Xenotransplantation can probably overcome the critical shortage of human organ donors for clinical transplantation.Recently,research progresses in the biology of xenograft rejection and zoonotic infections,and the generation of α1,3-galactosyltransferase-deficient pigs have moved this approach closer to clinical application,but immunological rejection is also the primary barrier in the study of xenotransplantation.This review sumarries the research progress of immunological rejection of xenotransplantation,providing some advices for the future of clinical xenotransplantation.

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a common pathological state. Cognitive impairment is its main manifestation in early stage, and it will eventually result in persistent or progressive cognitive impairment and neurological deficits. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion caused neuronal damage, synapse abnormity, energy impairment and the function defects of central cholinergic system and monoaminergic system are its pathophysiological mechanisms resulting in cognitive impairment.

The shortage of organs and cells from the donors continues to restrict allotransplantation.To carry out the xenotransplantation of pig as the donor is a very important method to alleviate the problem.At present,the organs of pigs (such as islet cells,neurons,liver ceils and cornea) have been initially used in clinical practice.However,significant barriers to be overcome before pig organ xenotransplantation can become a clinical therapy because of the immune and physiological disorders.With pigs that express one or more human thromboregulatory or anti-inflammatory genes being developed,the research of the xenotransplantation has made significant progress,the survival time is logner,at the same time,risk of cross-infection between species is smaller.However,immune rejection and physiological obstacles still prevent organ xenotransplantation from clinical application.This review will draw attention to the latest progress of the xenotransplantation,and provide some references for researchers.

Objective Summarize the information of 135 killing familiar cases and study the characteristics of these cases, in order to analysis the key points of the case investigation. Methods Collected the data of the 135 killing familiar homicides cases which have solved and happened in a province middle of China from 2011 to 2013. The paper analyzed the data accordding the basic information, the forensic professional, the forensic scene and so on. Results Most killing familiar cases occured between husband and wife or parents and children. The cases frequently occur in rural areas. Most of the cases occur between the adults. The killing familiar cases commonly occur in Decemember, January, Feburary, the cases commonly occur in evening(from 6 pm to 6 am). The motivate of the cases is unobvious, the murder suffer from the mental patient is commonly. In these cases, mostly tools of crime is the blunt tools and the sharp tools. Mechanical asphyxia and mechanical iniury were the most commonly causes of death in these cases. Conclusion The social characteristics of suspect, injury tool, cause of death, time of the incident in the killing familiar case showed similar general characteristics, but how collect evidence in the case is the difficulty of the case investigation.

Objective To establish high performance liquid chromatograph ( HPLC ) fingerprint of liqi xiaoying tablets,and to provide reference for quality control of the herbal medication. Methods The chromatography conditions consisted of Aichrom Bond-AQ C18(250 mmí4. 6 mm,5 μm) column with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0. 1% phosphoric acid ( gradient elution) , column temperature of 30 ℃, flow rate of 1 mL · min-1 , injection volume of 20 μL, and UV detection wavelength of 226 nm. Results HPLC fingerprint was established with 13 common peaks,4 of which were identified. The similarity of the HPLC fingerprints of liqi xiaoying tablets from 10 batches was greater than 0. 95. Conclusion The method is accurate, reliable, and can reflect complete information for the quality of liqi xiaoying tablets.

Objective To evaluate the treatment of current status and prognosis in childhood APL with APL2008 ,which was administrated since 2008 in our center .Methods A total of 43 children with newly diagnosed APL between 2008 to 2014 were studied retrospectively .Treatment options and current status were summarized from 28 patients who received APL2008 therapy . Results Studied 43 patients were at median age of 8 years and 4 months ,with 28 boys and 15 girls .The main clinical manifestations were infection ,anemia ,bleeding ,fever ,hepatomegaly ,splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy .The proportions of low ,intermediate and high risk groups were 27 .9% ,48 .8% and 23 .3% ,respectively .Eleven cases could be diagnosed as DIC .Bone marrow morphology showed abnormal elevation of promyelocyte .37 patients had distinctive immunophenotype such as frequent expression of CD33 , CD117 and MPO .PML/RARαfusion gene positive rate was 100% in 43 children and cytogenetic analysis were positive in 37 cases , of which specific genetic lesion in APL cells with t (15 ;17)(q22 ;q12) was found in 28 cases ,and karyotypes was found in 9 cases as infrequent chromosomal abnormalities .In 43 patients ,4 cases were early dead from intracranial hemorrhage at early stage ,and 11 cases were given up early .There were only 2 cases dead ,2 cases relapsed and 1 case lost among 28 APL children ,which enabled ef‐ficacy analysis possible .96 .4% of these 28 cases achieved HCR .The 2 year Kaplan Meier estimates of OS and EFS were 85 .9% ± 7 .6% and 80 .4% ± 8 .8% .But OS and EFS would be 94 .7% ± 5 .1% and 88 .9% ± 7 .4% if 3 patients who had non standard treat‐ment were excluded .Conclusion Childhood APL were characterized by anemia ,bleeding ,fever and infiltration .APL′s coincidence rate between PML/RARa fusion gene and morphology ,immunology and cytogenetics were 95 .3% ,90 .2% and 86 .5% ,respective‐ly .APL2008 significantly improved the prognosis of APL .

The study is aimed to investigate the effect of lamivudine on growth and metabolism of three intestinal characteristic bacteria (namely, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae). The growth condition of the three bacteria was quantitatively evaluated by microcalorimetry with four characteristic parameters of the thermal power-time curves, including the growth rate constant (k), thermal power (p), time to peak (t) and calorific value (Q). The results showed that the IC50 value of lamivudine on B. adolescentis was 200 microg x mL(-1), and the IC50 values of lamivudine on S. dysenteriae and E. coli were higher than 3 000 microg x mL(-1) and 6 000 microg x mL(1), respectively. Therefore, lamivudine made different inhibitory effects on the three bacteria, in which the B. adolescentis was most susceptible to lamivudine. This work showed that taking lamivudine chronically is likely to affect the balance of good flora in the intestinal tract, and might increase endotoxin release, leading to inflammation and disease progression in hepatopathy.

Objective By analyzing the mortality of patients with hypertension and cerebral infarction in different blood lipid stratification,the significance of blood lipid stratification management in the treatment of hypertension was clarified.Methods 604 patients with hypertension combined with cerebral infarction were divided into middle risk group (198 cases),high risk group (n=198) and extremely high risk group (n=208) and each group of different stratification according to the serum lipid HCY level,divided into H type hypertension group (HCY=10 μmol/L) and hypertension group ((HCY＜10 μmol/L group) and comparison of the 10 year mortality in each group.Results Comparison of mortality between H type hypertension group and simple hypertension group,among them,the difference between the two groups in middle risk group was statistically significant (x2 =5.095,P =0.024 205).The difference between the two groups in extremely high risk group was statistically significant (x2 =7.859,P=0.005 056).The difference between the two groups in high risk group was statistically significant (x2 =9.961,P=0.001 599).There was a significant difference in mortality between the groups with different blood lipids in simple hypertension group.Among the high-risk group and the middle risk group,the difference was statistically significant (x2=6.575,P=0.010 343),and there was significant difference between high risk group and high risk group (x2 =6.868,P=0.008 774).Comparison of mortality between different lipid levels in H type hypertension group,the difference was statistically significant.There was significant difference between the extremely high risk group and the high risk group (x2 =4.745,P=0.029 388) and there was significant difference between the high risk group and the middle risk group (x2 =11.668,P=0.000 636).Conclusion Hyperlipidemia,especially high LDL and high HCY are the main causes of death in patients with hypertension complicated with cerebral infarction,the clinical use of blood lipid levels can reduce the level of LDL and reduce the mortality of patients by strengthening the control of HCY level.Improve the survival rate of patients.

Objective To explore the effect of parvovirus B19 (VB19) infection on pediatric leukemia patients. Methods The pediatric leukemia patients were enrolled in the study in the Children's Hospital of Soochow University. Expression levels of VB19-DNA-PCR were detected using the polymerase chain reaction. Positive patients would be monitored and treated by conventional treatment as well until VB19 gene became negative. The data was compared according to the VB19 clearance time, clinical symptoms and blood counts to evaluate the effect. Results In the 3009 samples from 824 pediatric leukemia patients, there were 36 samples (1.2%) from 12 cases (1.5%) of pediatric leukemia paients with positive VB19 infection. Among the positive patients, 11 cases (1.9%) were from 582 with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients and 1 (0.45%) was from 212 with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). According to the treatment stage, 3 cases were in initially diagnosed period, 2 cases in early stage of consolidation chemotherapy, 4 cases in delayed enhanced chemotherapy period, and 3 cases in maintenance chemotherapy period. According to the treatment response, 4 cases were in continuous treatment, 2 cases were sensitive to treatment, and 3 cases were drug resistant. In the drug resistance group, 2 cases developed into the pure red cell aplastic anemia (PRCA). After treatment, one was recovered from PRCA with VB19 cleared, the other one remained PRCA with continuously positive VB19. Conclusions More VB19 virus infection in pediatric ALL happened in delayed enhanced chemotherapy period. The persistent presence of VB19 infection on pediatric leukemia patients is closely related with PRCA.

Objective To investigate the differences of various two-stent techniques in vitro and virtual bench testing. Methods Stent implantation with classic crush, double kissing ( DK) crush and culotte stenting techniques were performed in the silicone simulation model of bifurcation vessels with various distal bifurcation angles. The whole processes were recorded by a micro-focus camera. Results Distal side branch (SB) re-crossing in classical crush technique left a significant gap without stent coverage near the carina in T type bifurcation model after final kissing balloon inflation (FKBI) . The gap was also noted in either classic crush with proximal SB re-crossing or DK crush with two times proximal SB re-crossing in T type bifurcation model. The size of the gap in DK crush technique was smaller than that of classic crush. In Y type bifurcation model, both DK crush and culotte stenting left no gap compared to T type bifurcation model. Two times proximal SB re-crossing in culotte stenting resulted in a new stent carina formation after FKBI. Conclusions Distal bifurcation angle was an anatomatic predictor of gap formation in two-stent technique. In T type bifurcation model, the size of gap in DK crush technique was smaller than that of classic crush. It was suggested to perform two times proximal SB re-crossing for DK crush technique and distal SB re-crossing for culotte stenting.