Objective To observe the characteristics of multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) with modern multimodal imaging modalities.Methods This was a retrospective case study.Eleven patients (11 eyes) diagnosed with MEWDS were enrolled.There were 10 females and 1 male,mean age was 27.6 years (range 15-41 years).The period between disease onset and visiting to the hospital was between 2 to 13 days,the average time was 4.7 days.All the patients underwent examinations of best corrected visual acuity,slit-lamp biomicroscope,indirect ophthalmoscope,fundus color photography,fundus autofluorescence (FAF),fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).The mean follow up duration was 3.2 months.The imaging characteristics were compared.Results Fundus color photography showed foveal orange-red granularity in all eyes.FAF showed strong autofluorescence with a vague boundary.FFA showed a variable number of highly fluorescent fine needle-like dots arranged in a ring in the early stage,and fluorescence remained in the late stage.ICGA showed advanced lesions of vague boundary merged into a large plaque of deep retinal hypofluorescence.SD-OCT showed the hyperreflectant material deposit over the retinal pigment epithelium and extending anteriorly through the interdigitation zone,ellipsoid layer,and toward the external limiting membrane.At the site of extrafoveal lesions,SD-OCT revealed the presence of discontinuities or disruptions centered on the ellipsoid zone to include the interdigitation.Conclusions In MEWDS patients,fundus photography showed foveal orange-red granularity;FFA showed early fluorescent dots distributed in a ring pattern;ICGA showed hypofluorescent lesions in the later stage;SD-OCT showed disruption of the interdigitation zone and ellipsoid zone and accumulations of hyperreflective material that was of variable size and shape;FAF showed strong autofluoresce areas that correlated to spots observed with FFA and ICGA.

Objective To determine the pathway of macrophage metalloelastase (MME)generate active angiostatin by decomposing plasminogen and its effect on inhibiting growth of tumor and microvessel density (MVD) in vivo in mouse models. Methods The recombined plasmid pEGFPC1-MME was constructed. Thirty mice were subcutaneously inoculated with CT-26 cells that were stably transfected with pEGFP-C1-MME (MME-transfected group), 30 with CT-26 cells transfected with empty vector pEGFP-C1 (vector-transfected group) and 30 with CT-26 cells (non-transfected group). Radioiodination and radioisotope tracer were used to explore the pathway of angiostatin generation in vivo. Results SDS-PAGE electrophoresis analysis revealed that, in the PAGE gel contained the protein with molecular weights of 35 000 and 38 000, radioactivity in MME-transfected group was significantly higher than vector-transfected and non-transfected groups (P = 0. 00).Western blotting analysis demonstrated two bands containing 35 000 and 38 000 fragments in three groups. Quantification of the protein signals by image analysis revealed that the levels of 35 000 and 38 000 fragments were obviously increased in MME-transfected group (9.32±1.52 and 5.61±2.24,respectively) than those in vector-transfected (2.47 ± 0.23 and 0. 67 ± 0. 12, respectively) and nontransfected (1.21±0. 69 and 0. 86 ± 0.44, respectively) groups (P= 0.00). The average value of MVD and fluorescent express of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were lower in MMEtransfected group when compared with those in vector-transfected and non-transfected groups (P =0.00). The average tumor size in MME-transfected group was small in comparison with vectortransfected and non-transfected groups (P= 0.00). Conclusions MME is demonstrated to be one of matrix metalloproteinase that closely related with angiostatin production and has inhibitory effect on tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice.

Objective To study the correlation between 8-Iosmerie Porastglnadin-2a(8-iso-PGF2α) 、hypersensitive C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) and coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods 153 CHD patients were divided into 3 groups,including 52 cases of acute myocardial infarction(AMI) ,50 cases of unstable angina(UAP) ,51 cases of stable angina(SAP) and control group consisted of 50 healthy people. The levels of hs-CRP and 8-iso-PGF2α were measured. Person correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between the level of hs-CRP and 8-isoPGF2α. Results The levels of hs-CRP and 8-iso-PGF2α were significantly higher in AMI, UAP and SAP group than those in control group(all P ＜0.05). Compared with SAP group,the levels of hs-CRP and 8-iso-PGF2α were increased in AMI and UAP groups (all P ＜ 0. 05) . The level of hs-CRP was positively associated with the level of 8-iso-PGF2α. Conclusion hs-CRP and 8-iso-PGF2α should be the markers of coronary atherosclerosis and involved in the process of CHD. The levels of serum hs-CRP and 8-iso-PGF2α were correlated with the severity of CHD.

Objective To determine the correlation between mouse maerophage metalloelastase (MME)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)expression involved in angiogenesis of colon cancer.Methods A eDNA fragment coding for domainsⅠandⅡof MME was transfected into murine CT-26 colon cancer cells that were MME deficient.The enzymatic activity of recombinant MME was confirmed by cleavage of native substrate in vitro.An orthotopic implantation model was established by using MME-transfected cells and control cells.Tumor samples were subjected to in situ hybridization (ISH)and immunohistochemical staining(IHC)to detect expressions of MME and VEGF.The microvessel counting was used to assess angiogenesis of murine colon tumors.Results It was demon- strated that the tumor growth was significantly inhibited in MME-transfected group compared with pcDNA3.1 transfected and nontransfected groups(P＜0.001).It was also found that,compared with pcDNA3.1-transfected and nontransfected groups,the microvessel formation in MME transfected group was significantly reduced(P＜0.001).The expression of VEGF mRNA and protein was significantly lower in MME-transfected group than those in the controls,as demonstrated by ISH(MME-transfected group versus pcDNAa.1-transfected group,P=0.028;and versus nontransfected group,P=0.003) and by IHC(MME-transfected group versus pcDNA3.1-transfected group,P=0.025;and versus non- transfected group,P=0.008).Conclusions The MME gene transfected into murine colon cancer cells can effectively suppress the growth of orthotopic tumors by inhibition of vaseularity.Both MME and VEGF gene expression is highly associated with the vascularity of tumors,which may depend on a hal- ance between MME and VEGF expression.

Objective:To explore the application value of multi-slice spiral CT combined with carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) in preoperative lymph node staging of rectal cancer.Methods:A retrospective case series study was performed. The clinical data of 90 patients with rectal cancer confirmed by pathology after operation at Haian Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from August 2020 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Multi-slice spiral CT was used to judge the diagnostic consistency between preoperative N stage and pathological N stage. The levels of serum CA125 and AFP in patients with different pathological N stages (N 0 stage, N 1 stage, N 2 stage) were compared. Taking postoperative pathological results as the gold standard, logistic regression was used to analyze the correlation between multi-slice spiral CT, CA125, and AFP with lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of multi-slice spiral CT combined with CA125 and AFP for lymph node metastasis. Results:The pathological staging results showed that there were 44 cases in N 0 stage, 33 cases in N 1 stage, and 13 cases in N 2 stage. Multi-slice spiral CT staging results showed that there were 49 cases in N 0 stage, 26 cases in N 1 stage, and 15 cases in N 2 stage. The consistency between pathological staging and multi-slice spiral CT staging occurred in 34 cases in N 0 stage, 15 cases in N 1 stage and 5 cases in N 2 stage. The serum CA125 level in the pathological N 0, N 1, and N 2 stages groups was (15.8±1.4) U/ml, (38.9±2.4) U/ml, and (85.4±3.3) U/ml, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 5 519.47, P< 0.05). The AFP level was (37.8±2.5) ng/ml, (79.3±4.6) ng/ml, and (168.3±5.9) ng/ml, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( F = 5 583.80, P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that N staging ( OR = 6.231,95% CI: 2.164-17.939, P = 0.001) and AFP ( OR = 1.020, 95% CI: 1.002-1.039, P = 0.032) were independent factors influencing the metastasis of lymph node in rectal cancer patients. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve of AFP, CA125, multi-slice spiral CT, and the combination of the 3 in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis was 0.850, 0.731, 0.745, and 0.912, respectively. Conclusions:Multi-slice spiral CT combined with serum CA125 and AFP has a high value in the diagnosis of preoperative lymph node staging of rectal cancer.

Objective To explore characteristics and significance of the indexes of peripheral white blood cell (WBC) in patient with human brucellosis.Methods People checked by brucellosis physical checkup and routine physical checkup at Qiqihar Center for Disease Control and Prevention from December 2014 to December 2015,including 40 acute brucellosis patients (acute group),35 chronic brucellosis patients (chronic group) and 72 healthy people (control group),were selected.Automatic blood analyzer was used to determine the indexes of WBC,lymphocyte count (LY),lymphocyte percentage (LY％),monocytes count (MONO),monocytes percentage (MONO％),eosinophil count (EO),eosinophil percentage (EO％),basophilic granulocyte count (BASO),basophilic granulocyte percentage (BASO％),neutrophils count (NEUT) and neutrophils percentage (NEUT％).The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of WBC parameters in acute and chronic groups.Results Compared to control group,the levels of WBC,EO,EO％,BASO,BASO％,NEUT and NEUT％ were decreased in acute group [(5.222 0-± 2.551 2) × 109/L vs (6.352 5 ± 1.905 8) × 109/L,(0.030 0 ± 0.006 8) × 109/[,vs (0.083 9 ± 0.039 3) × 109/L,(0.54 ± 0.12)％ vs (2.31 ± 0.14)％,(0.009 0 ± 0.001 1) × 109/L vs (0.019 0 ± 0.002 4) × 109/L,(0.17 ± 0.09)％ vs (0.32 ± 0.20)％,(2.698 7 ± 1.948 4) × 109/L vs (4.012 9 ± 1.579 0) × 109/L,(48.13 ± 14.38)％ vs (62.13 ± 9.00)％,all P ＜ 0.05],and the levels of LY,LY％ and MONO％ were increased in acute group [(2.125 3 ± 0.949 9) × 109/L vs (1.794 4 ± 0.606 6) × 109/L,(43.37 ± 14.52)％ vs (29.10 ± 7.97)％,(7.84 ± 2.23)％ vs (6.55 ± 2.04)％,all P ＜ 0.05].Compared to control group,the level of NEUT％ [(54.63 ± 9.26)％] was decreased in chronic group (P ＜ 0.05),and the levels of LY,LY％ and EO [(2.212 0 ± 0.633 2) × 109/L,(36.41 ± 8.51)％,(0.153 9 ± 0.028 8) × 109/L] were increased in chronic group (all P ＜ 0.05).The levels of LY％ and MONO％ [(6.45 ± 1.58)％] in chronic group were lower than those in acute group (all P ＜ 0.05),and the levels of WBC [(6.175 7 ± 1.469 5) × 109/L],EO,EO％ [(2.32 ± 1.21)％],BASO [(0.021 8 ± 0.001 9) × 109/L],BASO％ [(0.37 ± 0.21)％] and NEUT％ were higher than those in acute group (all P ＜ 0.05).The areas under ROC curve (AUCs) of LY and MONO in acute group were 0.681 and 0.529,they were in 0.5-0.7,and the diagnostic value was low;the AUCs of EO,EO％,LY％,NEUT％,NEUT,BASO,BASO％,MONO％ and WBC in acute group were 0.816,0.816,0.806,0.790,0.766,0.760, 0.721,0.715 and 0.710,they were in ＞ 0.7-0.9,and the diagnostic value was medium.The AUCs of LY,NEUT,BASO,EO,BASO％,EO％,MONO％,MONO and WBC in chronic group were 0.693,0.617,0.586,0.584,0.581,0.541,0.500,0.513 and 0.510,they were in 0.5-0.7,and the diagnostic value was low;the AUCs of LY％ and NEUT％ in chronic group were 0.725 and 0.717,they were in ＞ 0.7-0.9,and the diagnostic value was medium.Conclusion The indexes of peripheral WBC in patient with acute and chronic human brucellosis are changed abnormally,which has a certain reference value in diagnosis of human brucellosis.

Objective To explore the effects of different doses of sodium fluoride (NaF) on cartilage lesion and expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum and cartilage tissue of Balb/c mice.Methods Sixty-four 5-week-old male Balb/c mice were divided into 4 groups based on body weight via the random number table method and 16 mice were in each group.The mice in control group were fed with distilled water,and experimental animals in low,middle and high fluoride groups were fed with distilled water containing NaF 25,50 and 100 mg/L,respectively.The mice were weighed once a week and fed for three months to establish the drinking water fluorosis model.The fluoride contents in spine were detected via the fluorin-ion selective electrode method.The pathological changes in articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate cartilage were observed through optical microscope.The levels of serum IL-6 and souble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) were detected via the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The expression of IL-6 protein in articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate cartilage was examined by immunohistochemistry.Results From the sixth week of the experiment,compared with other 3 groups,the body weight of high fluoride group decreased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05);from the seventh week,compared with control and low fluoride groups,the body weight of middle fluoride group decreased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05);throughout the experiment,compared with control group,the body weight of low fluoride group had not changed significantly (all P ＞ 0.05).The fluoride contents of bone in control group,low fluoride group,middle fluoride group and high fluoride group were (842.46 ± 89.27),(1 705.05 ± 105.76),(2 614.17 ± 156.10) and (3 444.58 ± 233.69) mg/kg,respectively.The differences between groups were statistically significant (F =309.716,P ＜ 0.05),and fluoride contents of bone increased with increase of fluoride doses (all P ＜ 0.05).Under optical microscope,the cartilage tissue of control group was normal,while articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate cartilage showed different degrees of cartilage ossification in fluorosis mice and the changes increased with the increase of fluoride doses.The levels of serum IL-6 in control group,low fluoride group,middle fluoride group and high fluoride group were (5.98 ± 1.43),(7.54 ± 2.16),(5.25 ± 1.97) and (6.31 ±-1.36) ng/L,respectively.The differences between groups were statistically significant (F =3.840,P ＜ 0.05),low fluoride group was significantly higher than control group (P ＜ 0.05),and middle fluoride group was significantly lower than low fluoride group (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of serum slL-6R in control group,low fluoride group,middle fluoride group and high fluoride group were (0.83 ± 0.20),(0.93 ± 0.23),(0.82 ±0.27) and (0.92 ± 0.28) μg/L,respectively.The differences between groups were not statistically significant (F =0.738,P ＞ 0.05).Immunohistochemical results showed that articular cartilage full-layer cells in each group expressed IL-6 protein especially in the middle layer of chondrocytes,while IL-6 protein only expressed in hypertrophic chondrocytes of epiphyseal plate cartilage.Comparing with other groups,IL-6 positive cells were the most and had the deepest staining in low fluoride group.Conclusions Different doses of NaF could not only cause cartilage lesion,but also change the expression of IL-6 in serum and cartilage tissue of Balb/c mice.The results indicate that IL-6 may be involved in the cartilage lesion caused by fluoride.

Objective　To explore the effect of Mp1p on host macrophages through transcriptomics combined with metabolomics. Methods Firstly, a THP-1 macrophage strain (THP-1-Mp1p+) stably expressing Mp1p was constructed using lentivirus. Secondly, using high-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA Seq) technology, the expression level of intracellular mRNA was detected in transcriptomics analysis to determine differentially expressed genes; In metabolomics analysis, metabolite identification was performed through database comparison, and pathway analysis was performed on differential metabolites to reveal potential mechanisms of action. Finally, the results of metabolomics and transcriptomics were combined for analysis, and differential metabolites and genes were analyzed to further elucidate the mechanism of action of Mp1p on macrophages. Results Transcriptome analysis showed that, compared with the negative control group, the THP-1-Mp1p+ group had a total of 1 180 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 345 upregulated genes and 835 downregulated genes. GO enrichment analysis of DEGs showed that there were 135 differentially expressed genes, including 105 in biological processes (BP), 28 in cellular components (CC), and 2 in molecular functions (MF). The KEGG analysis results showed that the effect of Mp1p on THP-1 macrophages was highly correlated with the TNF pathway. The metabolomic analysis found that both the blank control group and the THP-1-Mp1p+ macrophage group achieved good separation between QC samples in both positive and negative ion modes. The threshold for significant differential metabolites was set at: VIP≥1 and T-test P<0.05, resulting in the identification of 488 differential metabolites, with 230 in the positive ion mode and 258 in the negative ion mode. Pathway enrichment analysis of the identified metabolites pointed to significant enrichment in metabolic pathways. The combined analysis confirmed that the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, and NF-kappaB signaling pathway were important metabolic pathways involved. Conclusions The virulence factor Mp1p may affect host macrophages by modulating the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, interleukin-17 signaling pathway, and NF-kappaB signaling pathway. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms of action of Mp1p and may offer potential directions for the selection of relevant diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the future.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of different cytopathological grading standards on the efficiency of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. MethodsRelated clinical data and pancreatic cytopathological results were collected from 256 patients with pancreatic space-occupying lesions who underwent EUS-FNA in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from May 2011 to March 2019, and the influencing factors for the diagnostic efficiency of EUS-FNA were analyzed based on surgical pathology and follow-up results. The independent samples t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups, and the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the value of different cytopathological grading standards in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. ResultsA total of 67 patients who were lost to follow-up were excluded, and a total of 189 patients were included in the study. According to the Papanicolaou cytopathological standard, there were 47 cases of heterotypic cells, 25 cases of suspected cancer cells, 20 cases of cancer cells, and 97 cases without tumor cells based on EUS-FNA. A total of 133 patients were confirmed to have pancreatic cancer by postoperative pathology and follow-up results, among whom 52 had no tumor cells, 36 had heterotypic cells, 25 had suspected cancer cells, and 20 had cancer cells based on cytopathological results. EUS-FNA had a true positive rate of 6090% (81 patients) and a false negative rate of 39.10% (52 patients) in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer; for the 56 patients without pancreatic cancer, EUS-FNA had a false positive rate of 19.64% (11 patients) and a true negative rate of 80.36% (45 patients). EUS-FNA had an area under the ROC curve of 0.643 (95% confidence interval: 0.561-0.724) in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer. In combination with different cytopathological grading standards and with the diagnostic criteria of “the identification of heterotypic cells or suspected cancer cells or cancer cells was considered positive”, “the identification of suspected cancer cells or cancer cells was considered positive”, and “the identification of cancer cells was considered positive”, the results showed that the diagnostic criteria of “the identification of heterotypic cells or suspected cancer cells or cancer cells was considered positive” improved the efficiency of EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, with a sensitivity of 50.38% and a specificity of 75.00%. Among the 189 patients, 13 (6.88%) experienced complications after EUS-FNA, which included hyperamylasemia and abdominal pain. ConclusionThe combination of different cytopathological grading standards can help improve the efficiency of EUS-FNA in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of fluoride on trabecular bone of the tibia and lumbar in BALB/c mice.Methods Totally 64 four-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 4 groups by weight,16 per group:control group (treated with distilled water) and 3 sodium fluoride (NaF) exposure groups (treated with NaF at 25,50 and 100 mg/L F-),respectively.At 12 weeks,mice were killed and blood,two hind limbs and lumbar were collected.Bone fluoride content and incidence rates of dental fluorosis were determined.Serum content of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) were detected by micro enzyme labeled method.The ultrastructure of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in lumbar were observed via transmission electron microscope.The pathological changes of the trabecular bone of the tibia and the lumbar were observed under optical microscope,the percentage of trabecular area (％Tb.Ar) was measured with Image-Pro Plus (IPP) software.Results Bone fluoride contents of low,middle and high fluoride groups [(1 828.62 ± 102.93),(3 308.27 ± 185.63),(4 933.36 ± 301.16) mg/kg] were higher than that of the control group [(775.23 ± 92.56) mg/kg,all P ＜ 0.05].The incidences of dental fluorosis in the 4 groups were 0(0/16),47％(7/15),93％(14/15) and 100％(16/16),respectively;the difference was statistically significant (x2 =27.23,P ＜ 0.05).In middle and high fluoride groups,serum AKP [(18.30 ± 1.99),(24.50 ± 3.14) king unit/100 ml] and ACP [(11.97 ± 1.73),(11.31 ± 1.46) king unit/100 ml] were significantly higher than those of control [(14.63 ± 1.21),(9.07 ± 1.47) king unit/100 ml,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05].Under the electron microscope,osteoblast had developed organelles in each fluoride group,rough endoplasmic reticulum,Golgi body,and mitochondria were abundant,and nucleolus was obvious in the osteoblast.Osteoclast was rich in mitochondria,ruffled border clear and distributed phagocytic vacuoles in low fluoride group and middle fluoride group.Compared with the control group (17.03 ± 3.73),HE staining of tibia ％Tb.Ar in high fluoride group (28.79 ± 8.26) was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).The lumbar spine ％Tb.Ar in low,middle and high fluoride groups (15.87 ± 2.59,18.28 ± 0.89,21.99 ± 1.81) were higher than that of the control group (12.06 ± 1.76,all P ＜ 0.05].Conclusions BALB/c mice could be used as a model of skeletal fluorosis.Osteoblast and osteoclast are activated in BALB/c mice with skeletal fluorosis.Bone formation is more obvious than bone resorption and bone mass is increased.What is more,bone mass has increased more significantly in the lumbar spine of mice.