Objective To explore the diagnostic value of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) biochemical indexes in central nervous system (CNS) infection .Methods The results of CSF culturing and detection of biochemical indexes including glucose(Glu) ,lactate dehy‐drogenase(LDH) ,chloride ion(Cl) and protein(PRO) were collected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi′an Jiaotong University from September to December 2013 .Taking the results of CSF culturing as golden standard ,the biochemical indexes were analyzed by using receiver‐operating characteristic(ROC) curve for single index and combined indexes .Results A total of 157 CSF speci‐mens were collected ,including 39 culture‐positive specimens and 118 culture‐negative specimens .Areas under ROC curve(AUC) of Glu ,LDH ,Cl and PRO were 0 .653 ,0 .633 ,0 .626 ,0 .671 ,respectively .The AUCs of combined detection of these biochemical inde‐xes were higher than those of single index ,and the AUC of combined detection of these four indexes was the largest ,up to 0 .694 , but all were less than 0 .7 .Conclusion Glu ,LDH ,Cl and PRO all could be independent biochemical indexes for diagnosing CNS in‐fection ,among which PRO has the highest diagnostic value .And combined detections of these indexes are better than single detec‐tions ,especially combination of four indexes ,which is the strongest indicator ,but accuracy is low whether single or combined detec‐tion .More sensitive and specific biomarkers of CSF should be explored for rapid diagnosis of CNS infection .

OBJECTIVE:To explore the regularity and the characteristics of ADR in county-level second grade class A hospi-tal,in order to promote rational drug use in the clinic. METHODS:In retrospective study,399 ADR reported to National ADR Monitoring Network by county-level second grade class A hospital from 2011 to 2014 were analyzed. RESULTS:399 cases of ADR most happened in 0-10 year-old children (39.35%);most of ADR cases (91.98%) were related to intravenous administra-tion;56.39% of ADR cases were caused by antibiotics(56.39%),among which cephalosporin antibiotics took up the highest pro-portion(19.55%). ADR mainly manifested as lesion of skin and appendants(50.38%). CONCLUSIONS:It contributes to guaran-tee the safety of drug use that mastering the situation of ADR monitoring and report and extracting valuable warning sign.

Objective To investigate the effect of oleanolic acid (OA) on apoptosis, correlation between apoptosis and intracellular calcium, and its mechanism in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Methods Human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were incubated in vitro and assigned with OA concentrations of 0, 10, 20 and 40μg/mL. The apoptosis status of A549 cell line was detected with Annexin V-FITC/PI by flow cytometry (FCM); fluorescence intensity (FI) of A549 cells was assessed and the level of intracellular calcium was calculated at 24 hour of OA intervention. The relation between apoptosis and calcium FI was illustrated by curve fitting. Results FCM showed that 10, 20 and 40μg/mL of OA could induce A549 cell apoptosis, which followed a concentration-effect pattern; 24-hour intervention with 20μg/mL and 40μg/mL OA showed increased A549 cell apoptosis, and was significantly different from that with 0μg/mL OA (P<0.01). The FI of intracellular calcium concentration in 10, 20 and 40μg/mL OA groups was significantly higher than that in 0μg/mL group after 24 hours' intervention, and the FI showed a trend of increase with increased OA concentration (P<0.01). Curve fitting showed a significant correlation between apoptosis rate and intracellular calcium concentration in A549 cells (r=0.981, P<0.01). Regression equation was Y=0.508X-1.627. Conclusion OA plays a role in inducing apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma cells in a concentration-dependent manner. The OA-induced apoptosis is responsible for intracellular calcium overload of the tumor.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of high frequency ultrasonography with E-flow imaging in the evaluation of fingertip's microcirculation changes in patients with systemic sclerosis(SSc).Methods Twenty-four SSc patients and 29 healthy subjects were involved.High frequency ultrasonography with E-flow imaging was used to observe the configuration and distribution of digital arteries in the last segment of left and right middle finger.Peak systolic velocity (PSV),end diastolic velocity (EDV),mean velocity(MV),vascular resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index(PI) of digital palmar propria arteries,nail bed arteries and finger ventral arteries were measured.Results In control group,rich blood supply was revealed within the fingertips.Digital palmar propria arteries,nail bed arteries and finger ventral arteries and their small branches were displayed clearly and continuously by E-flow imaging.While in SSc patients,the definition and continuity of fingertip's small vascular flow images were not as good as that in the control group,with the distribution of blood flow markedly reduced.compared with the control group,PSV,EDV and MV of digital palmar propria arteries,nail bed arteries,finger ventral arteries were decreased in SSc group(P＜0.01),but both RI and PI were increased(P＜0.05).There were no statistically significant differences between left and right fingertip's arteries index in normal control group (P＞0.05).But PSV,EDV and MV of left digital palmar propria arteries in SSc group were higher than that of the right(P＜0.05),whose differences bear statistic significance.Conclusions High frequency ultrasonography with E-flow imaging is sensitive and reliable to reflect fingertip's microcirculation changes and provide a new method to assess microvascular changes in SSc patients.

Objective To investigate the relationship between apoptosis in epidermal keratinocytes and efficacy of epidermal grafting. Methods Epidermal specimens were obtained from donor sites and depigmented area of 44 patients with vitiligo receiving epidermal grafting. The apoptosis in keratinocytes was determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase end-labeling (TUNEL) assay, and the expressions of caspase 3, 8, 9 as well as bcl-2 and P53 were evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results As TUNEL assay showed, the number of apoptotic keratinocytes in epidermis from depigmented area differed significantly from that from donor sites.The expressions of caspase 3, 8 and 9 were mainly located in the membrane and cytoplasm of keratinocytes,and positive keratinocytes were predominately distributed in the middle and lower layer of the epidermis. Of the 44 patients, 19, 15 and 16 were positive for the expressions of caspase 3, 8 and 9 in the depigmented epidermis,respectively, and 9, 5 and 4 for those in the donor epidermis, respectively. P53 was expressed in neither donor epidermis nor depigmented epidermis, while Bcl-2 was weakly positive in donor epidermis and negative in depigmented epidermis. The number of apoptotic keratinocytes was higher in donor epidermis from patients failing to respond to the transplantation than in that from patients successfully treated by transplantation (15.83 ± 2.69 vs.9.24 ± 1.80, t = 10.96, P < 0.01 ). Conclusions There is an obvious apoptosis in keratinocytes from depigmented epidermis of patients with vitiligo, together with an increase in the expression of caspase 3, 8 and 9. The apoptosis in keratinocytes may be related to the efficacy of epidermal transplantation.

Objective To investigate the changes in lung resistance-related protein (LRP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions and micro-vessel density (MVD) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to elucidate their possible relationship and mechanism. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect changes in LRP and VEGF expressions, and MVD level in lung tissues of 56 NSCLC cases and 27 normal controls. Results ① LRP expression (66.1%) was concentrated in the cytoplasm of cancer cells, which was significantly higher than that in lung tissues of control group (P<0.01); the significance was not related to the pathological type. There was no significant difference in LRP expression among gender, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, and two-year survival in NSCLC (P>0.05). ② In comparison to the control group, NSCLC group had significantly increased VEGF expression (P<0.01), which was not related to the pathological type. VEGF expression in NSCLC group had a significant association with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). ③ The NSCLC group had a significantly higher MVD than the control group (P<0.01), which was not affected by the pathological type or degree. MVD value (18.5±5.8) of stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ in NSCLC group was significantly higher than that (13.8±5.1) of stage Ⅰ (P<0.05); MVD value for patients with lymph node metastasis was higher than that without lymph node metastasis (P<0.05); MVD value for patients with two-year survival was less than those who died within two years (P<0.01). ④ NSCLC group with high VEGF and LRP expressions had a consistently increased MVD value (P<0.05). Conclusion There is a certain relationship between tumor angiogenesis and LRP expression in NSCLC. VEGF is responsible for the high expression of LRP through up-regulating LRP gene and augmenting tumor MVD. Inhibition of angiogenesis in tumor is expected to reduce or inhibit drug resistance to NSCLC.

Objective To analyze the microRNA-155 (miR-155) expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),and to assess its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and its prognostic significance.Methods MiR-155 expression was detected in specimens of HCC and its adjacent non-tumorous liver tissues in 124 HCC patients by real-time PCR.The expression was also detected in different HCC cell lines.The Kaplan-Meier Curve was used to analyze survival of HCC patients.Gain-and loss-of-function studies were used to determine whether miR-155 impact cell cycle,cell proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells.Results Expression of miR-155 in HCC tissues was significantly elevated when compared with that in the adjacent non-tumor liver tissues (P ＜ 0.05).MiR-155 expression was significantly higher in different HCC cell lines (P ＜ 0.05) than that in normal liver cells.MiR-155 overexpression was significantly correlated with large tumor size (P ＜ 0.05),high histological grade (P ＜ 0.05) and advanced tumor stage (P ＜ 0.05).Patients with high miR-155 expression had significantly decreased overall survival (P ＜ 0.05) and disease-free survival (P ＜ 0.05).Upregnlation of miR-155 promoted cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase (P ＜ 0.05),increased cell proliferation (P ＜ 0.05) and apoptosis resistance (P ＜ 0.05) in Hep3B cells.Downregulation of miR-155 resulted in G1 arrest,apoptosis promotion and proliferation reduction in SMMC-7721 cells (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion MiR-155 can be used as a prognostic marker for HCC patients,and target therapy on miR-155 can be used as a potential option to prevent HCC progression.

Objective To establish computer assisted virtual ureteroscopy (VU) through data from computerized tomography urography (CTU) of patients with renal stones and make validation of effectiveness.Methods From June of 2015 to January of 2016,23 cases of renal stones cases was selected by 5 experts in 3 different centers.There were 21 unbilateral cases and 2 bilateral cases.The age ranged from 31 to 79(54.7 ± 12.5).Mean stone burden was (19.0 ± 6.2) mm.Stone number ranged from 1 to 5 (2.7 ± 1.2).VU generation was accomplished by specialized software (Crusher) with incorporating CTU data.After patientspecific VUs were presented to the experts,and the FURS surgeries were all finished successfully,face and content validations about VU using modified Likert questionnaire ordinal 10-point rating scales were made.20 trainee were selected to do the flexible ureteroscopy lithotripsy with assistance of VU.After observation of CTU and VU,the numbers of renal calyces and stones found by the experts and trainees were recorded.The statistical analysis were made before and after observation of VU between the experts and trainees.Result Face and content validation of VU:overall usefulness 7.6 ± 0.5,graphics 7.6 ± 0.5,intrarenal collecting system 8.4 ± 0.5,stone details 8.4 ± 0.5,usefulness in surgical planning and training 8.0 ± 0.7.Significant improvement was found when the trainees doing the surgery with the help of VU.Compared with using CTU only,VU could help the trainees had better understanding of intrarenal structure and stone information [the number of calyces (16.7 ±3.7)vs.(24.6 ± 1.8),P ＜0.001;the number of stones (4.9 ± 1.4)vs.(8.2 ± 1.3),P ＜0.001].Before observation of VU,trainees found much fewer calyces and stones compared with experts (P =0.004 and P ＜ 0.001 respectively).However,this gap disappeared after VU observation (P =0.327 and 0.292 respectively).Conclusions Establishing computer assisted VU through CTU data from renal stone patients is feasible and rapid.VU can significantly improve trainee's view of intrarenal collecting system and stone information before practicing FURS.

Objective To study the application effect of antiskid steel plate internal fixation via exposing lateral and posterior ankle fracture through fibula posterolateral approach in the treatment of Lauge-Hansen supination-eversion ankle fracture.Methods From January 2009 to December 2012,exposed the lateral and posterior ankle fracture through fibula posterolateral approach of 36 patients suffering from the Lauge-Hansen supination-eversion ankle fracture,and fixed the lateral and posterior ankle by the antiskid steel plate.Adopt Olerud-Molander ankle function scoring system to evaluate the postoperative effect of the ankle.Results All the patients were followed up for 7-27 months,with an average follow-up of 19 months.There was no complications such as incision infection and cutaneous necrosis.Only 1 patient occurred with peroneus myotenositis,and the symptom was relieved after taking out the steel plate.The fracture was healed within 16 weeks.Among the 36 cases,22 cases were excellent,9 cases were good,4 cases were medium and 1 case was poor.The fine rate was 86.1％(31/36).Conclusion Using the antiskid steel plate to treat the lateral and posterior ankle fracture through fibula posterolateral approach,can fully expose a single incision,fix the lateral and posterior ankle and reduce the tension in suture,improve the incision healing rate and fracture stability,provide a new method for treating ankle fracture.

BioNetSim, a Petri net-based software for modeling and simulating biochemistry processes, is developed, whose design and implement are presented in this paper, including logic construction, real-time access to KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes), and BioModel database. Furthermore, glycolysis is simulated as an example of its application. BioNetSim is a helpful tool for researchers to download data, model biological network, and simulate complicated biochemistry processes. Gene regulatory networks, metabolic pathways, signaling pathways, and kinetics of cell interaction are all available in BioNetSim, which makes modeling more efficient and effective. Similar to other Petri net-based softwares, BioNetSim does well in graphic application and mathematic construction. Moreover, it shows several powerful predominances. (1) It creates models in database. (2) It realizes the real-time access to KEGG and BioModel and transfers data to Petri net. (3) It provides qualitative analysis, such as computation of constants. (4) It generates graphs for tracing the concentration of every molecule during the simulation processes.
Databases, Factual ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Kinetics ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways ; Models, Biological ; Signal Transduction ; Software ; User-Computer Interface