Objective To isolate and determine the structures of chemical constituents from the roots and rootstalks of Rheum emodi.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel and polyamide column chromatography.Chemical methods and spectroscopic methods,such as 1H-NMR,13C-NMR,and MS spectra were used for the structure identification.Results Eighteen compounds were obtained.Sixteen of them were identified as:chrysophanol(1),physcion(2),?-sitosterol(3),emodin(4),aloe-emodin(5),rheumin(6),daucosterol(7),d-catechin(8),piceatannol(9),piceatannol-4'-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(10),piceatannol-4'-O-?-D-(6″-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside(11),chrysophanol-8-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(12),physcion-1 and 8-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(13a and 13b),emodin-8-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(14),and sucrose(15).Meanwhile,one compound structure simi-lar to rhein was detected.Conclusion Compound 11 is a new compound named rheoside,compounds 13a and 13b are obtained from R.emodi for the first time.

Objective To approach the effects of Gingkgo biloba extra(GBE)on expression of P-selectin and myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.Methods The rats were randomly divided into sham operated group,ischemia-reperfusion group,low dose GBE group and high dose GBE group.The models of ischemia-reperfusion were established by focal middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO)method.Rats were given high or low dose GBE intraperitoneally,30 min before MCAO.The expression of P-selectin was tested by immunohistochemistry and the MPO activity by chromatometry in the rat brain.The volume of cerebral infarction and the pathologic changes were observed by HE staining and TTC staining.Results(1)Compared with sham operated group,the expression of P-selectin and MPO activity were increased in models of ischemia-reperfusion(allP

Objective To study effect of Tanshinone ⅡA (Tan ⅡA) on the content of NO and the activities of NOS and iNOS in cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury rats,and explore its protective mechanism. Methods Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,which were sham operated group,I/R group,low dose Tan ⅡA treated group and high dose Tan ⅡA treated group. The focal middle cerebral arterymocclusion (MCAO) model was made by suture-occluded method. Rats were pretreated with Tan ⅡA,ig for 3 d before MCAO. After 90 min MCAO following 24 h of reperfusion,pathomorphologic changes was investigated with HE staining. The content of NO and the activities of NOS and iNOS was also determined. Result The change of ischemic impairment in low or high dose Tan ⅡA treated group was lighter than that of I/R group,and high dose Tan ⅡA treated group was lighter than that of low dose Tan ⅡA treated group. Compared with sham operated group,the content of NO and the activities of NOS and iNOS increased at 24 h of reperfusion in the ischemic territory (P

Objective To study the effect of Tanshinone ⅡA(Tan ⅡA) on the contents of nitrous oxide(NO) and the activities of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) and immunologic NOS(iNOS) following cerebral ischemia reperfusion(I/R)injury in rats.Methods 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups,which were sham group,I/R group,low dosage Tan ⅡA treated group and high dosage Tan ⅡA treated group.The focal middle cerebral artery occlusion(MCAO) model was made.Rats were pretreated with Tan ⅡA for 3 d respectively before MCAO.After 90 min MCAO following 24 h of reperfusion,HE staining was investigated.The contents of NO and the activities of NOS and iNOS were also investigated.Results The change of ischemic impairment in low or high dosage Tan ⅡA treated group was lighter than that of I/R group,and high dosage Tan ⅡA treated group was lighter than that of low dosage Tan ⅡA treated group.Compared with the sham group,the contents of NO and the activities of NOS and iNOS increased in the ischemic territory(P<0.05).Compared with I/R group,low and high dose Tan ⅡA treated group reduced the contents of NO and the activities of NOS and iNOS dose-dependently(P<0.05).Conclusion Tan ⅡA may reduced cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injure by reducing the contents of NO and the activities of NOS and iNOS dose-dependently.

Objective To study the effect of tanshinone ⅡA on the expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1 after cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R)injury in rats. Methods Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham operated group, I/R group, low dose Tan ⅡA treated group and high dose Tan ⅡA treated group. The focal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was made by suture-occluded method. Rats were pretreated with Tan ⅡA, ig for 3d,respectively before MCAO. After 90min MCAO following 24 hours of reperfusion, the expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1 was detected with using immunohistochemistry method. Result Compared with sham operated group, the expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1 increased after reperfusion for 24 hours in the ischemic territory(all P＜0.01).Compared with I/R group, the expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1 decreased in a dose dependent manner in low and high dose Tan ⅡA treated group(P＜0.01).Compared with that of I/R group, cerebral infarction volume was decreased in a dose dependent manner in low dose Tan ⅡA treated group and high dose Tan ⅡA treated group(all P＜0.01).The change of ischemic impairment in low or high dose Tan ⅡA treated group was less than that in IR group, and the change of ischemic impairment in high dose Tan ⅡA treated group was less than that in low dose Tan ⅡA treated group. Conclusion Tan ⅡA may reduce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion inflammation injure by decreasing the expression of p-selectin and ICAM-1.Tan ⅡA plays protective effect on cerebral ischemia injury, especially when high dose of Tan ⅡA(30mg/kg)was used.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for the quality control of fushu granules.METHODS:Five main chinese crude drug angelica,chuanxiong,flos lonicerae,glycyrrhizae and astragali in the fushu granules were identificated by TCL;the content of ferulic acid was determined by HPLC.RESULTS:Ferulic acid showed a good linearity in a range of 0.02～0.10?g/ml(r=0.9 998),the average recovery rate was 96.9%,RSD=1.4%.CONCLUSION:This method has a good recurrence and could be used to control the quality of fushu granules.

Objective To detect the clinical features and prognostic factors of nasal cavity malignancy with breast metastasis.Methods 846 Patients with nasal cavity malignancy from January 1999 to December 2011 were enrolled,the clinical and pathological features,clinical diagnostic methods and prognostic factors for breast metastasis patients were analyzed.Results Six female cases (median age 25) were diagnosed with breast metastasis,including 3 rhabdomyosarcoma and 3 olfactory neuroblastoma; consisting 0.7％ of the total 846 cases of primary nasal malignancy group.The metastasis were more likely to be multiple breast lesions with/without metastasis in other site.For the primary tumor,five patients received 66-72 Gy/30-33f of radical radiotherapy,one patient with rest rhabdomyosarcoma received 58 Gy of palliative radiation since breast metastasis was found after 14 Gy of radiation and breast mass resection were performed right after.For the breast metastasis,five of 6 patients received breast surgery,one patients with olfactory neuroblastoma received 6 cycles cyclophosphamide + adriamycin + vincristine chemotherapy.Median survival was 12.7 months.Conclusions For nasal cavity malignancy,breast metastasis more likely occur in younger female patients.Ultrasound may provide useful information in evaluating breast metastasis.Cases combined with metastasis except breast have unfavorable prognosis.

Objective To explore the reactive inhibition and electrophysiological changes under the GO/NOGO paradigm in patients with alcohol dependence (AD) in order to provide a theoretical basis for neuromechanism study of AD executive dysfunctions.Methods The GO/NOGO paradigm event related potentials (ERP) were tested in 51 AD patients and 29 healthy controls, this paradigm behavior and ERP-N1, N2 and P3 latency and amplitude were analyzed.ERPs and execution functions were followed at different time points of withdrawal(4, 9,13 weeks).Results The number of correct responses (29.18±3.03)lowered and error responses (5.16±3.77) heightened in AD patients, and differences had statistical significance compared with those in control group(32.35±2.58,3.19± 1.84, P＜0.05), and there was no group difference in response time.There was no statistical significance in group difference in N1 component under the GO/NOGO tasks and in P3 latency under GO.N2 ((3.48±2.21) μV, (4.49±3.00) pV) and P3 amplitude ((3.47±2.31) μV, (3.92±4.09) μV) decreased and N2 latency ((256.30±31.62) ms, (256.09±33.77)ms) prolonged in AD group under both GO/NOGO tasks and so did P3 latency ((355.33±25.96) ms) under the NOGO, and the differences had statistical significance.Group main effects in N2 and P3 component (P=0.000) and task main effects in N2 amplitude and P3 latency (P＜0.05) were significant,group and task interaction was significant only in P3 latency (P＜0.01).ERPs of AD patients had no notable changes at different time points of withdrawal, executive dysfunctions were the worst within the 1st week of withdrawal and gradually recovered to pre-withdrawal levels.Conclusion AD patients have lower reactive inhibition manifested mainly by weakened capacity to inhibit and adjust conflict monitor and pre-executive motor program, ERP and executive functions cannot be well improved during short-term withdrawal, and the GO/NOGO-ERP can completely reflect electrophysiological changes of reactive inhibition process of AD patients.

Objective To analyze the MRI features of Ewing sarcoma/peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors(pPNETs) arising from the meninges.Methods The MRI imaging of 9 patients with Ewing sarcoma/pPNET were reviewed retrospectively,and imaging features and pathological characteristics were analyzed.Results The age of most patients ranged from 10 to 20 years.Magnetic resonance revealed a spindle-like lesion with a wide base in 8 cases.The lesions showed heterogenous iso-or hypo-intense signal on T1 WI in 7 cases,heterogenous hypo-iso-intense signal on T1 WI in 2 case,and iso-or mildly hypderisointense on T2WI in all cases.The solid part of the tumor was heterogeneously enhanced after injection of gadolinium with cyst degeneration or necrosis.The dural tail sign could be seen in 3 cases.The adjacent skull erosion could be seen in 6 cases.The breakthrough of the plate of cranium and soft-tissue invasion was present in 2 cases.The right eye proptosis was present in 1 case.The distant metastasis was found in 3 cases.Pathology showed that the lesions had high cell density.Hemorrhage and necrosis could be observed.The cells were like lymphocytes and spindle cells with transparent cytoplasm.CD99 and Vimentin were expressed in all tumor cells.Conclusion The imaging findings of the meningeal pPNET are different from meningiomas,which could be useful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis.

Objective To investigate perioperative nursing of respiratory system in severe scoliosis patients.Methods 26 severe scoliosis patients with respiratory function training before operation were retrospected.All of them tested pulmonary function before and after training,postoperative respiratory system nursing were also taken to maintain airway unobstructed,including respiratory rate and oxygen saturation monitoring,effective pain management and respiratory complications controlling.Results The average forced vital capacity(FVC)was 45.9%and 52.1%before and after breathing exercises,the mean forced expiratory volume in one second(FEV1)was 43.8%and 48.8%before and after breathing exercises,with lung function improvement in 69.2%patients. There were two hemopneumothorax and three mild or moderate pleural effusion occurred within 10 days after surgery,but all recovered after effective treatment and nursing.Conclusions Perioperative systematic and effective training in respiratory function and airway management can improve lung function and surgical safety,reduce the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications,and promote early rehabilitation .