Our hospital has a nutrition support team (NST) serving inpatients of all department. Two years ago, the team started activities with the motto “Apt nutritional management for inpatients”. It is an interdepartmental unit consisting of physicians, nurses, dietitians, pharmacists and speech therapists. Initially we found it difficult to make time to join forces, but now it has become possible to screen patients for undernourishment on a weekly basis while making nutritional assessment and planning, and holding consultations. The main purpose of the consultations is to improve the nutritional status of patients according to plans formulated after nutritional assessment made at the request of physicians and nurses in charge of the patients. To achieve the objective, we are expected to concentrate all our efforts and brains. This paper presents some consultation cases we have handled. In addition, the nutritional assessment and nutritional intervention activities of our hospital are described.
Nutrition Assessment ; Nutritional status ; Nutritional Support ; Hospitals ; Consultation

We described a patient with free wall rupture followed by papillary muscle rupture due to acute myocardial infarction. A 69-year-old man was transferred complaining of transient unconsciousness. His clinical history, electrocardiogram, and chest CT showed myocardial infarction with free wall rupture indicated that several days had passed since the onset. Coronary angiography showed occlusion of the right coronary artery and severe stenosis of the left anterior descending artery. Since cardiac rupture was at inferior wall and hemorrhage wasn't active, repair of the rupture using fibrin glue and fibrin sheet and coronary artery bypass grafting to the left anterior descending artery was performed without cardiopulmonary bypass. On the 10th postoperative day, his arterial oxygen saturation suddenly deteriorated. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed papillary muscle rupture and severe mitral regurgitation. Emergency mitral valve replacement was performed. After two emergency operations, he gradually recovered and were discharged to home. In three months after discharge, he was admitted again due to congestive heart failure with left ventricular aneurysm at inferior wall and recovered in response of conservative treatment. Surgical experience of double rupture is rare. Based on this case, it may be necessary to perform reperfusion therapy toward even this case of recent myocardial infarction, to prevent papillary muscle rupture. It also may be better to use a patch on free wall rupture to prevent cardiac aneurysm.

Background/Aims: While Helicobacter pylori (HP)-negative gastric cancer is frequently reported, little is known about the predictors for detecting HP-negative early gastric cancer (EGC). We aimed to evaluate the predictors for the detection of HP-negative EGC. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 13,477 consecutive asymptomatic cases where upper endoscopy was performed by nine physicians from April 2017 to March 2019 and analyzed the detection rate of high-risk lesions (HRLs), including EGC, tubular adenoma, and lymphoma, according to the status of HP infection. The observation time was corrected for multiple regression analyses. Results: For all physicians, the average observation time for screening HP-eradicated and -naïve patients was shorter than that for screening HP-positive patients (p<0.05). Multiple regression analyses revealed that the observation time in the three groups was an independent predictor for detecting HRLs in HP-eradicated patients (p=0.03106, 0.01263, and 0.02485, respectively), while experience of endoscopy was an independent predictor for detecting HRLs in HP-naïve patients (p=0.02638). Conclusions While observation time during screening endoscopy was a quality indicator for detecting HRLs in HP-eradicated patients, experience of endoscopy was a quality indicator for detecting HRLs in HP-naïve patients.

Introduction  In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), health care providers known as Community Health Workers (CHWs) are active in preventing and managing Type2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). However, their specific roles and activities have not been academically reviewed. The purpose of this article is to obtain suggestions for effective appointment and utilization of CHWs by categorizing the approach of CHWs on Type2 diabetes prevention and management programs in resource-limited regions.Methods  Original articles published between 2018 to July 2023 on the database of PubMed and Web of Science were searched. Articles that include all the keywords; ‘diabetes’, ‘community health worker(s)’ and ‘each name of LMICs (total of 54 countries or region)’ in the title/abstract were extracted.Results  From the 71 articles extracted, 20 articles from 11 countries/regions were selected for analysis. CHWs’ approaches towards the prevention and management of T2DM were categorized into: recruitment, screening, referral, follow-up, and others. The most common form of approach that CHWs make was a ‘home visit’.Conclusions  CHWs contributed to improved access to T2DM prevention and management using their knowledge of the community and relationships of trust with residents. A diverse approach by CHWs was identified, and they played important roles in primary and secondary prevention. Their roles are essential for high-quality T2DM prevention and management in LMICs facing a shortage of health care workers.

Background: No consensus exists regarding which anthropometric measurements are related to bone mineral density (BMD), and this relationship may vary according to sex and age. A large Japanese cohort was analyzed to provide an understanding of the relationship between BMD and anthropometry while adjusting for known confounding factors. Methods: Our cohort included 10,827 participants who underwent multiple medical checkups including distal forearm BMD scans. Participants were stratified into four groups according to age (≥50 years or <50 years) and sex. The BMD values were adjusted for confounding factors, after which single and partial correlation analyses were performed. The prevalence of osteopenia was plotted for each weight index (weight or body mass index [BMI]) class. Results: Cross-sectional studies revealed that weight was more favorably correlated than BMI in the older group (R=0.278 and 0.212 in men and R=0.304 and 0.220 in women, respectively), whereas weight and BMI were weakly correlated in the younger age groups. The prevalence of osteopenia exhibited a negative linear relationship with weight among older women ≥50 years of age, and an accelerated increase was observed with decreasing weight in older men weighing <50 kg and younger women weighing <60 kg. When weight was replaced with BMI, the prevalence was low in most subgroups classified by weight. Conclusions Weight, rather than BMI, was the most important indicator of osteopenia but it might not be predictive of future bone loss.

Engaru-Kosei General Hospital expanded its pharmacist duties in hospital wards in April 2018 following the nationwide switch to out-of-hospital prescriptions. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of pharmacists’ ward duties on nursing duties. Pharmacists expanded their duties to cover drug distribution management, infusions of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) mixed with drugs, and aseptic preparation of 24-h infusions (including peripheral parenteral nutrition). The effects were compared between April 2018 before the expansion of duties and May-September 2018 after the expansion, and we compared the number of meetings set up to discuss nurses’ overtime hours and patient problems. In addition, interviews were conducted about the changes experienced on site. Drug distribution management averaged 3,150 cases/month. The number of TPN mixed infusions was 25 cases/month before expansion and this increased to 88 cases/month after expansion. The number of mixed injections of 24-h infusions was 296/month. Nurses' overtime hours did not decrease significantly, but the number of meetings increased from 47/month to 79.4/month. In the interviews, positive responses were obtained about, for example, the increased number of meetings held and more time for patient care. The pharmacist and the nurse collaborated to improve work by using their expertise, we think that the results obtained from work improvement contributed to the improvement of medical quality and medical safety.