The molecular weight of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 is the largest in MMP family which comes mainly from macrophage and neutrophil.MMP-9 is considered to be involved in the occurrence and metastasis of colorectal cancer.It also provides a new way for colorectal cancer in clinical prevention and treatment.

Thinning and atrophy of sclerotic tissues play an important role in the development of high myopia. High myopic eyes had the thickest sclera at the posterior pole and the thinnest sclera at the equator. Most clinical studies found that scleral thickness was negatively correlative with the axial length. Patients complicated with posterior staphyloma had even thinner sclera, and its height was negatively related with the scleral thickness. At present, the main measurement methods for scleral thickness of high myopic eyes include histological measurement, enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (OCT), and swept-source OCT. Following the development of OCT technique, it gradually becomes feasible to carry out studies on sclera thickness in mildly and moderately myopic populations, which is helpful to illuminate the mechanism of action of sclera on the onset and progression of high myopia.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the drug use of sample hospitals,and to provide reference for drug production,man-agement and service department. METHODS:Statistical analysis was conducted in the data of drug use in national 1 248 sample hos-pitals during 4th quarter of 2012-3rd quarter of 2013. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Anti-infection medicine,Chinese patent medi-cine,nervous system drugs has being ranked the top 3 in the list of consumption sum,and that of various drugs is in an upward trend. Top 20 drugs in the list of consumption sum mainly are biological products,drugs for the nervous system,digestive system drugs;that of human albumin and deproteinized calf serum have increased greatly. Top 10 imported pharmaceutical enterprises or joint ventures in the list of consumption sum mainly are multinational enterprises,and they are stable in ranking. The development of pharmaceutical enterprises should focus on brand,quality,price and service,etc.,so that their competitiveness can be improved.

Anthrax is a fulminating infectious disease .Bacillus anthracis, as the pathogen of anthrax , is a potential ma-terial for biological warfare agents and biological terrors .Immunoprophylaxis and specific theraphies play key roles in cop-ing with anthrax threats.Researches on the mechanism of B.anthracis infection, especially the process of infection , can fa-cilitate the development of novel drugs for anthrax prevention and therapy .Herein, by reviewing research progress , the in-fection process of B.anthracis is introduced and the potential mechanism of anthrax infection is described .Furthermore, the relationship between researches on anthrax infection mechanisms and the development of drugs for anthrax prevention and therapy is also discussed .

Objective To study the effect of topical application of tranexamic acid(TXA)in total hip arthroplasty(THA).Methods A total of 63 patients with unilateral THA were enrolled in this study from November 2014 to March 2016.All patients were randomly divided into group A(n=37)and group B(n=26).Group A was injected with 2.0 g TXA(dissolved in 10 mL saline)in the joint cavity tube after the end of the surgical dressing.Group B injected the same amount of saline.The hemoglobin,hematocrit,postoperative blood loss,blood transfusion,blood transfusion and replacement of 24,48,72 h after the replacement,24,48 and 72 h after fibrinogen,prothrombin time and activation of part of the thromboplastin time,lower extremity deep vein ultrasound between the two groups were compared.Results The hemoglobin,hematocrit,postoperative blood loss,blood transfusion and blood transfusion were significantly better in group A than those in group B at 24,48 and 72 h after replacement(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in fibrinogen,prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time between the two groups before and after replacement for 24,48,72 h(P>0.05).Conclusion The local application of TXA group can significantly reduce the THA perioperative blood loss without the increase of the risk of deep vein thrombosis.

The RD-1 locus has been considered crucial in the pathogenesis of M.tuberculosis, the RD-1 locus is 9.5 kb and spanning open reading frames Rv3871 to Rv3879c encoding 9 different proteins separately.The RD-1 locus is missing in all bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) strains, and is one of the key virulence factor in M.tuberculosis.The RD-1 locus participates in a new secreting system named ESX-1, which can facilitate the secretion of some special proteins.The two important proteins encoded by the RD-1 locus named CFP-10 and ESAT-6 can form a tight 1∶1 complex, and has been shown to be coordinately secreted and lead to a strong T cell response, which suggests that these two proteins may act as ideal target antigens in diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis(TB).

[Objective]To discuss the analgesic effects of Radix Curcuma extracts on mice.[Method]The writhing tests were adopted to observe the mice writhing times.[Results]The Radix Curcuma extracts middle-dose group can obviously inhibit the mice average writhing times,with statistically significant differences in comparison to contral group,P

Recently the research of vaccines and drugs against anthrax is one of hot spots. The efficacy of anthrax vaccines and drugs can't be experimented in human, therefore the testing model is very important. The cell models mainly include CHO and J774A.1. Now, various kinds of animals including mice, rats, rabbits, and nonhuman primates were experimented as animal models. Because the models are different, the results of experiments are significantly different, sometimes they are contrary. Many experiments of Bacillus anthracis in different cell and animal models are reviewed, and the principles of choosing animal models of anthrax are discussed. In order to analyze the different results of experiments in different models, the pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis and the researching progress of anthrax vaccines and drugs are also simply introduced .

It is important to put the professional quality training into the course of specialties in higher vocational education of the Rehabilitation Therapy, including the thinking mode of rehabilitation medicine, team working, communication, and personality of love, patience and responsibility and so on.

Objective To explore the regulation of PI3K-mTOR signaling pathways on autophagy of hippocampus nerve cells after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)in rats.Methods We randomly divided 72 male Sprague-Dawley rats into sham group,SAH model group and LY294002 group with 24 rats in each group.We established SAH model with the secondary injection of blood method while the sham group was not injected with blood.PI3K signaling pathways specific inhibitor LY294002 was injected with 500μmol per rat 30 minutes before modeling.After 6,24,72 and 144 h morphologic changes of hippocampus CA1 neural cells were observed by microscopy;the expression levels of PI3K,mTOR,Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ were detected by immunohistochemical method.Results The density of survival neurons in the SAH group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05),PI3K-mTOR signaling pathways were activated obviously,and the expressions of Beclin 1 and LC3-Ⅱ were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05 ).The number of survival neurons significantly decreased in the LY294002 group compared with the SAH group at each time point (P<0.05),PI3K-mTOR signaling pathways were suppressed.The expressions of Beclin-1 and LC3-Ⅱ were significantly lower than those in the SAH group (P<0.05).Conclusion PI3K-mTOR signaling pathways protect neurons by activating the autophagy of neurons after SAH.