Objective To explore the changes in serum inflammatory cytokines,plasma homocysteine (Hcy) and hemorheology in patients with diabetic microangiopathy of different severity.Methods A total of 180 T2DM patients admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to July 2015 were selected and randomized into either the no diabetic retinopathy (NDR) group,background diabetic retinopathy (BDR) group or proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) group,each including 60 patients.We compared serum hypersensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP),interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) levels,plasma Hcy level,and hemorheological indicators across the three groups.Results Serum hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α levels,plasma Hcy level and hemorheological indicators were all significantly higher in BDR and PDR groups than in NDR group,with statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Serum hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-αt levels,plasma Hcy level and hemorheological indicators were all significantly higher in PDR group than in BDR group,with statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Serum hs-CRP,IL-6 and TNF-α levels,plasma Hcy level and hemorheological indicators would raise constantly with disease progression in diabetic patients,which might be associated with the development and progression of retinopathy.

Objective To explore the impact of levocarnitine on microinflammatory state in hemodialysis patients with diabetic nephropathy(DN) .Methods Sixty outpatients and inpatients with DN in the Second Aid Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2010 to December 2012 were selected as the research subjects according to the inclusion and exclusion stand‐ards and randomly divided into DN conventional treatment group (conventional treatment group ,n=30) and levocarnitine treatment observation group (levocarnitine treatment group ,n=30) .Contemporaneous 20 individuals undergoing the healthy physical exami‐nation were selected as the healthy control group ,DN was excluded .The two treatment groups were given the insulin therapy ,on the basis of the routine therapy the levocarnitine treatment group was added with levocarnitine oral solution (2 g daily) .The treat‐ment in both groups lasted for 3 weeks .The efficacy was observed and the indicators were detected before and after treatment ,in‐cluding interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) ,C‐reactive protein (CRP) ,tumor necrosis factor‐α(TNF‐α) ,urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) , serum albumin (Alb) ,hemoglobin (Hb) ,endogenous creatinine clearance rate (Scr) ,total cholesterol (TG) and triglycerides (TC) .The above indicators in the healthy control group were detected in physical examination .Results The CRP ,IL‐6 ,TNF‐αlev‐els after treatment in the conventional treatment group and levocarnitine treatment group were higher than those in the healthy con‐trol group .The CRP ,IL‐6 and TNF‐αlevels after treatment in the levocarnitine treatment group were lower than those in the con‐ventional treatment group .The above 3 inflammatory cytokines levels after treatment in the levocarnitine treatment group were low‐er than before treatment .The TC ,TG and Ccr levels after treatment in the levocarnitine treatment group were lower than those in the conventional treatment group ,while the Alb and Hb levels were higher than those in the conventional treatment group ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) .Conclusion The microinflammation level after levocarnitine treatment in main‐tenance dialysis patients with DN is alleviated to some extent ,the renal function and nutritional status have certain improvement .

Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma glucose transporter (Glut) expression and ERK in diabetic patients with obesity. Methods Subjects in this study included type 2 diabetes (T2DM ) with overweight or obesity(T2DM+ OB/OW group ,n=20) ,T2DM with normal weight (T2DM group ,n=22) ,normal glucose with overweight or obesity(OB/OW group ,n=20) ,normal glucose with normal weight (NC group ,n=21). Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect the glucose concentrations ;colorimetry was used to detect blood lipid;ELISA was used to detect the level of insulin;Western blot was used to evaluate the expression of Glut1 Glut2 and Glut4 ;RT‐PCR was used to evaluate the mRNA expression of Glut2 ,Glut4 and ERK. Results Fasting plasma glucose (FPG )and two‐hour postprandial plasma glucose (2 hPG)in group T2DM+ OB/OW[(8.9 ± 3.7) ,(20.1 ± 3.5)mmol/L]and T2DM[(9.3 ± 2.8) ,(18.48 ± 4.59)mmol/L]were higher than in group OB/OW[(4.10 ± 0.90) ,(6.60 ± 0.75)mmol/L ]and NC[(3.9 ± 0.7) ,(6.7 ± 0.8)mmol/L](P<0.01).Hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) in group T2DM+ OB/OW [9.90 ± 3.19)% ] and T2DM [(8.68 ± 2.75)% ] were higher than in group OB/OW [5.05 ± 0.37)% ] and NC[(5.47 ± 0.59)% ](P<0.01).FIns in group OB/OW [(7.98 ± 2.01)μIU/ml] were higher than in T2DM group[(5.91 ± 3.02)μIU/ml]and NC[(5.49 ± 1.36)μIU/ml](P< 0.05).Total cholesterol and triglyceride in T2DM + OB/OW group[(5.06 ± 0.97) ,(3.52 ± 2.68)mmol/L] , T2DM[(5.13 ± 1.27) ,(3.79 ± 3.56)mmol/L]and OB/OW[(4.67 ± 0.83) ,(1.87 ± 0.95)mmol/L]were higher than in group NC[(3.51 ± 0.89) ,(1.41 ± 1.21)mmol/L](P<0.01). Glut1 Glut2 ,Glut4 expression in T2DM+OB/OW group ,T2DM were lower than those in group OB/OW ,NC.Glut2 expression in T2DM+ OB/OW group was significantly lower than in T2DM group.Glut2 and Glut4 mRNA expression in group T2DM+ OB/OW ,T2DM were significantly lower than in group OB/OW ,NC.ERK mRNA expression in group T2DM + OB/OW ,T2DM were significantly higher than those in group OB/OW and NC.Conclusion Glut1 ,Glut2 and Glut4 expression are lower in diabetic patients with obesity ,and there is a negative correlation between the expression of ERK and Glut2 and Glut4.

Recently the research of vaccines and drugs against anthrax is one of hot spots. The efficacy of anthrax vaccines and drugs can't be experimented in human, therefore the testing model is very important. The cell models mainly include CHO and J774A.1. Now, various kinds of animals including mice, rats, rabbits, and nonhuman primates were experimented as animal models. Because the models are different, the results of experiments are significantly different, sometimes they are contrary. Many experiments of Bacillus anthracis in different cell and animal models are reviewed, and the principles of choosing animal models of anthrax are discussed. In order to analyze the different results of experiments in different models, the pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis and the researching progress of anthrax vaccines and drugs are also simply introduced .

Background Takayasu arteritis is a non specificity inflammation of aorta and its branch.The incidence of Takayasu arteritis is low and its ocular secondary disease is rare.The correct diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis is very important for its early treatment in clinic.Objective This study is to analyze the fundus findings and characteristic of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) of Takayasu retinopathy.Methods The FFA and clinical data of 12 patients (24 eyes) with Takayasu arteritis were retrospectively reviewed.Written informed consent was obtained from all the patients before and initiation of any study protocol.Results In 12 patients,chronic ischemic retinopathy was found in 15 eyes of 9 patients.The arm to retina circulation time(A RCT) prolonged to (19.20±2.95) s in 5 eyes,and the retinal circulation time (RCT) delayed to 10.62±6.15 s in 5 eyes.Peripapillary arteriovenous anastomosis was found in 2 eyes of 2 patients.Macular arch ring was incomplete in 6 eyes of 4 patients.Eight patients (14 eyes) had telangiectasis and microaneurysm,and 2 eyes of 2 patients presented neovascularization on the disc or elsewhere.In 12 patients,hypertensive retinopathy was found in 4 eyes of 3 patients,showing narrow retinal artery,arteriosclerosis,hemorrhage,cotton wool spots and hard exudates.Ten patients were diagnosed as Takayasu arteritis before FFA examination,and 2 patients were determinedly diagnosed after FFA was performed.Conclusion The main features of Takayasu retinopathy are hypertensive retinopathy and chronic ischemic retinopathy.It is important for ophthalmologist to correctly recognize the clinical features of TA.

Objective To study the influence on allograft function of HLA antibody in patients who received pairs of allograft from the same donor.Methods In Beijing Friendship Hospital.HLA antibodies were tested from October,2008 to April 2009 in patients.Recently (October,2013-February,2014),renal functions(serum creatinine/urea nitrogen)were studied in 226 patients who received transplant from 113 donors.LATM10x5,One Lambdas used for Panel reactive antibody screen-ing.Results 41 pairs of renal for male,21 pairs of renal for female and 51 pairs of renal for both male and female.PRA posi-tive in 26 patients (only 4 pairs of renal for patients were positive),11 recipients (HLA II antibody positive in only 1 pair of renal for patients)and 36 recipients (only 5 patients produced antibody)in 226 patients,HLA antibody positive in 73 pa-tients,in which renal function lost or decreased in 64 patients.HLA antibody negative in 153 recipients,in which renal func-tion lost or decreased in 4 patients.There was significant difference between the two group (χ2=160.70,P<0.001).Con-clusion HLA antibody is a important factor influence renal function and long term survival.

Objective To investigate the influences of HLA mismatching on renal function in the kidney transplant patients re-ceiving pairs of allograft from the same donor.Methods 171 pairs of renal transplant patients receiving the kidneys from the same donors were investigated.They were admitted in our hospital before 2008.Their human leukocyte antigens (HLA)were typed with the commercial polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequence-specific primers (SSP)HLA typing kit (One Lambda,Inc.,USA;and GTI Diagnostics,USA).The serum creatinine (SCr)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)were measured in the clinical laboratory of our hospital.Results Among 171 pairs of renal transplant patients,there were 162 recipients with HLA mismatch≤4,in which the re-nal function was remained stable in 107 recipients and lost or decreased in 55 patients.There were 180 recipients with HLA mis-match >4,in which the renal function was stayed normal in 84 recipients and lost or decreased in 96 patients.The difference in in-fluencing the renal function between the HLA mismatch≤4 and HLA mismatch>4 had statistical significance (χ2 =12.22,P <0.05).Conclusion Excellent HLA typing match has important significance for renal long term survival.

Objective To analyze the MRI features of rare intracranial germ cell tumors of the pineal region compared with pathologic findings.Methods The MRI and pathologic data of 32 patients with rare intracranial germ cell tumors of the pineal region were reviewed retrospectively.All cases were proved by surgery and pathological examinations.Results Fourteen teratomas with malignant transformations were cyst-solidary which were mixed signals on plain MRI and the solid components showed obvious enhancement.The adiposity signals could be seen in teratomas.The level of serum or CSF AFP was high.Microscopically,many tissue components could be seen.The signal of 6 yolk sac tumors were homogeneous,and they had great enhancement after enhanced scanning.Increasing of preoperative serum AFP level could be seen in all patients.The 5 embryonal carcinomas were well-defined margin masses and heterogeneous with cystoid variation and necrosis and moderate to severe edema.The solid components showed obvious enhance.The signals of 7 mixed germ cell tumors were atypical,which depended on the components of germ cell tumors.Conclusion The MRI findings of the rare intracranial germ cell tumors of the pineal region(teratomas with malignant transformations,yolk sac tumors endodermal sinus tumor,embryonal carcinomas and mixed germ cell tumors)show some feature which are correlated with pathology.Suggestive diagnosis could be made combined with clinical data and MRI features.

Objective To observe the protective effect of meicha protein on the heart of spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR),and explore its mechanism.Methods Fourty healthy SHR rats were randomly divided into 4 groups:model control group,Meicha protein low dose group(70 mg·kg-1)、Meicha protein high dose group(140 mg·kg-1),Compound Kendir Leaves Tablets group(50 mg·kg-1),n=10.The rats were orally administered twice daily by gavage for seven weeks,measuring blood pressure in each group fort nightly.1 h after the last administration,drawing off the blood from carotid,stripping off the heart tissue,and the organ index was calculated;Taking a part of the tissue with 4% paraformaldehyde for Pathological histology.Detection of serum NO,ET-1 levels as well as the organization of the ACE and Ang II mRNA expression to explore the mechanism of its buck.Results Meicha protein could significantly reduce the blood pressure of SHR;The impact on the rat organ coefficient was not obvious,but had a protective effect on heart tissue.Compared with the model control group,the contents of NO an ET-1 were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the high dose of Meicha protein could induce ACE,AngⅡ,CYP11B2.The expression of mRNA was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Conclusion The possible mechanism of Meicha protein antihypertensionis relevant to increase the content of NO in serum,reduce the content of ET-1 in serum,reduce mRNA expression of ACE and AngⅡin cardiac tissue.

A simple assay for detection of phospholipase C (PLC) activity was developed based on a fluorescence liposome probe using the Liss Rhod PE-loaded phospholipid liposomes.The liposome probe was prepared by the coassembly of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) and fluorescent lipid (Liss Rhod PE).The probe showed very low background fluorescence due to fluorescence self-quenching effect of Liss Rhod PE.As the PLC enzyme selectively digested lipid, the Rhod fluorescence was recovered from its quenched state, leading to the sensitive detection of PLC.This assay provided a limit of detection (at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3) of 2 U/L for PLC.In the presence of PLC inhibitor, the fluorescent response of the sensor for PLC decreased, indicating that the assay could also be used for screening PLC inhibitors.