Objective To investigate the change situation of serum pepsinogen (PG) and gastrin-17(G-17) levels change in gastric cancer,and on this basis diagnostic significance of combined detection of carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) and 13C urea breath test (13C UBT) detection in early gastric cancer.Methods The enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA) method was used to detect serum PG Ⅰ,PG Ⅱ and G-17 levels in healthy people,atrophic gastritis group and gastric cancer group.Firstly the changes of above three indicators were compared;then according to PG Ⅰ and G-17,the carcinoma group was divided into the group A,B,C and D,these four groups were detected the helicobacter pylori infection status by 13C UBT.Finally the CA72-4 levels were performed the statistics by using the tumor markers detection results.Results Serum PG Ⅰ level and PG Ⅰ/PG Ⅱ ratio in the control group,atrophic gastritis group and gastric cancer group was gradually declined,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05);serum G-17 level in the control group,atrophic gastritis group and gastric cancer group was gradually increased,the difference among 3 groups was statistically significant (P＜0.05);in early gastric cancer rate ratio among 4 groups,which in the group B was highest,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05);in the comparison of positive rates of 13 C UBT and CA72-4 level in early gastric cancer among 4 group,the 13 C UBT positive rate and CA72-4 level in the group B were higher than those in the group A,C and D,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Moreover the CA72-4 level in the group B had significant difference between early gastric cancer and advanced gastric cancer (P＜0.01).Conclusion Serum PG Ⅰ reduce and G-17 increase combined with CA72-4 high level and 13C UBT positive have an important forewarning value for the diagnosis of gastric cancer.

Objective Based on CT imaging measurements to investigate the relevant parameters of 3D positioning that are used for the puncturing of trigeminal nerve via foramen rotundum route, and to discuss the influences of gender, age, and BMI on the measurements of these parameters in order to improve the success rate of puncturing. Methods A total of 64 patients with trigeminal neuralgia (second branch), who were successfully treated with CT - guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation of trigeminal nerve via foramen rotundum route during the period from August 2015 to March 2017, were included in this study. Their CT images were retrospectively analyzed. The line from the opening of the external auditory canal to the root of the nose (ear-nose line) was used as the base line on sagittal plane, and the angle between the ear-nose line and the puncture needle (angle α) was measured. On transverse section drawing a line between the midpoint of nose bridge and the midpoint of the posterior edge of the ethmoid sinus (M line), the angle between M line and the puncture needle (angle β) was determined. The vertical distance from the midpoint of the foramen rotundum to M line(D1), the vertical distance from needle puncture point to M line(D2), and the puncture depth (D3) were respectively measured. Results The angle α varied from 44. 10° to 63. 50° with a mean of (55. 05°±5. 48°). The angle β ranged from 26. 42° to 68. 37° with an average of (38. 19°±8. 58°). The distance of D1 was (19. 55±2. 67) mm, the distance of D2 was (58. 50±5. 41) mm, and the depth of D3 was (64. 89+8. 21) mm. The gender, age and BMI value showed a close correlation with the puncture angle and the puncture depth (P＜0. 05), and no statistically significant differences in these indexes existed between the left side and the right side (P＞0. 05). Conclusion The angle a and the other puncture parameters can roughly determine the three dimensional spatial orientation of foramen rotundum, which can be further adjusted according to patient's gender, age and BMI value. (J Intervent Radiol, 2018, 27: 234-237)

OBJECTIVETo detect potential mutation of TCOF1 gene in a Chinese family affected with Treacher-Collins syndrome.

METHODSClinical data of the patient was collected. The analysis included history taking, clinical examination and genetic testing. All coding regions of the TCOF1 gene were subjected to PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing.

RESULTSA novel mutation c.2261ins G (p.E95X) of the TCOF1 gene was discovered in the patient. The same mutation was not found in his parents and 100 healthy controls.

CONCLUSIONThe c.2261insG (p.E95X) mutation of the TCOF1 gene probably underlies the disease in the patient. Genetic testing can facilitate diagnosis and genetic counseling for families affected with TCS.

BACKGROUND:Intervertebral disk degeneration is a pathological change caused by a series of complex molecular mechanisms that result in the aging and damage of intervertebral discs,ultimately leading to severe clinical symptoms.Traditional Chinese medicine has unique advantages in the treatment of intervertebral disk degeneration due to its low cost,non-addictive nature,multi-target effects,minimally toxic and side effects,and high patient acceptance. OBJECTIVE:To review the latest research results of traditional Chinese medicine monomer intervention-related signaling pathways in the treatment of intervertebral disk degeneration,describe and analyze the action mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine monomer on intervertebral disk degeneration,and provide a new approach and theoretical basis for future basic research and clinical treatment. METHODS:The first author searched for relevant literature from January 2018 to February 2023 in CNKI,PubMed,VIP,and WanFang using the search terms"intervertebral disc,signal pathway".The articles that did not meet the criteria were excluded after preliminary screening of the titles and abstracts.Finally,72 articles were selected for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Traditional Chinese medicine monomers can regulate multiple classical signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin,PI3K/Akt,mTOR,NF-κB,and MAPK.They achieve this by regulating oxidative stress,adjusting the expression of pro/anti-apoptotic proteins in cells,stimulating cellular autophagy function,reducing stimulation of cell inflammatory factors,increasing the expression of extracellular matrix markers,reducing the production of matrix-degrading enzymes,maintaining the synthesis and stability of extracellular matrix,inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in the nucleus pulposus into nucleus pulposus cells,promoting endogenous repair and reconstruction,controlling apoptosis and aging of nucleus pulposus cells,and increasing the activity of nucleus pulposus cells.These actions improve the microenvironment within the intervertebral disc,maintain the normal physiological function of the intervertebral disc,and delay intervertebral disc degeneration.

BACKGROUND:At present,bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are the main seed cells used in cell therapy for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.However,the use of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as seed cells for the regeneration of fibrous rings is at risk of heterotopic ossification and teratoma at the repair site.Therefore,it is of great economic and social significance to find a new kind of seed cells for tissue engineering of annulus fibrosus for the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration. OBJECTIVE:To isolate and purify rat annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells by adherent method combined with fibronectin differential adhesion screening method,and to observe its purification effect and biological characteristics. METHODS:Annulus fibrosus tissue was obtained from a SD rat intervertebral disc.Primary annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells were obtained by the mechanical-enzymatic digestion method.Annulus fibronectin differential adhesion method was used to purify annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells.Morphological changes and proliferation of cells were observed through a microscope.The expression levels of stem cell markers were detected by immunofluorescence technique and qPCR.The screened cells were subjected to multi-lineage cell differentiation and characteristic gene detection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The purified cells grew well,and most of them were angular and star-shaped multi-process cells,which had good proliferation ability.(2)Cells were positive for cell membrane surface antigens CD73,CD90 and CD105,while negative for CD45 and CD34.(3)After specific induction,cells could successfully differentiate into osteoblasts,chondroblasts and lipoblasts.(4)Collagen-I,Runx-2 after osteogenic induction,Collagen Ⅱ,Sox-9 after chondrogenic induction,and PPAR-γ and LPL after lipogenic induction were highly expressed in cells,and the difference was significant compared with that before induction(P<0.05).(5)These findings confirm that the adherent method combined with fibronectin differential adhesion method is effective enough to screen,isolate and purify rat annulus fibrosus-derived stem cells,and has good cell biological properties,good proliferation ability and multiple differentiation potential.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of serum albumin (Alb) levels in the early postoperative period (within 1 hour) for urosepsis after minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (mPCNL).Methods:The clinical data of 160 patients treated by single channel holmium laser mPCNL in urolithiasis treatment center of the second hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2019 to January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the sepsis group and the non-sepsis group according to whether the patients developed urosepsis after the operation. There were 110 cases of male, and 50 cases of female, with average age of(51.8±11.9), including 68 cases with hypertension, 26 cases with diabetes, 12 patients with history of preoperative fever, 16 cases with history of endoscopic lithotomy surgery, 6 patients with preoperative catheter, 24 patients with positive preoperative urine culture, 12 patients with positive preoperative nitrite volume, 32 cases with preoperative routine urine leucocyte(+ + + ). The operative time and infusion volume were recorded during the operation. Blood samples were collected from all patients within 1 hour after surgery to detect blood routine and serum albumin (Alb), and the change of haemorrhagic white blood cells and serum albumin were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to statistically analyze the relevant clinical parameters to identify the independent risk factors for urosepsis after mPCNL surgery. The ROC curve was established and the area under the comparison curve was calculated to analyze the predictive value of independent risk factors for postoperative urosepsis.Results:There were 13 patients (8.1%) in the sepsis group, including 7 males and 6 females, with an average age of (53.1±8.2) years. There were 147 patients (91.9%) in the non-sepsis group, including 103 males and 44 females, with an average age of (51.7±12.1)years. Single factor analysis showed the infectious stones (38.5% and 8.8%), surgery duration [(94.6±26.2)min and(63.6±24.5)min], a positive urine culture (46.2% and 12.2%), positive urinary nitrite (30.8% and 5.4%), strong positive urinary leukocyte (61.5% and 11.3%), postoperative albumin levels [(34.2±2.7)g/L and(40.7±6.2)g/L]and changes of serum albumin levels within one hour after surgery [(18.3±4.6)% and(3.8±14.3)%] between the sepsis group and the non-sepsis group had significant differences ( P<0.05). Multiariable logistic regression analysis showed the strong positive urine leucocyte ( OR=57.704, 95% CI 2.407-1383.427, P=0.012), postoperative blood leucocyte level within one hour after surgery ( OR=2.406, 95% CI 1.154-3.627, P=0.014) and the change of serum albumin levels after surgery ( OR=1.373, 95% CI 1.083-1.740, P=0.009) were independent risk factors for sepsis. ROC curve analysis indicated that the AUC of the change amplitude of serum albumin level was 0.926, which was significantly higher than the AUC of the qualitative results of blood leukocyte and the AUC of urinary leukocyte( P<0.01). Conclusions:The positive urinary leucocyte, the change of serum albumin levels after surgery within one hour and the leucocyte level are independent risk factors for postoperative urosepsis after mPCNL. The change of serum albumin level in the early postoperative period has a strong predictive value for the early diagnosis of postoperative sepsis.