Objective:To survey the antibody response to live and inactive attenuated hepatitis A vaccine immunized by gastrogavage in mice.Methods:The mice were immunized by gastrogavage with live or inactive vaccine of hepatitis virus A with or without gelatin.The sera and intestinal fluid were collected after two weeks at last immunization.The specific IgG,IgA were assayed by ELISA.Results:Both of live and inactive HAV vaccine can induce the antibody response in local and system after gastrogavage immunization,the level of antibody in serum of mice is higher than that immunized by intramuscularly injection (P

OBJECTIVE:To understand the drug use of sample hospitals,and to provide reference for drug production,man-agement and service department. METHODS:Statistical analysis was conducted in the data of drug use in national 1 248 sample hos-pitals during 4th quarter of 2012-3rd quarter of 2013. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Anti-infection medicine,Chinese patent medi-cine,nervous system drugs has being ranked the top 3 in the list of consumption sum,and that of various drugs is in an upward trend. Top 20 drugs in the list of consumption sum mainly are biological products,drugs for the nervous system,digestive system drugs;that of human albumin and deproteinized calf serum have increased greatly. Top 10 imported pharmaceutical enterprises or joint ventures in the list of consumption sum mainly are multinational enterprises,and they are stable in ranking. The development of pharmaceutical enterprises should focus on brand,quality,price and service,etc.,so that their competitiveness can be improved.

Anthrax is a fulminating infectious disease .Bacillus anthracis, as the pathogen of anthrax , is a potential ma-terial for biological warfare agents and biological terrors .Immunoprophylaxis and specific theraphies play key roles in cop-ing with anthrax threats.Researches on the mechanism of B.anthracis infection, especially the process of infection , can fa-cilitate the development of novel drugs for anthrax prevention and therapy .Herein, by reviewing research progress , the in-fection process of B.anthracis is introduced and the potential mechanism of anthrax infection is described .Furthermore, the relationship between researches on anthrax infection mechanisms and the development of drugs for anthrax prevention and therapy is also discussed .

Objective To study and evaluate frequency-doubled-double-pulse laser (FREDDY) lithotripsy of ureteral calculi. Methods The experience of 150 cases of ureteral calculi treated with FREDDY from April to December in 2001 was summarized.94 are male patients and 56 female with an average age of 42.There were 48 cases of upper,35 middle and 64 lower ureteral stone. Results Of 150 cases,136(90.6%) were successful on the first lithotripsy.Of which in 131 cases (96.8%) the stone fragment completely expelled in one week.The procedure failed in 9 cases of upper ureteral calculi.Among them,5 cases was due to up drift of calculi or incomplete lithotripsy and was then shifted to ESWL therapy.2 was due to angular twist of the ureter and changed to open operation,and another 2 was due to perforation of ureter during the procedure.Of the 5 failed cases with middle and lower ureteral calculi,1 was due to incomplete lithotripsy,nonfragmentation in 1 case and failure of ureteroscopy in 3(changed to open operation).Different degree of hematuria was seen in every case after operation.High fever or pyonephrosis after operation has not been observed.The average operation time was 32 minutes,and the average time for laser working was 3.3 minutes.The average hospitalization after operation was 2.5 days. Conclusions FREDDY is a kind of laser with the characteristics of single function,simple operation,safe,less damage to the soft tissue and high efficiency of lithotripsy.The procedure is indicated if ESWL failed or not indicated.

[Objective]To discuss the analgesic effects of Radix Curcuma extracts on mice.[Method]The writhing tests were adopted to observe the mice writhing times.[Results]The Radix Curcuma extracts middle-dose group can obviously inhibit the mice average writhing times,with statistically significant differences in comparison to contral group,P

The RD-1 locus has been considered crucial in the pathogenesis of M.tuberculosis, the RD-1 locus is 9.5 kb and spanning open reading frames Rv3871 to Rv3879c encoding 9 different proteins separately.The RD-1 locus is missing in all bacillus Calmette-Guerin(BCG) strains, and is one of the key virulence factor in M.tuberculosis.The RD-1 locus participates in a new secreting system named ESX-1, which can facilitate the secretion of some special proteins.The two important proteins encoded by the RD-1 locus named CFP-10 and ESAT-6 can form a tight 1∶1 complex, and has been shown to be coordinately secreted and lead to a strong T cell response, which suggests that these two proteins may act as ideal target antigens in diagnosis and prevention of tuberculosis(TB).

Biological behavior of tumor has a close relationship with its blood supply from the tumor microvessels.The microvessel density of tumor can affect the progressiveness and prognosis of tumor directly. The application of TACE can kill the tumor cell, destroy its blood vessel, and obstruct its blood supply. The advancement of the tumor micro- vessel variation after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization is reviewed.

Objective To investigate the ability of myocardial fractional flow resever (FFRmyo) in predicting the incidence of major cardiac events (death, myocardial infarction, revascularization and recurrance of angina) 3 months after stent inplantation and also try to find out the cutoff point. Methods Coronary pressure was measured in 79 patients with stable angina immediately after stent implantation. The values of poststenting FFRmyo was calculated and found to be related to the presence of major adverse cardiac events during first 3 months. Results In 14 patients (18.4%), at least one adverse event occurred. Two out of 12 patients experienced recurrance of angina and underwent revascularization. By Logistic Regress analysis, FFRmyo immediately after stenting was the most significant independent variable for predicting major cardiac events. By receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the cutoff point of FFRmyo was 0.92. Conclusion FFRmyo immediately after stenting is an independent predictor of clinical events at first 3 months.

Recently the research of vaccines and drugs against anthrax is one of hot spots. The efficacy of anthrax vaccines and drugs can't be experimented in human, therefore the testing model is very important. The cell models mainly include CHO and J774A.1. Now, various kinds of animals including mice, rats, rabbits, and nonhuman primates were experimented as animal models. Because the models are different, the results of experiments are significantly different, sometimes they are contrary. Many experiments of Bacillus anthracis in different cell and animal models are reviewed, and the principles of choosing animal models of anthrax are discussed. In order to analyze the different results of experiments in different models, the pathogenesis of Bacillus anthracis and the researching progress of anthrax vaccines and drugs are also simply introduced .

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of midazolam combined with remifentanil for lower eyelid blephamoplasty.Methods In a double-blind study,200 patients undergoing lower eyelid blephamoplasty were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups (100 cases each):test group (midazolam 0.05 mg/kg and remifentanil 0.5 μg/kg followed by remifentanil 0.05 μg/(kg·min) and control group (midazolam 0.05 mg/kg).Heart rate (HR),mean arterial pressure (MAP),and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2),respiratory rate (RR),SpO2 change,operation time,recovery time,the incidence of adverse reactions and the satisfactory rate of both patients and surgeons were monitored and recorded before the medication,3 min after the medication,at beginning of the surgery,during and immediately after the surgery,and 30 min after surgery.Results Two groups of patients had no obvious difference in intraoperative MAP,HR,RR,SpO2 and postoperative recovery time (P＞0.05);the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in the test group was significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05); Patients and surgeons satisfaction in the test group was higher than that in control group (91.3±11.6)vs (52.7±10.4) (P＜0.05).Conclusions Midazolam combined with remifentanil for lower eyelid blephamoplasty has less inhibitory effect on circulatory and respiratory functions and the patients come round fast after surgery.But there are risks of respiratory inhibition in the induce phase and nausea and vomiting in the recovery stage.