs in lung,W/D,MDA content,MPO activity and ICAM-1 significantly decreased in I/R + COMR-2 group ( P ＜ 0.01 ), while nuclear IkBαincreased. Conclusions These data demonstrate that CORM-2 attenuates limb I/R-induced lung injury by inhibiting ICAM-1 protein,NF-κB pathway and the leukocytes sequestration in the lung following limb I/R in rats,suggesting that CORM-2 could be used as one of the most valuable therapeutic agents.

Microglial cells are the resident immune cells of brain. The activated microglia produces a range of deleterious substances, which plays an important role in the inflammation of post-stroke, such as superoxide, nitric oxide, matrix metalloproteinases, etc. The activa-tion of microglia may involve triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, Toll-like receptors 4, peroxisome proliferator-activated re-ceptors, purinergic receptors, etc. Intervention targeted to microglial receptor is becoming a new strategy for ischemic stroke.

Objective:To report the diagnosis and surgical treatment of a special type of Maisonneuve injury.Methods:A total of 4 patients were treated at Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital from January 2015 to July 2019 for Maisonneuve injury. They were 3 males and one female, aged from 34 to 61 years (average, 45.3 years). All injuries were closed, initially manifested as posterior dislocation of the ankle on X-ray films and X-ray and CT re-exams after manual reduction showed fine reduction with no obvious fracture of the ankle joint. Consequently the diagnosis of their Maisonneuve injury was missed in emergency visits, but re-exams in outpatient visits showed separation of distal tibiofibular syndesmosis. All the patients were treated by restoration of the fibular length, fixation of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and repair of the triangular ligament. American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score was used to evaluate functional recovery of the ankle joint at 12 months after operation.Results:All the 4 patients were followed up for 12 to 14 months (average, 12.7 months). The fractures united after 110 to 185 days (average, 149.3 days). No post-operative complications like infection, delayed union or nonunion were observed. The AOFAS score at 12 months ranged from 82 to 96 points (average, 90.5 points), giving 3 excellent and one good cases.Conclusions:The Maisonneuve injury which is clinically manifested as posterior dislocation of the ankle with no obvious fracture of the ankle joint is likely to be missed in clinical diagnosis. Therefore, X-ray exam of the full length tibia and fibula should be taken in physical examination after reduction for the patients with simple posterior dislocation of the ankle. Once the special type of Maisonneuve injury is diagnosed, surgical treatment is indicated. Satisfactory treatment efficacy can be achieved by fixation of the distal tibiofibular syndesmosis and repair of the triangular ligament.

BACKGROUND:Some studies have shown that blocking the venous return can promote fracture healing but there is no study about the effect of repeated transient ischemia on promoting fracture healing. OBJECTIVE:To observe the promoting effect of repeated transient ischemia on early fracture healing based on micro-CT technique. METHODS: Forty-eight Wistar rats were used to make animal models of right tibial midpiece closed fractures folowed by K-wire fixation. Rats were randomly divided into four groups: 24-hour group, 48-hour group, 72-hour group and control group. Tourniquet was used on the root of the affected thigh, inflated for 10 minutes, and then released for 10 minutes. Three above-mentioned cycles were taken as an ischemic treatment. At 24 hours after fracture fixation, the ischemic treatment was first carried out, and after that, it was done every 24 hours in the 24-hour group, every 48 hours in the 48-hour group and every 72 hours in the 72-hour group. In the control group, the tourniquet with no inflation was used once on the right lower limb every 24 hours after fixation. Al the rats were kiled at 2 weeks after modeling to take out the right tibia with removal of K-wires for micro-CT observation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The trabecular bone volume and total volume in the regions of interest were significantly higher in the 24-hour group than the other three groups (P < 0.05), but the tissue mineral density and calus tissue mineral density were significantly lower in the 24-hour group than the other three groups (P < 0.05).There was no significant statistical difference in the bone volume fraction among the four groups (P > 0.05). These findings indicate that within 2 weeks after fractures, the repeated transient ischemia can promote fracture healing, which may be related to the improvement in the secretion of growth factor, revascularization and osteoblast proliferation induced by repeated transient ischemia.

Objective To investigate the effect of low dose lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ) preconditioning on prevention of incision infection by drug-resistant bacteria.Methods Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( MRSA) suspension with concentration of 1.8 ×109 CFU/mL was prepared.Sixty BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five groups (12 in each group, half male and half female).A medical longitudinal incision of the right thigh was made in mice in group 1-4, and 1, 0.5, 0.25 and 0 mL bacteria suspension was dropped on the surface of the incision and the incision was observed 4d after the model established.Group 5 was the blank control.Then 112 BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 7 groups ( each group had sixteen mice, half male and half female ): group A ( preconditioned with LPS 0.25 mg· kg-1· time-1), group B ( preconditioned with LPS 0.5 mg · kg-1 · time-1 ), group C (preconditioned with LPS 1 mg· kg-1 · time-1 ), group D (preconditioned with LPS 1.5 mg· kg-1 · time-1 ) , group E ( preconditioned with sterile normal saline) , group F ( incision infected) , and group G ( blank control) .LPS was given by intraperitoneal injection 48 h and 24 h before the establishing of the infection model.Body temperature was monitored every day after the model established, blood routine examination was performed on d3 and d7, and serum cytokines was detected on d7.All the mice were sacrificed on d7, and soft tissues around the incision were taken for hematoxylin-eosin staining.Repeated measures ANOVA and univariate ANOVA were performed for data analysis. Results Redness and suppuration were observed in 6 mice infected with 0.5 mL bacteria suspension, respectively, then 0.5 mL bacteria suspension was used for LPS preconditioning experiments.With LPS preconditioning, the body temperatures of mice in group B were with relatively minor changes, and the rises of white blood cells and lymphocytes on d3 and d7 were relatively modest.Granulocytes in group B returned to the normal level on d7.Besides, the rises of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-αin group B were also less, while IL-10 was increased greatly.Suppuration was observed in 4 mice in group B ( 4/16, 25.00%), and the rate was lower than group D, E and F (χ2 =7.988, 19.940 and 19.940,P<0.01). Conclusion LPS (0.5 mg· kg-1 · time-1 ) preconditioning can reduce the severity of incision infection caused by MRSA in mice.

AIM:To investigate the role of PI3K/Akt and JAK2/STAT3 pathways in the protection of sulfur dioxide (SO2) against limb ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in rats.METHODS:ALI was induced by limb I/R in the SD rats.Na2 SO3 (0.54 mmol/kg, ip)/NaHSO3 (0.18 mmol/kg, ip) as SO2 donor was injec-ted at 20 min before reperfusion.The inhibitors of JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathways, Stattic (3 mg/kg, iv) and LY294002 (40 mg/kg, iv), respectively, were injected at 1 h before reperfusion.Peripheral blood and lung tissues were collected for determining the contents of the cytokines, the protein levels of the molecules related to the signaling pathways, apoptosis and histopathologic changes by ELISA, TUNEL and Western blot.RESULTS:Compared with control group, the content of MDA, the activity of MPO, lung coefficient, apoptotic index, cytokine expression, and the protein levels of p-Akt and p-STAT3 in I/R group all increased significantly, and administration of Na2 SO3/NaHSO3 attenuated the damage in the lung.Besides, the results of Western blot showed that the rat lung tissues expressed p-STAT3 protein and p-Akt pro-tein.After I/R, the protein levels of p-STAT3 and p-Akt were increased.After using Na2 SO3/NaHSO3 , p-Akt was in-creased, but p-STAT3 was decreased (P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Both JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt pathways are like-ly involved in the protective effect of SO2 against limb I/R-induced ALI in rats.The activation of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway increases I/R injury.Reversely, the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway reduces I/R injury.Besides, JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways may have crosstalk during I/R-induced ALI and JAK2/STAT3 pathway may have an impact on the P13K/Akt pathway.