Objective  To explore and extract the elements of educational intervention from sustainable trachoma prevention programs in developing countries particularly in Africa.Methods  Literature review was conducted with the search engine, PubMed, with extracting keywords as “Trachoma, intervention, education, SAFE, hygiene, WASH, sustainable, sustainability, and elimination”. After carefully reading the extracted literature and assessing the sustainability of the interventions conducted in Sub-Saharan Africa, using analytical standpoint determined by the JICA evaluation items on sustainability, the elements of educational interventions were categorized.Result  Twenty-two articles were extracted and 10 articles that specifically state effectiveness and contents of intervention were selected for analysis. Five categories with elements of educational intervention were classified as follows: [Education in school age and community], [Intangible and tangible support], [Guidance of constructing latrines], [Guidance on how to use equipment and resources], and [Continuation of knowledge and skill transfer activities].Discussion  The results of this study suggested the significance of conducting educational intervention, not only the construction but also the management and maintenance of latrines, and the effectiveness of habituation of hygiene behavior to school children by implementing hygiene education at schools which behavior may also diffuse at home. Challenges remained in trachoma prevention effort who are left out of the support, such as unenrolled children who are unable to receive school hygiene education, and/or those who are inaccessible to clean water.Conclusion  Elements for educational intervention in sustainable trachoma prevention were examined in this study. It was shown that continuous holistic efforts should be made for the educational interventions as well as for the improvement of accessibility of clean water and hygiene without leaving people and the least developed countries behind.

Introduction  In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), health care providers known as Community Health Workers (CHWs) are active in preventing and managing Type2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, their specific roles and activities have not been academically reviewed. The purpose of this article is to obtain suggestions for effective appointment and utilization of CHWs by categorizing the approach of CHWs on Type2 diabetes prevention and management programs in resource-limited regions.Methods  Original articles published between 2018 to July 2023 on the database of PubMed and Web of Science were searched. Articles that include all the keywords; ‘diabetes’, ‘community health worker(s)’ and ‘each name of LMICs (total of 54 countries or region)’ in the title/abstract were extracted.Results  From the 71 articles extracted, 20 articles from 11 countries/regions were selected for analysis. CHWs’ approaches towards the prevention and management of T2DM were categorized into: recruitment, screening, referral, follow-up, and others. The most common form of approach that CHWs make was a ‘home visit’.Conclusions  CHWs contributed to improved access to T2DM prevention and management using their knowledge of the community and relationships of trust with residents. A diverse approach by CHWs was identified, and they played important roles in primary and secondary prevention. Their roles are essential for high-quality T2DM prevention and management in LMICs facing a shortage of health care workers.