BACKGROUND: It is confirmed that panel reactive antibody (PRA) and its immune level is closely related to rejection activation, renal survival rate and the realization of the renal function. Study addressing the relation PRA level and acute rejection has great clinical significance for forecasting acute rejection and improving the renal survival rate.OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relation of PRA and acute rejection prior to and after transplantation by detecting PRA level combined with patient rejection.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Retrospectively case analysis was performed at the Affiliated Beijing Friendship Hospital of Capital University of Medical Sciences from September 1998 to May 2005.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 633 patients receiving renal transplantation were collected, including 348 males and 285 females, aged 16-67 years.METHODS: Company Lymphocyte Tray produced by One Lambda and Biotest were used for this study, serum PRA level was detected prior to and within 2 months after transplantation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pre- and post-transplant PRA level and clinical rejection.RESULTS: Totally 591 patients were PRA negative in pre-transplant assay, and 164 patients were positive, 10.32% (61/591) patients occurred acute rejection; 42 patients were PRA positive in pre-transplant assay, and 71.42% (30/42) patients occurred acute rejection. The difference between PRA negative or positive and acute rejection had significance (P < 0.001). 427 patients were PRA negative in both pre- and post- transplant assay, 5.6% (24/427) patients occurred acute rejection. 164 patients were PRA negative in pre-transplant assay, but positive in post-transplant, 42.7% (70/164) patients occurred acute rejection. The comparison of PRA negative pre-transplant and PRA positive post-transplant combined with acute rejection had difference (P < 0.001). The correlation coefficient of pre-transplant PRA and acute rejection was 0.612, which was 0.658 between post-transplant PRA and acute rejection, there was obvious association when P=0.01.CONCLUSION: PRA plays an important role in forecasting renal rejection. The acute rejection probability is higher in patients with positive PRA; in other hand, the probability is lower in patients with negative PRA.

Objective To study the correlation between transplanted kidney dysfunction and oc-currence of the panel reactive antibody ( PRA, also referred as anti-HLA antibody ) and anti-Major-Histo-compatibility-Complex class Ⅰrelated chain A (MICA) antibody.Methods The tests for detecting PRA and anti-MICA antibody were performed on 679 renal transplant patients from December , 2009 to June, 2010 who received transplantation before 2008 in Beijing Friendship Hospital .Enzyme-Linked Immunosor-bent Assay ( ELISA) was used to detect anti-HLA antibody using LAT-1240 ( OneLambda Inc .) .MICA Ab-Scan Kit was adopted to detect anti-MICA antibody .Continuous observation of graft function was conducted . Results 108 out of 679 patients showed anti-HLA antibody and/or anti-MICA antibody positive results . Among them, 81 patients were positive only for anti-HLA antibody, 18 patients were positive only for anti-MICA antibody and other 9 patients showed anti-HLA and anti-MICA antibodies double positive .Among all of the kidney transplant patients with a failed or decreased renal function , 71 patients were positive for anti-HLA antibody;16 patients were positive for anti-MICA antibody;and other 9 patients were positive for both anti-HLA and anti-MICA antibodies .The results demonstrated that anti-HLA and anti-MICA antibodies af-fected the renal functions in patient with renal transplantation (χ2 =353.92, P <0.001).Conclusion Anti-HLA and MICA antibodies showed significant positive correlations with chronic allograft failure in the patients with renal transplantation .

Objective To compare the differences of cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal atrophy among patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and healthy controls and probe into the relativity of cognitive dysfunction with hippocampal atrophy after temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods Forty-nine TLE cases and 20 healthy individuals were randomly selected. The WAMS-R and WAIS-R scales were adopted to assess the memory and intelligence of all the subjects. Hippocampal volumes were measured by semiautomatic measurement on the head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The degree of hippocampal atrophy (DHA) and asymmetry index (AsI) were caculated by adjusting hippocampal volumes and ratio of difference of two lateral hippocampal volumes. Results Compared with the healthy controls, not only did the TLE patients exhibit more memory deficits (83.2±21.0,t=-3.365 ,P=0.001 ), but also more fullscale intelligence (91.0±12.3, t=- 4.291, P=0.000). The bilateral hippocampi of all TLE patients significantly decreased in volume ( P=0.000 ) and increased in AsI ( t=3.975, P=0.000 ). The MQ of TLE patients was significantly negatively related to the duration of the illness ( r=-0.339, P=0.017 ). The bilateral DHA and the hippocampal AsI were negatively related to Z scores (left: r=-0.297, P= 0.038, right: r=-0.305, P=0.033, AsI: r=-0.441, P=0.002), repectively. Conclusions The more the DHA and asymmetry of bilateral hippocampi, the worse the cognitive dysfunction. The quantitative measurements of hippocampal volume could be used as a clinically effective factor for evaluating the decrease of the intelligence of TLE patients.

Objective To investigate the influences of HLA mismatching on renal function in the kidney transplant patients re-ceiving pairs of allograft from the same donor.Methods 171 pairs of renal transplant patients receiving the kidneys from the same donors were investigated.They were admitted in our hospital before 2008.Their human leukocyte antigens (HLA)were typed with the commercial polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequence-specific primers (SSP)HLA typing kit (One Lambda,Inc.,USA;and GTI Diagnostics,USA).The serum creatinine (SCr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)were measured in the clinical laboratory of our hospital.Results Among 171 pairs of renal transplant patients,there were 162 recipients with HLA mismatch≤4,in which the re-nal function was remained stable in 107 recipients and lost or decreased in 55 patients.There were 180 recipients with HLA mis-match >4,in which the renal function was stayed normal in 84 recipients and lost or decreased in 96 patients.The difference in in-fluencing the renal function between the HLA mismatch≤4 and HLA mismatch>4 had statistical significance (χ2 =12.22,P <0.05).Conclusion Excellent HLA typing match has important significance for renal long term survival.

Object To explore, on the whole, the anticancer activity and mechanism of the aqueous extract of Ruixiang Langdu (Stellera chamaejasme L.) (SCLA). Methods Mice were given different i.g. doses of SCLA and their serum collected at different intervals after drug administration. The effects of the serum on the proliferation of mouse L 1210 leukemic cells were observed with MTT assay, clone formation and incorporation of [ 3H] TdR into DNA of the cells. Results Serum SCLA collected 1, 2, 4, 8 h after administration of 3, 6, and 12 g/kg SCLA showed significant decrease of MTT formazans and clone formation. Serum SCLA collected 2 h after drug administration showed more strong inhibition of cancer cell proliferation. It also inhibited the incorporation of [ 3H] TdR into DNA of L 1210 cells. Conclusion SCLA showed a remarkable inhibitory effect on proliferation and DNA synthesis of cancer cells cultured in vitro, which may be the main anticancer mechanisms of SCLA.

OBJECTIVE:To develop a method for separating the cefuroxime enantiomers by capillary zone electrophoresis(CZE).METHODS:Melting capillary column(570mm?75?m)was used with0.04mmol/L hydroxypropyl-?-cyclodextrin and37.5mmol/L NaH 2 PO 4 as buffer solution(pH=6.0).The operation voltage was15kV;temperature was25℃;detecting wavelength was280nm and pressure injection was performed at5kPa for6seconds.RESULTS:The total time for separation and determination was within10min.The recovery was90%～106%.CONCLUSION:This method is simple and rapid,and can be used to determine the content of cefuroxime enantiomers in cefuroxime powder for injection.

Objective To study the role of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in diagnosing and treating iatrogenic bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC).Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 45 patients with iatrogenic bile duct injury after LC who were investigated and treated by ERCP from December 2002 to August 2015.Results Using the StrasbergBismuth classification,there were 14 patients with type A and 4 with type C who were managed successfully using endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) and interventional ultrasound abdominal localized puncture and drainage ; 7 patients with type D were managed successfully using endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD).For the 5 patients with type E Ⅰ and 3 patients with type E Ⅱ who were treated by EST and ERBD,one patient who had common bile duct transection required cholangioenteric Roux-en-Y anastomosis.For the 6 patients with type E Ⅲ and 6 patients with type EⅣ who were treated by EST and ERBD,a patient required a cholangioenteric Roux-en-Y anastomosis to achieve good results.Conclusions When iatrogenic bile duct injury is suspected after LC,correct assessment with ERCP should be taken immediately.ERCP when combined with ENBD and (or) ERBD could reduce bile duct pressure and dilate stenotic bile ducts to avoid further operation.

OBJECTIVE:To study the antitumor mechanism of Ruixiang Langdu(Stellera chamaejasme L ) abstracts(SCA) METHODS:SCA-contained serum was derived from mice pre-administrated with different oral dosages of SCA and at different times after administration The effects of the serum on the proliferation of K562 leukemic cells were observed with MTT assay and clone formation RESULTS:After mixing with the SCA-contained serum derived at 1,2,4,8h after giving SCA(3,6 and 12g/kg),the rates of MTT transformation and clone formation of K562 cells were decreased significantly The SCA-contained serum 12 h after giving drug was more effective than others CONCLUSION:The SCA-contained serum inhibited the proliferation of tumor cells,which may be one of its important antitumor mechanism

We discussed the function of four pairs of genes in the toxin-antitoxin system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,providing theoretical foundation and scientific basis for studying the transmission mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Four pairs of genes which belong to VapBC family,including four VapC genes (Rv1720c,Rv2103c,Rv2494,Rv3408) and four VapB genes (Rv1721c,Rv2104c,Rv2493,Rv3407) were chosen.We constructed a serial of arabinose-induced hybrid plasmid system in Escherichia coli and a serial of acetamide-induced hybrid plasmid system in Mycobacterium smegmatis respectively,in order to observe the potential inhibition effect of VapC and the release inhibition of homologous VapB.Results showed that only one toxin gene(Rv2103c) showed the function of bacteriostasis in both E.coli and M.smegmatis and the homologous antitoxin gene(Rv2104c) could release the inhibition of growth.We built the inducible systems of VapBC family in both E.coli and M.smegmatis respectively and found only a pair of toxin and antitoxin genes(Rv2103c,Rv2104c) had the function of inhibition and release for the growth of bacteria.And two pairs of toxin genes(Rv1720c,Rv2494) did not have the function of inhibition for the growth of both E.coli and M.smegmatis.Whereas,another toxin gene VapC47(Rv3408) also did not have the bacteriostastic activity,only this result was not consistent with the existing literature.We speculated that the reason for this kind of difference may be the different inducible systems we used.Cause the other three results were consistent with all existing literature and the doubtful result also appeared in other reports,so our protocol could be confirmed as reliable,and we would use it to build inducible systems and make further functional identification of certain toxin and antitoxin genes that we are interested in.

Objective To analyze the sensitized factors in urinemia patients who waiting for renal transplantation.Methods 2429 patients with urinemia from April 2002 to December 2008 were subjected to the detection of panel reactive antibody, and classified into 5 groups according to their clinical data:(A) no history disease group (n = 1097) who never experienced transfusion, pregnancy and transplantation; (B) Transfusion group (n = 361) who received transfusion more than 200 ml; (C) Pregnancy group (n = 481) who experienced pregnancy; (D) Transfusion+ pregnancy group (n= 294) who experienced both pregnancy and transfusion; (E) Re-transplantation group (n = 196) who experienced failed transplantation before, and waited for the second renal transplantation.Results All the males in group A were negative for PRA, and females were weakly positive for HLA Ⅱ antibody.The incidence of PRA production in group B was 15.24 % (55/361).Thirty-nine patients were positive for PRA in group C with the incidence being 8.11 % (39/481).The PRA positive rate in groups D and E was 30.61 % (90/294) and 70.92 % (139/196) respectively.PRA intensity was more than 60 % in 72 patients in group E.Conclusion Transfusion and pregnancy caused lower incidence of PRA positive rate.The incidence was much higher in transfusion + pregnancy patients than that in patients with transfusion or pregnancy alone.Graft caused the higher incidence of PRA than by transfusion and pregnancy.