Objective To understand the status of Xinjiang medical students' autonomous learning of Ideological and Political Theory Course,and put forward corresponding educational countermeasures.Method By using stratified cluster sampling method 850 Xinjiang minority and Han medical students in a university were extracted as the subjects and were surveyed by college learning autonomy self-statements Questionnaire including two dimensions of attitudes and habits of learning ideological and Political Theory Course.Using SPSS 13.0 thex2-test was used for statistical analysis,the level of test=0.05.Results On the ideological and political theory course teaching attitude,positive attitude of the minority medical students and the Han medical students were 319/67.6％ and 259/73.8％ respectively(P=0.009 3),and the overall satisfaction rate reached 579/70.3％.In the habit of learning the ideological and political theory course,38/8.1％ minority medical students selected the library to learn,while 132/37.7％ of Han medical students chose Library(P=0.007 9、0.037 0).In the choice of place of study and the way to find information there was statistically significant difference between minority medical students and Han medical students.Conclusion According to the differences of minority students' and Han students' learning ideological and political theory course,we can carry out differentiated autonomous learning training strategies through the establishment of new education ideas,innovative education carrier and method to improve both the minority medical students'and Han medical students' autonomous learning ability of Ideological and Political Theory Course

L3、4,and there was no significatant difference between two sides,and the biggest inner diameter of the main vessels averaged 5.3?0.6 mm.[Conclusion]To begin with,the blood supply is adequate in the intertransverse area,and the distribution of blood vessels follows some regularities,so to be familiar with the anatomy and to operate carefully can reduce bleeding.In addition,ILIF in segment L3、4 and L4、5 is feasible.

Objective To observe the clinical features and investigate the method of treatment for vasoproliferative tumors of the retina (VTR). Methods Retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 17 VTR patients (17 eyes) who had undergone examination of ocular funds, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and B ultra-scanning examination, including 1 treated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) and 7 treated by photocoagulation. Pathological examination and photocoagulation was performed on 1 patient who was found with VTR when undergoing vitrectomy. Results Single or multiple red or yellowish tumor lesions were found in ocular fundi of all of the 17 eyes associated with intraretinal and subretinal exudations (100%), haemorrhages (n=10, 58.82%), retinal detachment (n=5, 29.41%), exudative changes at the macula (n=9, 52.94%), and vitreous haemorrhage (n=1, 5.88%). The lesions located at the inferio-temporal quadrant was found in 8 eyes (47.06%), at the superio-temporal quadrant in 7 (41.18%), and at the inferio- and superio-nasal quadrant in 1 (5.88%), respectively. The result of B ultra-scanning indicated that 16 patients had the lesions on the retina. The result of FFA demonstrated the leakage of the fluorescein of the tumor at the early stage. The tumor became smaller in size of the patient treated by PDT,and in 7 patients undergone photocoagulation, 2 revealed slightly shrunken lesions and 1 less leakage. Conclusions The clinical features of VTR were red or yellowish tumedity lesions in ocular fundi with intraretinal and subretinal exudations. The examination of B ultra-scanning and FFA may help to diagnose VTR. PDT and photocoaguation are effective on controlling the lesion but are of no avail for the improvement of visual acuity.

Objective To investigate the morphological features of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in central exudative chorioretinopathy (CEC) using optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods OCT and fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) were performed in 41 cases (43 eyes) of CEC,and the course of CEC disease was from 1 week to 10 months. Twenty seven of 43 eyes were also examined by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA). Results OCT images revealed 5 kinds of morphological features of CEC: well defined CNV(41.86 %),poorly defined CNV(30.23 %),hemorrhagic pigment epithelium detachment (PED)(16.28 %), CNV companied with serous (6.98 %) or hemorrhagic neurosensory retina detachment (4.65 %). CNV mainly showed well defined and poorly defined CNV (72.09 %).In those eyes that could clear define the CNV boundary,there were 12 eyes on FFA examination and 20 eyes on ICGA examination which defined the boundary from retinal horizontal plane, while there were 23 eyes on OCT examination which defined the boundary from retinal vertical section. Classic CNV on FFA consistently presented with well defined boundaries on OCT ,whereas non classic CNV had a variable cross sectional appearance. Conclusions The OCT morphological features of CNV in CEC is mainly well defined CNV and poorly defined CNV; OCT examination can precisely observe the retinal and choriocapillaries pathological anatomy of CEC from retinal vertical section, in making the CEC diagnosis as an important complementary examination of FFA and ICGA which observe the focus from retinal horizontal plane.

BACKGROUND: It is thought in traditional Chinese medicine that dogday moxibustion (DDM) has good clinical effect in treating bronchial asthma. Study of its influence on soluble cellular adhesion molecules in patients with bronchial asthma can help to well understand its mechanism.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of dog-day on soluble cellular adhesion molecules in patients with bronchial asthmaDESIGN: Self-control, case-control observationSETTING: College of Acupuncture and Manipulation and Clinic of the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion of the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 28 patients with bronchial asthma receiving dog-day moxibustion in the Clinic of the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July to August 2004 were set as dog-day moxibustion group, and 10 concurrent health volunteers were set as normal control group.METHODS: According to the principle of "treating winter diseases in summer", the Chinese medicine which consists of such herbs as Baijiezi(Semen Sinapis Albae ), Mahuang(Herba Ephedrae ), Xixin (Herba Asari ),Gans ui (Radix Kansui ), Yanhu (Rhizoma Corydalis ) was stuck on the points such as Feishu, Dingchuan, Fengnen, Bailao, Shenshu. Point selection was at the two sides, and a lumpy salve was stuck on the point with adhesive tape. Three to six hours for adult and one to two hours for children in each sticking duration; and the operation was respectively done on the first (July20), second (July 30) and third (August 9) dog-day.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Short-term effect 3 months later was observed, the levels of soluble cellular adhesion molecules and IgE were assayed before and 10 days after treatment, and comparison with normal control group was performed. The indexes of the patients before treatment were performed Pearson correlation analysis.RESULTS: Twenty-eight patients and 10 healthy persons all entered result analysis. [1] Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 level was significantly higher before treatment in dog-day moxibustion group than that after treatment in the dog-day moxibustion group and that in the normal control group [(281.39±64.58 ), (256.95±44.22), ( 194.30±39.05 ) μg/L,P ＜ 0.01].[2]Vaso-cellular adhesion molecule-1 level was significantly higher before treatment in the dog-day moxibustion group than that after treatment in the dog-day moxibustion group and that in the normal control group [(234.79±89.75), (185.80±84.41), (128.85±51.28)μg/L,P ＜ 0.01]. [3]IgE level was significantly higher before treatment than that after treatment in the dog-day moxibustion group and that in the normal control group [(482.61±123.43), (418.96±134.18), (161.53±43.64)μg/L,P＜ 0.01]. [4]Pearson correlation analysis result: Intercellular adhasion molecule-1 level is significantly positively correlated with IgE and vascular intercellular adhesion molecule-1 level (r =0.641,0.449 ,P ＜ 0.01,0.05). [5]Effect: Total effective rate was 93% (26/28)in the treatment of bronchial asthma with dogday moxibustion . The type of the symptoms, with blister or not, course of disease and condition of disease had no significant influence on effect (P＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Dog-day moxibustion may effect through inhibiting the expression of adhesion molecule or inhibiting leukocyte to adhere endothelial cell directly so as to reduce the infiltration of inflammatory cells.

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of different managements of complete rupture of the deltoid ligament associated with supination-external rotation ankle fracture.Methods From January 2010 to June 2014,33 cases of complete rupture of the deltoid ligament associated with supination-external rotation ankle fracture were treated with open reduction and internal fixation.According to the different managements of the complete rupture of the deltoid ligament,the patients were divided into 4 groups:9 cases in the non-repair group,7 cases in the superficial layer repair group,9 cases in the deep layer repair group,and 8 cases in the complete repair group.All the patients took anteroposterior,lateral and gravity stress radiographs preoperatively and postoperatively.The 4 groups were compatible in preoperative general data (P ＞ 0.05).The 4 groups were compared in terms of operation time,medial clear space and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score.Results All the patients were followed up for 6 to 18 months (average,13.7 months).All wounds healed at the first stage without any infection.All fractures united primarily after 3 to 9 months (average,4.7 months).The operation time for the superficial layer repair group was significantly longer than for the non-repair group,but significantly shorter than for the deep layer repair and the complete repair groups (P ＜ 0.05).In gravity stress radiographs,there was no significant difference in medial clear space among the 4 groups (P ＞ 0.05),but there were significant differences before and after operation in the 4 groups (P ＜ 0.05).The postoperative AOFAS ankle-hindfoot score in the repair groups was significantly higher than in the non-repair group and the superficial layer repair group(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion To achieve satisfactory outcomes for patients with complete rupture of the deltoid ligament associated with supination-external rotation ankle fractures,anatomic open reduction and rigid internal fixation is necessary,and repair of the deltoid ligament,especially its superficial layer,is a valuable contribution.

Objective To promote the understanding of X-ray examination in the diagnosis of solitary globular lesion of lung.Methods Of 402 cases with solitary globular lung lesion, 398 were proved by operation,pathology and 4 cases of lung abscess were proved by clinical therapy. Anteroposterior radiogrphs were taken in all cases;lateral radiogrphs were taken in 368 cases.Results Of these cases ,there were peripheral lung cancer 96,tuberculoma 33,lung echinococcosis 253, lung abscess 9, pulmonary metastatic carcinoma 3.There were no characteristic signs in the rare diseases. Therefore , it's difficult to diagnose these lesions. The rare diseases include inflammatory pseudotumor 2, pulmonary hamartoma 2 , lung sarcoma 2 , pneumoblastoma 1 and lung fibroma 1. Conclusion X-ray examination is important in the diagnosis of solitary globular lung lesion.

Animal gastrointestinal tract contains a complex community of microbes, whose composition ultimately reflects the co-evolution of microorganisms with their animal host. The gut microbial community of humans and animals has received significant attention from researchers because of its association with health and disease. The application of metagenomics technology enables researchers to study not only the microbial composition but also the function of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. In this paper, combined with our own findings, we summarized advances in studying gastrointestinal tract microorganism with metagenomics and the bioinformatics technology.
Animals ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; microbiology ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; etiology ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; etiology ; Metagenome ; physiology ; Metagenomics ; methods ; Obesity ; etiology

Objective To investigate the most sensitive methods for diagnosing spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection (sICAD) and spontaneous vertebral artery dissection (sVAD) respectively,for the sake of earlier and more accurate diagnosis.Methods Consecutive patients with sICAD and sVAD who visited the Department of Neurology and Radiology,Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University during 2008-2013 were retrospectively reviewed and the sensitivity of CT angiography (CTA),magnetic resonance T1-weighted fat-suppressed images (MR T1-FS) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for the diagnosis of sICAD and sVAD was compared.Results Eighty patients (62 male,18 female; mean age (45.7 ± 11.9) years) were included in the study.There were 99 arterial dissections in total,45 cases of sICAD,52 cases of sVAD and 2 cases of spontaneous middle cerebral artery dissections.The sensitivity of CTA,DSA and MR T1-FS for diagnosing sICAD was 97.5％ (39/40),90.0％ (36/40) and 69.6％ (16/23) respectively,while for sVAD was 89.8％ (44/49),84.6％ (44/52) and 100.0％ (27/27) respectively.Conclusions sICAD and sVAD have significant differences in many aspects including diagnostic strategies.CTA and MR T1-FS seem to be the most sensitive methods for the diagnosis of sICAD and sVAD respectively.Although DSA has been considered as the gold standard for the diagnosis of artery dissection,this imaging technique does not allow analysis of artery wall thickness,thus also has limitations.It is likely that the diagnostic sensitivity will be improved by combining CTA and MR T1-FS.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of a new minimal incision suture technique in repair of acute close rupture of Achilles tendon.Methods From August 2008 through October 2014,134 patients with acute close rupture of Achilles tendon were treated with a self-designed minimally invasive suture technique at our institution.They were 130 men and 4 women,with an average age of 37.4 years (range,from 18 to 52 years).The left side was injured in 93 patients and the right side in 41.The interval from injury to surgery was 1 to 7 days (average,2.5 days).The tendon rupture was located at 4.5 to 6.3 cm proximal to its insertion in 133 patients,and at 1.2 cm in one.With the ankle held in full plantar flexion,a 1.0 to 1.5 cm transverse incision was made over the palpable defect.Forceps were then used to mobilize the tendon from beneath the paratenon.The safe puncture site was determined by course and distribution of the sural nerve indirectly located by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Ethicon MB66 nonabsorbable suture was passed diagonally through the tendon bulk under epidural puncture needle guidance.The proximal and distal ends of the suture were tied together and buried.The tendon ends were apposed through the transverse incision.Postoperative individual rehabilitation was established based on pathological differentiation for tendon tissue.Results All the patients were followed up for 8 to 48 months (average,19.6 months).All the wounds healed at the first stage.No complications happened related to incision.The nervus suralis was injured in 3 patients;tendon re-rupture occurred in 4 patients,3 of whom received re-operation and one of whom conservative treatment.Their American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores averaged 99.6,giving a good to excellent rate of 100％ (133excellentcasesandonegoodcase).According to the Arner-Lindholm evaluation criteria,ankle function was excellent in 99 cases,good in 34 ones and poor in one,giving a good to excellent rate of 99.3％.Conclusion The new minimal incision suture technique is worthy of promotion in repair of ruptured Achilles tendon,because it is simple and reliable,does not interfere with the blood circulation to the Achilles tendon,prevents such complications as sural nerve injury and recurrent rupture,and leads to little adhesion and quick functional recovery.