Tumor metastasis, the main characteristic and important indication of malignant tumor, is also the primary cause of death for most cancer patients. The tumor metastasis is a multistep process involving various factors, multiple interactions of many genes as well as the microenvironment. To investigate the mechanism of tumor metastasis will help us understand the essences of metastasis process, therefore exploring molecular targets for clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Objectives:To study the role of COX-2 and bFGF in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Methods:The expressions of COX-2 and bFGF were exmined by immunohistochemical staining with anti-COX-2 and anti-bFGF monoclonal antibodies respectively in 23 cases of OSCC,25 of oral leukoplakia(OLK)and 10 of normal oral mucosa.Results:COX-2 was detected in 20/23 cases of OSCC,13/25 of OLK and 0/10 of normal oral mucosa(P

Objective:To investigate the relationship between polymorphism of leptin gene -2548A/G and leptin receptor gene ( LEPR) Gln223Arg and asthma and metabolic syndrome.Methods: 82 asthma-combined metabolic syndrome patients,114 asthma patients,100 metabolic syndrome patients and 96 normal controls were conducted.The polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism ( PCR-RFLP) analysis were performed to investigate the polymorphism of leptin gene -2548A/G and LEPR gene Gln223Arg site.In addition, asthma was graded into mild AS and mod-severe AS according to lung function.Then the associations between the polymorphism of leptin gene -2548A/G and LEPR gene Gln223Arg and different grades of asthma were performed.Results:①The biochemical indicators were different compared between each group.②The genotype and allele frequencies in leptin gene polymorphism -2548A/G were significantly difference between metabolic syndrome patients(P=0.047 and 0.046), asthma-combined metabolic syndrome patients( P=0.038 and 0.044) ,mod-severe asthma patients( P=0.019 and 0.028) and control group.③There was a significant difference of genotype and allele frequencies in LEPR gene Gln223Arg between metabolic syndrome patients and controls(P=0.037 and 0.023);between metabolic syndrome patients and asthma patients(P=0.000 and 0.000).There was a significant difference of allele frequencies in LEPR gene Gln223Arg between asthma-combined metabolic syndrome patients and asthma(P=0.032) .Conclusion: Polymorphisms of the leptin gene -2548A/G site may be associated with metabolic syndrome and mod-severe asthma.Polymorphisms of the LEPR gene Gln223Arg site may be only associated with metabolic syndrome.The two genes would be the candidate genes in early prevention and control.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of surgical delay procedure on the survival of perforator flap with three angiosomes in rat, and to explore its possible mechanism.

METHODSThe flap model was a perforator flap with three angiosomes which located on the right dorsal side of a rat based on the right deep circumflex iliac vessel. The two connection areas between the three angiosomes were successively named choke zone (CZ) 1 and CZ 2 beginning from the pedicle to the remote area. A total of 110 SD rats were divided into routine flap group (RF, n = 40), delay only group (DO, n = 30), and delay flap group (DF, n =40) according to the random number table. (1) In group RF, 30 rats were selected according to the random number table, and flap surgery was performed directly. Six rats were sacrificed on post operation day (POD) 0, 1, 2, 3, 7 respectively to collect the full-thickness skin samples at both CZs for HE staining to measure the vascular density and diameter. The rest 10 rats underwent flap surgery immediately after a catheter was successfully implanted into their external jugular vein. A volume of 1.5 mL sodium fluorescein solution (100 g/L) was injected to the 10 rats on POD 0 (5 rats) or POD 1 (5 rats) each time with a 2-day interval to learn the change in flap circulation. Each rat was injected for 4 times. The flap survival rate of the 10 rats was calculated on POD 7, and the configuration and distribution of the vessels in the flap were observed through angiography with the improved perfusion method of lead oxide-gelatin. (2) In group DO, the right thoracodorsal perforators of all the rats were surgically ligated through a small skin incision, and 6 rats were sacrificed on POD 0, 1, 2, 3, 7 respectively. The skin samples of each rat at the same area as in group RF were harvested to measure the vascular density and diameter. (3) In group DF, rats were treated with ligation surgery as in group DO, and then they were assigned and treated as in group RF on POD 7 with corresponding indexes detected later. Data were processed with group t test, analysis of variance with factorial design, and SNK test.

RESULTS(1) Significant differences of vascular density at both CZ 1 and CZ 2 were found on POD 7 among the three groups ( with F values respectively 2. 69 and 2. 76, P values below 0.05). The vascular density values of CZ 1 and CZ 2 of rats in group DF were (29 ± 7) and (31 ± 8) per mm on POD 7, which were significantly higher than those of group RF [(23 ± 5) and (23 ± 3) per mm2, with q values respectively 5.67 and 6.01, P values below 0.05] and those within group DF on POD 0 (with q values respectively 6.42 and 7. 14, P values below 0. 05). On POD 3 and 7, the vascular diameter values of CZ 1 of rats in groups RF and DF were significantly higher than those of group DO (with q values from 8. 15 to 11.13, P values below 0.05). The vascular diameter values of CZ 2 of rats in group DF onPOD 0, 1, 2, 3,7 [(65 ± 8), (63 ± 13), (69 ± 9), (67 ± 8), (64 ± 13) 230m] and in group DO on POD 3 and 7 were significantly higher than those in group RF [respectively (46 ± 10) , (40 ± 9), (43 ± 13), (46 ± 12), (47 ± 11) µm on POD 0, 1,2, 3, 7 ] at corresponding time point (withqval- ues from 7.29 to 10.79, P values below 0.05). The difference in vascular diameter between CZ 1 and CZ 2 was statistically significant in groups RF and DO on POD 3 and 7, and in group DF on POD 0, 1 , and 2 (with q values from 5.32 to 9.56, P values below 0.05). Compared with that on POD 0 within each group, the vascular diameter of CZ 1 in groups RF and DF and that of CZ 2 in group DO increased significantly on POD 3 or 7 (with q values from 6.12 to 8.13, P values below 0.05). (2) In groups DF and RF, blood from the pedicle ran through CZ 1 and covered the dynamic territory successfully within POD 7. On POD 0, the blood within all flaps was blocked for about 3 min after going through CZ 1 at 1 cm distal from CZ 2 in group DF and around CZ 2 in group RF. (3) Flap survival rate of rats in group DF was (95 ± 12) % , which was statistically higher than that of group RF [(80 241 9) % , t = 2.91, P <0.01]. All the partial flap necrosis occurred in potential territory. (4) Compared with the vessels in the left dorsal side without surgery, the vessels of CZ 1 in group RF were dilated obviously, and the boundary between vascular trees became indistinct, but the vessels in CZ 2 changed slightly; the vessels in both CZs in group DF were dilated dramatically.

CONCLUSIONSThe delay method could enhance the survival of potential territory in perforator flap with three angiosomes, and it acted mainly by dilating the choke vessels in CZ 2 before flap surgery.

Angiography ; Animals ; Graft Survival ; physiology ; Male ; Necrosis ; Perforator Flap ; blood supply ; physiology ; Rats ; Skin ; blood supply ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; physiology ; Time Factors

Objective To investigate the strategies of surgical approaches,indications and surgical techniques of local resection for mid-lower rectal tumors and pelvic floor neoplasia.Methods Clinical data of 122 patients underwent local resection for mid-lower rectal tumors pelvic floor neoplasia between July 2004 and July 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Transanal,transsacral,transsphincteric local resection was respectively performed in 45,and 32,and 45 patients.Pathological examination proved that benign tumors were account for 81 cases,pelvic floor neoplasia 16 cases,malignant tumors 25 cases.The masses were 5.6 cm(0 to 12 cm) apart from the anal border,and the mean tumors' diameter was 4.2 cm (0.5 to 11 cm).No case was diagnosed with positive margins upon final pathology of resected specimens.The rate of postoperative complications of transanal,transsacral,transsphincteric approaches was 8.9％ (4/45),18.8％ (6/32),20.0％ (9/45),respectively.The recurrence of transanal,transsacral,transsphincteric approaches was 6.7％ (3/45),9.4％ (3/32),4.4％ (2/45),respectively.Conclusions The three approaches for patients suffering from mid-lower rectal tumors and pelvic floor neoplasia have respectively advantages.Transsphincteric approach is the most useful methods,but with more postoperative complications,so it need more surgical techniques.

We discussed the function of four pairs of genes in the toxin-antitoxin system of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,providing theoretical foundation and scientific basis for studying the transmission mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Four pairs of genes which belong to VapBC family,including four VapC genes (Rv1720c,Rv2103c,Rv2494,Rv3408) and four VapB genes (Rv1721c,Rv2104c,Rv2493,Rv3407) were chosen.We constructed a serial of arabinose-induced hybrid plasmid system in Escherichia coli and a serial of acetamide-induced hybrid plasmid system in Mycobacterium smegmatis respectively,in order to observe the potential inhibition effect of VapC and the release inhibition of homologous VapB.Results showed that only one toxin gene(Rv2103c) showed the function of bacteriostasis in both E.coli and M.smegmatis and the homologous antitoxin gene(Rv2104c) could release the inhibition of growth.We built the inducible systems of VapBC family in both E.coli and M.smegmatis respectively and found only a pair of toxin and antitoxin genes(Rv2103c,Rv2104c) had the function of inhibition and release for the growth of bacteria.And two pairs of toxin genes(Rv1720c,Rv2494) did not have the function of inhibition for the growth of both E.coli and M.smegmatis.Whereas,another toxin gene VapC47(Rv3408) also did not have the bacteriostastic activity,only this result was not consistent with the existing literature.We speculated that the reason for this kind of difference may be the different inducible systems we used.Cause the other three results were consistent with all existing literature and the doubtful result also appeared in other reports,so our protocol could be confirmed as reliable,and we would use it to build inducible systems and make further functional identification of certain toxin and antitoxin genes that we are interested in.

Objective To measure the setup errors and organ movements of patients with esophagus carcinoma during radiotherapy and find a reasonable margin from the clinic target volume (CTV) to the planning target volume (PTV). Methods (1) Set-up veri cation: Forty-two cases of untreated esophageal cancer were enrolled into this study. The physicist firstly made the planning according to the doctor requests and ensured the best distribution at the target. Thereafter, the 0° and 90° digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR) was transmitted to the iView GT workshop. Meanwhile, two copies of cross-cut electronic portal image (EPI) were required before radiotherapy. Two doctors confirmed the variance of the osteal mark from the EPI and DRR,and output a 3D direction (left to right, superior to inferior, anterior to posterior) of the setup errors through the iView GT software. (2)Breathing motion:Ten cases of untreated esophageal cancer were enrolled into this study.Three distinct breathing levels were deflned: FB (free breathing), EBH (expiration with breath-held) and IBH (inspiration with breath-held). We gave the treatment planning in FB, then by moving the isocenter to EBH and IBH, we recalculated the dose distribution without changing the field angle, shape and weighing (Mus). Displacements were analyzed at four points (anterior, posterior, right lateral and left lateral) and five levels of target (upper, quarter, isocenter, three-quarter and lower). Results (1) The systematic setup errors were -0.23 cm, -0.02 cm and -0.06 cm, and the random errors were 0.44 cm, 0.45 cm and 0.44 cm at the direction of left to right(LR), superior to inferior (SI), anterior to posterior(AP), respectively. (2) The organ movements were 0.3 cm, 0.6cm and 0.3cm at the LR, SI, AP, respectively. Conclusions As an alternative, the root-sum-of-squares of set-up error and organ motion are suggested by σtot=√ (σITV2+σSM2). The CTV to PTV margins are 0.8cm left to right, 0.78cm superior to inferior, 0.5cm anterior to posterior.

Objective:To investigate the relationship of polymorphism of leptin receptor gene Gln223Arg with asthma and metabolic syndrome.Methods: Collected 120 asthma patients,92 metabolic syndrome patients,54 asthma combined metabolic syndrome patients and 81 normal controls.According to the severity,the asthma patients were divided into mild-medium group and severe group.The serum leptin level was measured by ELISA,the genotypes of leptin receptor were analyzed by the method of polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP),and statistcs of each subject′s MBI,blood pressure,lung function and fasting blood glucose were collected.Results: ①There were significant differences in genotype and allele frequency in leptin receptor gene Gln223Arg between the metabolic syndrome group,asthma combined metabolic syndrome group and normal control group(P<0.05).②The allele frequency and genotype in leptin receptor gene Gln223Arg were significant different between the severe asthma group and normal control group(P<0.05).③The serum leptin level,BMI and systolic blood pressure of AA+AG genotype group were significiant higher than GG genotype group(P<0.05),while the value of FEV1% and FEV1/FVC of lung function were lower than GG genotype group(P<0.05).Conclusion: Leptin receptor gene Gln223Arg polymorphism is correlated with asthma and metabolic syndrome,and by causing leptin resistance,the A allele might be the genetic factor that contribute to individual susceptibility for asthma and metabolic syndrome.

A simple assay for detection of phospholipase C (PLC) activity was developed based on a fluorescence liposome probe using the Liss Rhod PE-loaded phospholipid liposomes.The liposome probe was prepared by the coassembly of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and fluorescent lipid (Liss Rhod PE).The probe showed very low background fluorescence due to fluorescence self-quenching effect of Liss Rhod PE.As the PLC enzyme selectively digested lipid, the Rhod fluorescence was recovered from its quenched state, leading to the sensitive detection of PLC.This assay provided a limit of detection (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) of 2 U/L for PLC.In the presence of PLC inhibitor, the fluorescent response of the sensor for PLC decreased, indicating that the assay could also be used for screening PLC inhibitors.

Objective To investigate the value of roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA) in assessing early migration of femoral implant after total hip arthroplasty (THA) with modular prostheses.Methods From May 2009 to April 2010,37 patients underwent THA with modular prostheses inour hospital,including 25 males and 12 females,aged from 58 to 72 years (average,60.23±5.64 years).There were 32 cases of degenerative osteoarthritis,3 cases of femoral neck fracture and 2 cases of developmental dysplasia of the hip.The Harris hip score and RSA were used to assess the clinical results and the migration of femoral implant at 3,6,12,24 months postoperatively,respectively.Results The average Harris hip score improved from preoperative 26.36 ±10.56 to 78.24±12.72,84.51±16.05,86.72±9.34,and 87.55±8.97 at 3,6,12,and 24 months after operation,respectively,and the differences between pre-and post-operative Harris score were significant.There was no prosthetic revision,and slight thigh pain occurred in 3 patients.According to RSA,the degree of initial migration of femoral implant had large individual differences,and the initial migration was higher from 3 to 6 months after operation.Clinical and biological stabilization was achieved in 36 patients,while progressive migration was found in 1 patient.There was a positive correlation between the distal migration and posterior migration within 24 months after operation (r=0.3,P=0.01).The distal migration and posterior migration/rotation mainly occurred within 3 months after operation.There was no correlation between prosthetic size/offset and degree of migration of implant.Conclusion RSA provides an objective reference for assessing the migration of femoral implant after THA with modular prostheses,which is a reliable method to evaluate early implant stability.