Purpose To evaluate short term visual acuity effects of a single photodynamic therapy(PDT) treatment with Visudyne (CIBA Vision Corp, Duluth, Ga) for choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Definitely diagnostic AMD patients with classic CNV were treated with PDT (5 cases, 7 eyes). The data of visual acuity testing, ophthalmic examination, color photographs, optic coherence tomography, fluorescein angiograms and indocyanine green angiogram before photodynamic therapy and 1 week ,1 month after it were used to evaluate the effects of a single treatment of PDT with Visudyne. Results The visual acuity of all the treated eyes at the follow up examination at 1 month after PDT were not reduced. Distinct reduction of fluorescein leakage from CNV was noted in all patients by 1 week after PDT. Fluorescein leakage from a portion of the CNV reappeared by 1 month after treatment in 2 eyes. Conclusion PDT with Visudyne achieved short term cessation of fluorescein leakage from CNV without loss of vision or growth of classic CNV in some patients with AMD.

Objective To study the clinical results and safty of photodynamic therapy (PDT) after single and multi treatments of patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (CNV) caused by wet age related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods From July, 2000 to July, 2001, 20 wet AMD patients (31 eyes) 47 88 years old (mean 68.2 years old) with best corrected visual acuity from FC/10 cm to 0.6 diagnosed through optic coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FFA) and indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) were treated with PDT. All cases were assigned to benzoporphyrin derivative mono acid (BPD) (6 mg per square meter of body surface area), administered via intravenous infusion of 30 ml over 10 minutes. Fifteen minutes after the start of the infusion, a laser light at 689 nm (Zeiss company, German) delivered 50 J/cm 2 at an intensity of 600 mW/cm 2 over 83 seconds on CNV. Visual acuity, photochrome of ocular fundus, OCT, FFA, ICGA were used to evaluate the effects of photodynamic therapy with BPD. Follow up of these patients was planned 1 2 week and every 3 month after PDT. Once the lesion area progressed, PDT was applied again. Tweenty cases (31 eyes) were followed up from 3 to 18 months (average 12 month).In 1 affected eye, PDT was applied fow 4 times, 4 eye for 2 times, and the other 26 eyes for 1 time. Results The visual acuity in 13 (41 9%) eyes was improved ( increase≥2 lines) after PDT. Stabilized (?1 line) in 17 (54 8%) eyes and decreased 2 lines (attributed to the recur of CNV ) in 1 (3 2%) eye. After PDT, the fundus haemorrhage and fluid leakage reduced. FFA and ICGA showed. cessation and obvious reduction of fluorescein leakage from CNV in all patients 2 weeks after photodynamic therapy, and retreatment decreased the leakage step by step. Fluorescein leakage from at least a portion of the CNV reappeared by 1 3 month after treatment in some cases. OCT also showed the reduction of the size of CNV, moreover, the edema of surrounding retina and choriodal and serous neural epithelial detachment recovered obviously. No side affect during and after PDT was noticed. Conclusions PDT with BPD can achieve short term effect on part or total cessation of fluorescein leakage from CNV without loss of vision or growth of classic CNV in patients with age related macular degeneration, retreatment of PDT was also effective.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of the treatment of neodymium-yttrium aluminum garne (Nd:YAG) vitreolysis for the anterior vitreous opacity after implantation of intraocular lens.MethodsForty-nine eyes of 47 patients with the anterior vitreous opacity after implantation of intraocular lens received the slit lamp examination, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and B-scan. The anterior vitreolysis and posterior capsulotomy were performed simultaneously with Nd:YAG laser. The outcomes of visual acuitiy changes and complications were studied. ResultsIn 49 eyes, 46 had anterior vitreous opacity associated with posterior capsule opacification, and the other 3 without obvious posterior capsule opacification. In all patients, the visual acuity improved significantly without any complications after the laser procedure (t=32.50, P=0.007). After Nd:YAG laser treatmen, transparent area was found in anterior opaque vitreous in 21 eyes (42.86%) within 15 minutes, and in 47 eyes (95.92%) within 24 hours. No complication occured in or after the operation. ConclusionsIn the patients with visual deterioration after implantation of intraocular lens, the prescence of anterior vitreous opacity should be concerned. Opening the opaque anterior vitreous with Nd:YAG vitreolysis is effective for the patients with the anterior vitreous opacity after implantation of intraocular lens.

Diabetic neuropathic pain(DNP)is one of the most common complications in clinical, which influenced patients’ daily functions greatly, without clear mechanisms and effective methods.P2X3 receptors play a pivotal role in the formation, transmission and conduction of pain under neuropathic pain models, associated with peripheral sensory nerve excitability enhancement.This paper focuses on the establishment of DNP models, and the effects of P2X3 receptors in diabetes mellitus.

Objective To investigate the effects of low frequency electroacupuncture on the P2X3 receptor expres-sion in dorsal root ganglion ( DRG) of rats with type II diabetic neuropathic pain. Methods Part 1:Fifty normal SD rats were randomly divided into normal group (8 rats) and model group (42 rats). The rat model of type II diabetic neuropathic pain was generated by high fat and high sugar diet with a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin ( STZ, 35 mg/kg) . 2 Hz electroacupuncture was administered at ipsilateral acupoints Zusanli and Kunlun for consecutive 7 days. Insulin sensitivity index ( ISI) was measured at 0 w and 5 w, and fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) was measured at 0 w, 5 w, and 7 w. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was measured by mechanical pain threshold, and P2X3 receptor was determined by immunofluorescence. Part 2:Twelve rats with diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) were divided into EA + vehicle group (6 rats) and EA + αβ?meATP group (6 rats). Rats in the two groups received the same EA treatment as Part 1. Rats in the EA + αβ?meATP group were injected with P2X3 receptor agonistαβ?meATP (0. 6μmol/L, 100μL) into the ventral sur?face of each hind paw every time before EA treatment. Rats in the EA + vehicle group received the same dose of vehicle ( PBS buffer) as a control. Pain threshold of the rats were measured. Results ① Compared with the normal group, the ISI levels of the rats in DNP group was significantly decreased after 5 weeks of the high?fat high?sugar diet (P < 0. 01). Two weeks after STZ injection, the fasting plasma glucose levels in the rats receiving STZ were significantly elevated ( P <0. 01 ) . The type 2 diabetes model was established with a successful rate of 69. 04%. ②PWTs:The PWTs of rats in DNP group were reduced compared with rats in the normal group (P < 0. 01), indicating that the type 2 DNP model was suc?cessfully established. Compared with the PWTs of DNP?controlled rats, the 2 Hz electroacupuncture significantly increased bilateral PWT of rats subjected to DNP from day 3 after treatment (P < 0. 01). P2X3 receptor agonistαβ?meATP greatly reduced bilateral PWT of EA?treated DNP rats compared with that of the EA + vehicle group (P < 0. 01). ③The immu?nofluorescence essay showed that P2X3 receptor expression in bilateral L5 DRGs in the DNP group was significantly in?creased as compared with that in the normal group ( P < 0. 01 ) . The increases were inhibited by 2 Hz EA in L5 DRGs compared with the DNP group (P < 0. 01). Conclusions 2Hz electroacupuncture can effectively treat the type II diabet?ic neuropathic pain by decreasing the expression of L5 DRG P2X3 receptors in rats.

Liver organoids are three-dimensional cellular tissue models in which cells interact to form unique structures in culture. During the past 10 years, liver organoids with various cellular compositions, structural features, and functional properties have been described. Methods to create these advanced human cell models range from simple tissue culture techniques to complex bioengineering approaches. Liver organoid culture platforms have been used in various research fields, from modeling liver diseases to regenerative therapy. This review discusses how liver organoids are used to model disease, including hereditary liver diseases, primary liver cancer, viral hepatitis, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Specifically, we focus on studies that used either of two widely adopted approaches: differentiation from pluripotent stem cells or epithelial organoids cultured from patient tissues. These approaches have enabled the generation of advanced human liver models and, more importantly, the establishment of patient-tailored models for evaluating disease phenotypes and therapeutic responses at the individual level.

Objective To summarize and analyze the clinical outcomes of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) patients receiving primary treatment at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1985 to 2015,and investigate the changes in treatment efficacy between the first and the second 15 years.Methods Clinical data of GTN patient receiving primary chemotherapy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 1985 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.It further compared the therapeutic results and chemotherapy cycles given to GTN patients,according to International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO,2000) prognostic score system,who were classified to different stages and low-or high-risk groups.Results In total,1 711 GTN patients were included in this study.Comparing the 1985-2000 group and the 2001-2015 group,the results showed that:(1) while the overall complete remission (CR) rate was 93.7％ (1 603/1 711),the CR rate of 2001-2015 group was significantly higher than that of 1985-2000 group [98.4％ (1 155/1 174) vs 83.4％ (448/537),x2=139.353,P＜0.01].This difference was significant between stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ patients,but nonexistent between stage Ⅰ and Ⅱ patients,including low-and high-risk groups.(2) The relapse rate of patients who had been in CR was 2.7％ (43/1 603),with no significant differences between the groups of 1985-2001 and 2001-2015 [3.6％ (16/448) vs 2.3％ (27/1 155),x2=6.867,P=0.142].(3) The overall mortality rate was 2.6％ (44/1 711),which significantly decreased in 2001-2015 group compared to 1985-2000 group [1.6％ (19/1 174) vs 4.7％ (25/537),x2=13.830,P＜0.01].This difference appeared only in high-risk patients with stage Ⅲ disease (x2=9.505,P＜0.01).(4) Fluorouracil was gradually replaced by floxridine in chemotherapy regimens.The total cycles of chemotherapy regimens given to low-risk patients with stage Ⅲ disease significantly decreased in 2001-2015 group,but no statistical difference was shown with patients at other stages.Moreover,the cycles of consolidation treatment were significantly reduced in patients with stage Ⅲ patients.Conclusions GTN patients could obtain satisfactory curative results after appropriate and standard treatment.Peking Union Medical College Hospital has achieved better curative effect in the latest 15 years than before.

Icariin,which belongs to the class of flavonoids,is the main active ingredient of the traditional tonic Chinese herb Epimedii Folium.Modern studies have shown that icariin has a wide range of effects on the male reproductive system.It has various pharmacological activities such as regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis,antioxidants,promoting testosterone secretion,improving erectile function,inhibiting prostate cancer cell migration,invasion,and regulating cell cycle.It has research value and application prospects in the field of urology and assisted reproduction.Therefore,Icariin's pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms on the male reproductive system are reviewed in this paper combined with literature visualization analysis.It is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the therapeutic value development and application of icariin in male reproductive health.

Objective:To explore the effects of embodied emotion priming on attentional bias of individuals with depression tendency.Methods:From June to December 2018, a total of 91 college students with depression tendency were recruited to participate in the experiment.A 3(embodied emotion priming: positive priming, negative priming and no priming) × 2 (emotional face: happy and sad) mixed design was adopted to measure the attentional bias of individuals with depression tendency using the dot probe paradigm. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for repeated measurement analysis of variance.Results:In terms of attentional bias, the interaction effect between embodied emotion priming types and emotional faces was significant ( F(2, 88)=5.97, P=0.004, ηp2=0.119). Further simple effect analysis showed that, under the happy-face condition, participants' attentional bias reaction time(△RT) was significantly higher when primed with embodied positive emotion than those primed with embodied negative emotion((14.30±18.23)ms, (-6.53±38.17)ms, P<0.05). The participants' attentional bias △RT was significantly lower when primed with embodied negative emotion than participants with no priming ((-6.53±38.17)ms, (9.16±30.62)ms, P<0.05). Under the sad-face condition, the participants' attentional bias △RT was significantly higher when primed with embodied negative emotion((28.22±35.33)ms) than participants primed with embodied positive emotion((11.71±29.24)ms, P<0.05) and no priming ((7.63±30.60)ms, P<0.05). Conclusion:Embodied emotion priming can affect the attentional bias of individuals with depression tendency.

OBJECTIVE: To compare three sterilizing methods for reusable medical goggles. METHODS: A total of 180 medical goggles of the same brand and same model were randomly divided into three groups. In group A the goggles were first soaked with 2000 mg/L chlorine-containing disinfectant and then cleaned manually; goggles in other two groups were sterilized using pre-programmed automatic spray cleaning and disinfection machine, the disinfection program was set to 90 ℃ for 5 min in group B and 70 ℃ for 30 min in group C. The quality of the sterilization was monitored by visual inspection with luminous magnifying glass and residual protein detection assay. User satisfaction on cleanliness of medical goggles, clarity of mirror surface and suitability of elastic bands was investigated with questionnaire survey. RESULTS: The qualification rates verified by visual inspection were 82.4%, 84.6%and 98.3%in group A, B and C, respectively, the qualification rate in group C was significantly higher than those in group B and group C (all CONCLUSIONS Machinery sterilization set 70 ℃ for 30 min has better cleaning and sterilizing effects for reusable medical goggles.
Eye Protective Devices/standards* ; Sterilization/methods* ; Surveys and Questionnaires