Objective To review the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis ( OA) and microsphere delivery systems advances in the field of osteoarthritis treatment, and provide theoretical support for clinical research and osteoarthritis therapy.Methods The literatures on osteoarthritis have been reviewed in recent years, and pathogenesis and osteoarthritis therapy were summarized.ResuIts At present, the therapy of OA was gradually from symptoms relief to pathogenesis, and further revealed the inner regularity of osteoarthritis treatment.However, a variety of western medicines had its own limitations. ConcIusion In recent years, intra-articular injection therapy because of its unique advantages in clinical treatments,attracts widespread attention, and particularly the microsphere injection with superior prospects is researched more in the field of new formulations.

BACKGROUND:As bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s can be differentiated into osteoblasts under certain induction conditions, autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s can be implanted into the bone nonunion site of bone fracture. This new technology garners increasing attention of orthopedic clinicians.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the clinical efficacy of transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s in the treatment of bone nonunion of limb fractures.
METHODS:A computer-based search of Foreign Medical Journal Ful-Text Service and CNKI databases was performed for articles related to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s for treatment of bone nonunion of limb fractures published from 1998 to 2014 using the keywords of“bone marrow stem cel s (BMSCs), stem cel transplantation (SCT), nonunions, tissue engineering”in English and Chinese, respectively. Literatures with repetitive content and lack of originality were excluded. A total of 36 literatures were obtained for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s are transplanted into the end of bone nonunion, and then can be induced to differentiate into osteoblasts to repair bone nonunion and bone defects,
laying a theoretical basis for clinical application. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s can repair bone defects, which provides an effective method and material to promote fracture healing. Transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cel s is safe and effective for treatment of bone nonunion of limb fracture.

0.05). Conclusion PASP is an actually non-poisonous material and not a mutagen, the result of the present paper may be taken as a scientific evidence for the safety of PASP to be used in industry water treatment.

Objective To construct the vector pcDNA3.1 containing VEGF165 gene and examine of pcDNA3.1-VEGF165 vector to the angiopoiesis, composition of collagen in rabbit bone defect model. Methods Extract total RNA from the rabbit tissue. Prepare cDNA by inverse transcription and clone the gene by PCR. Clone plasmid pMD18-T/VEGF165 combined with pcDNA3.1 to reconstruct pcDNA3.1- VEGF165. 28 New Zealand white rabbits weighted (2.0?0.130) kg were made bone defect model for 10 mm length in the bilateral radii. Cut down the skin, resect the bone of 10 mm in length in the middle of radius. The pcDNA3.1-VEGF165 0.2 ml (200 ng) plasmid was injected at one defect side randomly. The defect in the other side was served as control group, and injected with absorbable gelatin sponge and sodium chloride 0.2 ml. After the examination by X-ray the local specimens were obtained at 1,2,4,6,8,and 12 weeks respectively. The expression of collagen type Ⅰ and Ⅲ was examined at 4, 12 weeks by immunohistochemical staining techniques. Results The pcDNA3.1-VEGF165 vector was constructed successfully. The roentgenography: there was no difference between the two sides after 1 week operation; 2 weeks after the operation, there were some callus in the experimental group; there was nothing in the control group. After 4 weeks, there were much callus, synostosis and others in the experimental group, all of these were late in the control group. Two groups were healed after 12 weeks, the bone density was lower in the control group. Inflammatory cell infiltrate, cellular interstitialis, fibroblast, collagen and osteoblast were no difference between the two groups only at the first week, but the density of angiogenesis was much more in the experimental group at the following times. Expression of collagen type Ⅰ, Ⅲ were more intensity in the experimental group than the control one at 4,12 weeks. Conclusion Transcription to local bone cells at defect position with pcDNA3.1-VEGF165 plasmid can enhance quantity of the angiopoiesis, extra cellular matrix and the healing of bone defect.

BACKGROUND:Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels as a kind of adult stem cels with strong proliferation and multilineage differentiation potential exhibit a tremendous application potential in tissue engineering and biological therapy.
OBJECTIVE:To in vitro culture, proliferate and identify rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels and to observe cel biological characteristics.
MEHTODS:Bone marrow of rabbits was extracted under sterile conditions to separate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels using the whole bone marrow adherence method and Percol density gradient centrifugation method. Afterwards, the cels were purified and proliferated using differential adherence method. Morphology and growth pattern of cels were observed under microscope, and expression of cel surface antigen markers was detected by flow cytometry.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels presented with short adherent time and fast growth. After passage and purification, impurities cel counts were decreased. Primary cels presented with triangular, fusiform and spindly shapes. Passage 5 cels with single shape showed the typical polar swirling growth, and could not express CD34 and CD45, but expressed CD29 and CD44. These findings indicate that the cels cultured using the whole bone marrow adherence method and Percol density gradient centrifugation method possess stem cel characteristics in morphology, surface markers and multilineage differentiation, which have been identified as bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels by flow cytometry.

Objective To establish osteochondral scaffolds with remained calcified cartilage zone for finding an ideal scaffold for tissue engineered repair of osteochondral defect.Methods Cartilage zone was harvested from fresh adult porcine knee to fabricate type Ⅱ collagen hydrogel.Bone blocks measuring 8 mm in diameter with calcified cartilage zone were prepared by trephine and acellular treatment was performed.Histological staining was used to identify complete removal of cells.To fabricate the osteochondral models containing calcified cartilage zone,type Ⅱ collagen was seeded onto the acellular bone blocks with calcified cartilage zone,lyophilized,and cross-linked with 10 g/L of genipin ethanol solution.Then cell seeding and scanning electron microscope were performed after the models were established.Results HE staining,toluidine blue staining,solid green staining,safranin O staining,and DAPI staining showed cells were completely removed from bone blocks by decellularized process.Porosity of type Ⅱ collagen sponge was (91.1 ±3.8) ％ and pore size was (79.7 ± 17.1) μm.Porosity of acellular bone blocks was (73.5 ±2.6)％ and pore size was (470.2 ± 158.8) μm.Cells seeded onto osteochondral scaffolds grew well by scanning electron microscope.Conclusion Osteochondral scaffolds with calcified cartilage zone provide good biocompatibility and suitable pore size and porosity and may be an ideal material for repairing osteochondral defect in tissue engineering.

OBJECTIVE:To study the compatible stability of Cefmenoxime for injection with Ganciclovir for injection in 0.9% Sodium chloride injection and 5% Glucose injection. METHODS:At room temperature,the appearance and pH of the mix-tures were observed after Cefmenoxime for injection was compatible with Ganciclovir for injection. HPLC method was adopted to determine the content of them. RESULTS:No significant change was noted for the mixture in appearance and pH value. The con-tent of ganciclovir was more than 98%,but that of cefmenoxime decreased to 75.33%. CONCLUSIONS:Cefmenoxime for injec-tion can not be mixed with Ganciclovir for injection in 0.9%Sodium chloride injection and 5%Glucose injection .

Objective:To investigate the changes of adrenomedullin(ADM) and adrenotensin(ADT) in hemodialysis patients. Methods:The plasma concentrations of ADM and ADT were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results:Plasma ADM was significantly higher in the hypertensive group(P

BACKGROUND: The extracellular signal-related kinase(ERK) cascade is activated by its specific upstream kinase MAPK/ERK kinase(MEK) and identified as a critical regulator of cell growth, memory formation and long-term neuronal plasticity.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of ERK activation in establishment and maintenance of chronic neuropathic pain.DESIGN: A randomized controlled experiment based on the animals.SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology of a university-affiliated hospital.MATERIALS: The experiment was performed in the Medical Institute of Anesthesiology of Jiangsu Province from September 2003 to June 2004. Totally 115 male clean SD rats weighting 220 to 300 g were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Xuzhou Medical Colleg e. The rats were raised in separate cages with natural lighting at 20 to 25 ℃, having free access to food and water.INTERVENTIONS: Five days after chronic constrictive injury(CCI) model was established, different doses of U0126 were intrathecally injected according to Mestre' s method. The control group received sterile intrathecal injection of 50 g/L dimethylsulfoxide.hyperalgesia by using von Frey filaments and thermal hyperalgesia stimulator activation and translocation of ERK in spinal cord dorsal horn by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis.RESULTS: CCI could increase the activity of EPK in spinal cord dorsal horn. Intrathecal injection of U0126 significantly attenuated CCI-induced mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia.CONCLUSION: Activation and translocation of ERK contribute to formation and maintenance of CCI-induced neuropathic pain.