The dynamic changes of cognitive function has been paid more and more attention by foreign scholars.Dynamic assessment based on ecological momentary assessment(EMA)can capture subtle changes in cognitive function and provide more comprehensive information for early identification and timely intervention of people with cognitive impairment, which is an effective supplement to traditional cognitive assessment.This paper reviewed the concept of ecological momentary assessment, its advantages in cognitive assessment, its feasibility and effectiveness, and its application status in the evaluation of cognitive function in the elderly, so as to provide a reference for making ecological assessment of the cognitive function for older adults that is in line with China's national conditions.

Objective:To explore the mediating role of self-perceptions of aging between frailty and cognitive function in community-dwelling older adults.Methods:From February to July 2021, a total of 528 elderly people in Xinxiang community were investigated with the frailty phenotype, the brief self-perceptions ageing questionnaire and the Mini-mental state examination(MMSE) scale.According to the MMSE total score and education level, the subjects were divided into cognitive impairment group (illiteracy≤17, primary school≤20, junior high school and above≤24, n=74) and cognitive normal group( n=454). SPSS 25.0 software was used for common method deviation test, descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, while AMOS 24.0 software was used to build structural equation model and Bootstrap method was used for intermediary effect test. Results:(1)The prevalence of cognitive impairment among the elderly in the community was 14.1%. The differences between the cognitively normal group and cognitively impaired group were statistically significant in terms of age, education, number of chronic diseases suffered and depression ( χ2=59.21, 6.53, 9.84, 25.47, all P<0.05). The differences were statistically significant in terms of frailty( χ2=75.65, P<0.001) and self-perceptions of aging ( t=77.67, P<0.001). (2)Self-perceptions of aging in the cognitively impaired group (47.39±8.66) was higher than that in the cognitively normal group (38.22±8.24) ( t=77.67, P<0.001) .Frailty score in cognitively impaired group (2.00 (1.00, 3.00)) was higher than that in the cognitively normal group (0.00 (0.00, 1.00))( Z=-8.63, P<0.001) . (3)Frailty was negatively correlated with cognitive function ( r=-0.492, P<0.01), and positively correlated with self-perceptions of aging ( r=0.540, P<0.01). Self-perceptions of aging was negatively correlated with cognitive function ( r=-0.541, P<0.01) . After controlling the influencing factors such as age, education level, chronic diseases and depression, the correlation was still significant (all P<0.01) . (4) Self-perceptions of aging played a partially mediating role in the relationship between frailty and cognitive function, the mediating effect accounted for 58.5% of the total effect. Conclusion:Frailty and self-perceptions of aging have a significant impact on the cognitive function of the elderly in the community, and self-perceptions of aging plays a partial intermediary role between the frailty and cognitive function of the elderly in the community.

Chronic pain is a common clinical manifestation in patients with advanced cancer, and pain treatment is a part of cancer treatment. The titration method of opiod drugs will be recommended for relieving pain in moderate-severe pain in order to improve the quality of life of patients with advanced cancer. Individualized pain control refers to the concept that different patients show different resistance responses to opiod drugs. This article briefly reviews the classification and mechanism of cancer pain, the titration method of opiod drugs in the cancer pain control and individualized application.

Objective:To explore the effect of scenario simulation nursing in fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) examination of preschool children.Methods:From January 2017 to March 2021, 98 preschool children who underwent FFA examination in the Fluorescence Contrast Room of Shanxi Eye Hospital were selected as the research object. Children from 2017 to December 2018 were in the control group with routine nursing, and children from January 2019 to March 2021 were in the experimental group with scenario simulation nursing. The incidence of adverse reactions and satisfaction with cooperation were compared between the two groups of children.Results:The incidence of adverse reactions in children in the experimental group was 2.00%, which was lower than 16.67% in children in the control group. The satisfaction with cooperation in the experimental group was 94.0%, which was higher than 79.2% in the control group. The differences were all statistically significant ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The application of scenario simulation nursing in FFA examination of preschool children can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in children and improve the satisfaction of children with cooperation during the examination.

Objective:To investigate the dosimetry advantage of 3D-printed minimally invasive guided template used in local advanced cervical cancer intracavitary combined with interstitial radiotherapy.Methods:A total of 68 cases with locally advanced cervical cancer who were admitted to Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of intergrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine from May 2016 to August 2019 were selected. All the patients had eccentric tumor or large tumor (tumor diameter >5 cm) after radiotherapy. Intensity modulated radiotherapy was used for external radiotherapy, and intracavitary combined with interstitial radiotherapy was used for brachytherapy. The prescription dose of high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) is 6 Gy/fraction, once a week, five fractions in total. Sixty-eight patients were randomly divided into two groups, 35 cases in the template group who received minimally invasive 3D printing guided template assisted intrauterine tube implantation and insertion needle implantation, and 33 patients in the free implantation group who received free hand intrauterine tube implantation and insertion needle implantation. The position and depth of the insertion needle were adjusted by CT-guidance, and the final CT image was transmitted to the Oncentra Brachy treatment planning system, then the target volume and organs at risk were delineated for planning and treatment.Results:A total of 340 brchytherapy plans were made, including 175 in the template group and 165 in the free implantation group. The D90 values of the HR-CTV and intermediate-risk clinical target volume (IR-CTV) in the template group were increased ( t=3.63, 2.45, P<0.05), and D2 cm3 values (dose of 2 cm 3 of organ at risk) of bladder, rectum and sigmoid colon were significantly decreased ( t=-2.81, -2.54, -2.33, P<0.05). At the same time, the average CT scanning times of each treatment in the template group was (1.78±0.53) times, the average duration of each treatment was (11.35±3.98) min, and the average number of needles used in each implant treatment was (5.21±1.37). The result of free implantation group was higher than that of the template group. The differences were statistically significant ( t=-2.26, -4.53, -3.21, P<0.05). Conclusions:For localized advanced cervical cancer patients with eccentric or large tumors, the 3D printed minimally invasive guided template for intracavitary and interstitial implantation has obvious dosimetry advantages, and the operation is simpler and the duration is shorter.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab in the treatment of radiation brain necrosis, and to provide guidance for rational clinical application. Methods: A retrospective analysis was made of 14 patients with radiation brain necrosis who had failed to receive mannitol and hormone treatment or had been treated for the first time. All the patients were divided into two groups according to different treatment regimens (5.0 mg/kg repeated every 14 d and 7.5 mg/kg repeated every 21 d). The changes of enhanced lesions in MRI T1W1 phase and edema in T2W1 phase were compared separately in the two groups. The clinical symptoms, changes of KPS score and adverse drug reactions were recorded. Results: Totally 14 patients completed at least two cycles of treatment. After two cycles of treatment, the KPS scores of both groups were improved. The KPS scores of 5.0 mg/kg group were increased by 31.66 points on average compared with those before treatment. The KPS scores of 7.5 mg/kg group were increased by 27.50 points on average compared with those before treatment. The volume of CRN lesions were decreased(46.0±9.4)%(t=6.57, P<0.05) and the volume of edema lesions decreased(68.9±8.9)%(t=3.32, P<0.05) in 5.0 mg/kg group. In 7.5 mg/kg group, these two parameters were reduced by(53.9±10.7)%(t=7.89, P<0.05 and (77.1±14.3)%(t=4.22, P<0.05), respectively. There was no significant difference in the reduction of the mean volume of CRN lesions and the volume of edema area between the two groups (P>0.05). In this study, the incidence of adverse events in the 5.0 mg/kg group was similar to that in the 7.5 mg/kg group, with no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusions Bevacizumab can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and quality of life of patients with radiation brain necrosis. The safety of 5.0 mg/kg treatment regimen repeated every 14 d is similar to that of 7.5 mg/kg treatment regimen repeated every 21 d, which can be used for reference in the treatment of CRN.

Objective To observe the changes ofmacular structure and choroidal capillary blood flow density in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).Methods Prospective cross-sectional study.A total of 24 eyes of 24 patients with monocular acute CSC (case group) diagnosed by clinical examination from Shanxi Eye Hospital during January and March 2018 were included in the study.The eyes (24 eyes) and contralateral eyes (24 eyes) of the patients in the case group were set to CSC group and contralateral eye group,respectively.Twenty-one eyes of 21 healthy volunteers with age and gender matching were selected as normal control group.The macular structure of the eyes were observed by OCT and OCT angiography (OCTA),and the blood vessel density of choroidal capillary layer in the circular area of the macular area with a radius of 1 mm was measured.The paired t-test was used to compare the differences in blood flow density in the choroidal capillaries between the three groups.Results The results of OCT showed that the serous neuroepithelial detachment in the macular area was observed in all eyes of the CSC group,with or without RPE detachment being 20 or 4 eyes,respectively.Of the 24 eyes in the contralateral eye group,13 eyes (54.2％) had thick choroidal RPE lesions (PPE).There was no abnormality in the retina and choroidal structure in the macular area of the normal control group.The results of OCTA showed that the blood flow density of choroidal capillaries in the CSC group,the contralateral eye group and the normal control group were 1.759 ± 0.132,1.924± 0.463,and 1.940± 0.033,respectively.Compared with the eyes of the contralateral eye group and the normal control group,the blood flow density of choroidal capillaries in the CSC group was significantly lower (t=6.611,6.474;P=0.000,0.000).There was no significant difference in the blood flow density of choroidal capillary layer between the contralateral eye group and the normal control group (t=1.328,P ＞ 0.05).In the contralateral eye group,there was no significant difference in the blood flow density of choroidal capillary layer between PPE eyes and no RPE eyes (t=0.806,P＞0.05).Conclusions There is 54.2％ of the contralateral eyes in the monocular acute CSC patients with PPE.The choroidal capillary layer blood flow density is lower than that of the contralateral and normal eyes.

Objective To study the urinary arsenic safety guideline value of a population for evaluating the arsenic exposure level in a certain population and providing evidence for the implementation of prevention and control measures in endemic arsenicosis area.Methods According to the data from the national high-arsenic drinking water sources screening in endemic arsenicosis area of drinking water type and quality supervision and inspection for water-improving project to decrease arsenic from 2005 to 2014,census data on arsenic poisoning in endemic arsenicosis area,data on surveillance of endemic arsenicosis,10 722 people with detailed personal information,complete water arsenic exposure data and accurate urinary arsenic detection data were selected to be the research objects.The relationship between urinary arsenic and water arsenic was analyzed based on the surveillance data of 4 501 people from 2013 to 2014.The safety guidance value of urinary arsenic was determined based on the geometric mean value of urinary arsenic in people exposed to water arsenic in the range of (0.050 ± 0.005) mg/L,and verified using the data of 6 221 people from 2005 to 2012.Every time,a random sample of 2 000 people was taken as the verification sample,the sensitivity and specificity of the index for determining whether water arsenic exposure exceeded the standard were determined by area under the ROC curve (AUC),and a total of 10 sample tests was performed.Results When the water arsenic concentration was less than 0.01 mg/L,the correlation coefficient of water arsenic concentration with urinary arsenic concentration was 0.097 (P ＜ 0.01);when the water arsenic concentration was more than 0.01 mg/L and less than 0.05 mg/L,the correlation coefficient of arsenic concentration with water arsenic concentration was 0.456 (P ＜ 0.01);when the water arsenic concentration was more than 0.05 mg/L,the correlation coefficient of water arsenic concentration with urinary arsenic concentration was 0.630 (P ＜ 0.01).With increase of water arsenic concentration,the concentration of urinary arsenic increased significantly,and the difference was statistically significant (x2 =2 337.956,P ＜ 0.01).When water arsenic concentration was in the range of (0.050 ± 0.005) mg/L,the urinary arsenic geometric mean was 0.032 mg/L.AUC analysis of 10 random samples of 2 000 people showed that the geometric mean of urinary arsenic was 0.032 mg/L in the population,which can accurately distinguish whether the water arsenic level exceeded 0.05 mg/L,and the AUC value was higher than 0.94.And the sensitivity and specificity were achieved 0.898 and 0.844.Conclusions The geometric mean of urinary arsenic is 0.032 mg/L,which can be used as a safety guideline value for urinary arsenic in the population.When the geometric mean of urinary arsenic exceeds this value,the population may be exposed to high arsenic.

Objective To study the features of mucinous carcinoma and myxoidfibroadenoma of the breast on MRI.Methods Fourty patients with pure mucinous carcinoma and myxoidfibroadenoma confirmed by surgical pathology who underwent breast MRI from January 2010 to May 2017 in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital were analyzed retrospectively, including 26 patients with mucinous carcinoma and 14 patients with myxoidfibroadenoma. By use of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon, an analysis of the shape, margin, infiltration to adjacent tissues, the lesion location, signal intensity in the T1WI and fat-suppressed T2WI, dark internal septation, the pattern of time-signal intensity curve (TIC),rim enhancement, delayed internal enhancement, the DWI signal and ADC values was performed. Qualitative data and quantitative data were compared with χ2test and independent sample t test respectively. Results There were significant differences in the margin,dark internal septation,the lesion location, rim enhancement and delayed internal enhancement between mucinous carcinoma and myxoidfibroadenoma(P＜0.05). The shape, signal intensity in the T1WI and fat-suppressed T2WI,infiltration to adjacent tissues, the pattern of TIC, the DWI signal and ADC values were not statistically significant between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion The combination of irregular margin, less frequent dark internal septation, rim enhancement in the early phase, delayed heterogeneous enhancement and the lesion location where was in the shallow layer of fibro-glandular tissue were significant findings for differentiation between mucinous carcinoma and myxoidfibroadenoma.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI)in differentiating non-metastatic from metastatic mesorectal lymph nodes in rectal cancer.Methods IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI were performed preoperatively in 38 patients with histologically proven rectal carcinoma.The short axis diameter,short-to-long axis diameter ratio,four IVIM-based parameters (ADC,D,D? and f) and six DEC-MRI semi-quantitative parameters (Slope,Maxslope,CER,Washout,TTP,iAUC90 and iAUC180 )were compared between the metastatic (n=28)and non-metastatic (n=27)lymph nodes.Results There were significant statistical significances between the metastatic and non-metastatic lymph nodes in mean short axis diameter (8.87 mm±2.829 mm vs 6.83 mm±1.075 mm),D value[(0.824±0.1 13)× 10 -3 mm2/s vs (1.033±0.244)× 10 -3 mm2/s],CER(1.588 ±0.664 vs 1.054 ±0.41 9),iAUC90 (22.89 ± 9.83 vs 13.59 ± 5.34)and iAUC1 80 (49.38±20.1 9 vs 30.31 ± 1 1.67)(P ≤0.001).The short-to-long axis diameter ratio,ADC,D? ,f,Slope,Maxslope,Washout and TTP values did not show significant differences between the two groups(P >0.05).The respectively optimal cut-off value (area under the curve,sensitivity and specificity)for distinguishing metastatic from non-metastatic lymph nodes were as follows:short axis diameter=7.1 mm(0.744,64.2%,85.1%),D=0.906×10 -3 mm2/s (0.821,81.5%,75.0%),CER=1.05(0.749,85.7%,62.9%), iAUC90 =13.42(0.780,85.7%,62.9%),iAUC180 =49.65 (0.770, 50.0%,100%)respecyively.Conclusion Both IVIM-DWI and DCE-MRI are useful for differentiating non-metastatic from metastatic mesorectal lymph nodes in rectal cancer.