Objective To explore the role of the computerized 3D reconstruction in studying the anatomy of the jugular foramen. Methods Plastination was used to make equidistant serial thin sections with 1^2*!mm in thickness.A SGI workstation was employed to reconstruct the jugular foramen and relative structures in three-dimensions. Results The computerized 3D-reconstruction could clearly display the important nerves and vessels of the jugular foramen,delineate the relationships between the internal carotid artery,internal jugular vein,the bundle of glossopharyngeal,vagus and accessory nerve and the skull base.All structures reconstructed can be represented individually or jointly and rotated continuously in any plane.Any diameter and angle of the structures reconstructed could be measured conveniently.Conclusion The computerized 3D-reconstruction possesses important value in studying the anatomy of the jugular foramen.

Objective To investigate the relationship between Wnt5a gene and E-cadherin or vimentin gene in breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Methods RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression of Wnt5a, E-cadherin and vimentin in breast cancer MCF-7 cells and the normal human mammary epithelial cell line MCF-10A, respectively, and their correlation was analyzed. Results The mRNA expression levels of Wnt5a and E-cadherin in cell line MCF-7 were significantly lower than those in cell line MCF-10A [(16.93± 2.97)%vs. (27.47±2.76) %, (12.97±1.35) % vs. (20.43±2.60) %, both P<0.05]. The mRNA expression level of vimentin in cell line MCF-7 was significantly higher than that in cell line MCF-10A [(16.53±0.85)%(6.33± 2.08) %, P<0.05 ]. In cell line MCF-7, the expression of Wnt5a was positively related to E-cadherin (г=0.997, P<0.05), but it was negatively related to vimentin (г=-0.998, P<0.05). Conclusions The expression of Wnt5a in human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 is significantly lower than that in cell line MCF-10A, which indicates that Wnt5a is a cancer suppressor gene in breast cancer. The expression of Wnt5a in cell line MCF-7 is positively related with E-cadherin, and it is negatively related with vimentin. Wnt5a may cause invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cell through the breast epithelial mesenchymal transitions.

Objective To discuss the feasibility of single hole thoracoscopy of pleural fibreboard endarterectomy surgical treatment on chronic tuberculous empyema. Methods Retrospective analysis of minimally invasive treatment of 52 cases of chronic tuberculous empyema form January 2013 to May 2016, 50 cases applied single hole thoracoscopy surgery, video-assisted mini-thoracoscopy for another 2 cases. Results There was no death, operation time 60 ~ 240 min, average 160 min, bleeding 150 ~ 2000 ml, average 350 ml, postoperative chest tube drainage time 3 ~ 21 d, average 7 d, postoperative persistent leakage in 3 patients, 3 cases of atelectasis, incisional infection in 1 case, pleural effusion in 1 case, 3 cases of arrhythmia. All the cured patients are received the corresponding treatment, the follow-up of 3 ~ 36 m, the chest CT scan show no atelectasis. Conclusion Under the condition of strict selection of indication, single hole thoracoscopy of pleural fibreboard endarterectomy in treatment of chronic tuberculous empyema is safe and feasible, so it is worthy of making further clinical promotion and application.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of a new optic puncture needle designed by our department for renal calculi treatment. Methods There were 8 patients undergoing micro-PCNL with the new device from June 2016 to February 2017. Values of basic demographic data ,operation time ,pain score ,drop in hemoglobin and complications were recorded. Results The mean stone size,operation time,pain score,drop in hemoglobin,and in-hospital time was(21.9 ± 7.3)mm,(43.6 ± 13.6)min,2.8 ± 1.3,7.0 g/L[(133.2 ± 10.3 g/L vs.(123.2 ± 13.9)g/L,P>0.05]and(3.1 ± 1.0)d,respectively. No patient required blood transfusion. Stone-free rate at 1 and 3 months post-operation were 87.5%(7/8)and 100%(8/8),respectively. One suffered urinary tract infections( ClavienⅠ)and was treated with antibiotics. There were no major complications. Conclusion The new device for treatment of renal calculi is feasible and effective.

Objective To investigate the radiographic characteristics of posterosuperior fracture fragment of the injured vertebral body and its effects on the results of surgical treatment in thoracolumbar burst fractures.Methods A total of 45 patients with acute thoracolumbar burst treated by either anterior or posterior surgery from January 2014 to December 2015 were analyzed by retrospective casecontrol study.There were 24 males and 21 females with a mean age of 33.6 years (range,23-52 years).Fractured segments included T12 in six cases,L1 in 15,L2 in 14,L3 in 5,and L4 in 5.Based on AO classification,there were ten cases of A3 fractures and 35 cases of Ag fractures,among which four cases of A4 were combined with B2 injuries.Eleven patients underwent anterior surgery and 34 patients posterior surgery.The operation time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded.The following parameters were also measured pre-and post-operatively,namely the displacement and inversion angle of posterosuperior fracture fragment,Cobb angle,anteroposterior diameter (APD) of spinal canal,and American spinal injury association (ASIA) neurological scale.Results All patients were followed up for 11-24 months (mean,17 months).There were no complications except for one case of implant loosening at three months after anterior surgery.The average operation time was 138.3 minutes and intraoperative blood loss was 293.7 ml in anterior surgery while the average operation time was 77.5 minutes and intraoperative blood loss was 54.7 ml in posterior surgery (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with postoperative situation,the canal APD was increased by 55.5％ in anterior surgery and the corresponding increase was 14.9％ in posterior surgery (P ＜ 0.01).There was no significant difference between two groups in Cobb angle correction.Compared with situation before surgery,the postoperative ASIA grading was improved in 73％ of the patients in anterior surgery and while it was enhanced in 24％ of the patients in posterior surgery (P ＜ 0.05).On the aspect of spinal canal decompression,anterior surgery had obvious decompression effects.The canal APD of anterior surgery was 94.4％,which was larger than 88.5％ in posterior surgery,although the difference was not significant.Notably,when the fragment displacement was ≤ 8 mm,posterior surgery could achieve 97.4％ APD which was comparable with that of anterior surgery.In contrast,when the fragment displacement was ＞ 8 mm,the APD was much smaller in posterior surgery with only 78.5％ (P ＜ 0.05).Similarly,when the fragment inversion was ≤25° or ＞ 25°,the APD was significantly different in anterior surgery and posterior surgery (95.4％ vs.80.8％) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Although posterior surgery for thoracolumbar burst fractures is easy to perform and has short operation time and little intraoperative blood loss,it cannot always guarantee adequate decompression of spinal canal.When the posterosuperior fragment displacement is ＞ 8 mm or when its inversion is ＞ 25°,stand-alone posterior indirect reduction technique is likely to lead to inadequacy of canal restoration.In this case,anterior surgery should be considered in order to achieve more complete canal decompression.Therefore,this radiographic characteristic of the posterosuperior fragment could serve as an approach reference for thoracolumbar burst fractures.

Objective To investigate the duration of indwelling ureteral stent after the ureteroscopic lithotripsy.Methods 300 cases of patients were retrospectively analyzed from June 2015 to June 2017,including 168 with renal calculi and 132 with non-incarcerated upper ureteral calculi.The size of stone is ＜2 cm in diameter.According to the length of time for indwelling ureteral stent,all patients were divided into two groups-150 cases in 14-day group (Group A) and 150 in the 28-day group (Group B) for comparing the complication and outcome,and then received modular flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy combined with holmium laser.Lastly,6F ureteral stent was indwelling postoperatively.Results Complications happened in both two groups after stenting.There were 140 cases (93.3％) complained of bladder irritation symptoms (LUTS) in Group A,while 107 (71.3％) in Group B;85 cases (56.7％) suffered from flank or abdominal pain in Group A and 36 (24％) in Group B;gross hematuria happened in 133 cases (88.7％) of Group A and 60 cases (40％) of Group B.As the duration of indwelling ureteral stent extended,the incidence of complications increased,significantly (P ＜ 0.05).CT scan showed there was no statistical difference in stone-free rate (diameter ＜ 3 mm) of two groups [A group:91.3 ％ (137/150) vs.B group:89.3 ％ (134/150),respectively].Conclusion With high stone-free rate and low complication incidence,2-week indwelling ureteral stent is safe for patients suffered from renal calculi or non-incarcerated upper ureteral calculi (diameter ＜ 2 cm).

OBJECTIVE： To investigate the effects of different polar parts of 5 kinds of Alpinia on the function of sympathetic-adrenal system in gastric ulcer model rats with cold syndrome， such as the root of Alpinia officinarum， the rhizome and fruit of Alpinia galangal， the seed of Alpinia katsumadai， and the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla. METHODS： SD rats were given Anemarrhena asphodeloides decoction at 4 ℃ and Glacial acetic acid solution intragastrically to induce gastric ulcer model with cold syndrome； the model rats were randomly divided into model group， Fuzi lizhong pills group （positive control， 9.0 g/kg）， cimetidine group （positive control， 0.003 3 g/kg）， low-dose and high-dose groups of petroleum ether， ethyl acetate， n-butanol and water extraction parts from 5 medicinal materials （hereinafter referred to as “gaoshidi” “gaoshigao” “dashidi” “dashigao” “hongshidi” “hongshigao” “caoshidi” “caoshigao” “yishidi” “yishigao” “gaoyidi” “gaoyigao” “dayidi” “dayigao” “hongyidi” “hongyigao” “caoyidi” “caoyigao” “yiyidi” “yiyigao” “gaozhengdi” “gaozhenggao” “dazhengdi” “dazhenggao” “hongzhengdi” “hongzhenggao” “caozhengdi” “caozhenggao” “yizhengdi” “yizhenggao” “gaoshuidi” “gaoshuigao” “dashuidi” “dashuigao” “hongshuidi” “hongshuigao” “caoshuidi” “caoshuigao” “yishuidi” “yishuigao”， 0.064/0.256， 0.032/ 0.128， 0.008/0.032， 0.075/0.3， 0.1/0.4， 0.064/0.256， 0.108/0.432， 0.16/0.64， 0.064/0.25， 0.125/0.5， 0.056/0.224， 0.108/0.432， 0.08/0.32， 0.2/0.8， 0.3/1.2， 0.14/0.56， 0.032/0.128， 0.028/0.112， 0.05/0.2， 0.087/0.348 g/kg， by mass of extraction parts）， with 10 rats in each group； and the blank group （normal temperature water） was set up. Next day after modeling， blank group and model group were given constant volume of normal temperature water intragastrically； administration group was given relevant solution 2 mL/100 g intragastrically， q12 h， 4 times in total. After last medication， urine contents of 17-OHCS， CAs substances （A， NE， DA） and serum contents of ACTH and D-β-H were determined by ELISA. RESULTS： Compared with blank group， the contents of 17-OHCS， A， NE and DA in urine， the contents of ACTH and D-β-H in serum were decreased significantly in model group （P＜0.01）. Compared with model group， the contents of 17-OHCS （Fuzi lizhong pills group， cimetidine group， gaoshidi， gaoshigao， dashigao， hongshigao， caoshigao and yishigao groups， ethyl acetate part groups of 5 medicinal materials， dazhenggao， hongzhenggao， caozhenggao and yizhenggao groups， gaoshuigao， dashuigao and hongshuigao groups）， A （Fuzi lizhong pills group， cimetidine group， gaoshigao， dashigao， hongshidi， hongshigao， caoshidi， caoshigao and yishigao groups， ethyl acetate part groups of 5 medicinal materials， gaozhenggao， dazhenggao， hongzhengdi， hongzhenggao， caozhenggao and yizhenggao groups， hongshuigao group）， NE （Fuzi lizhong pills group， cimetidine group， petroleum ether part， ethyl acetate part and n-butanol part groups of 5 medicinal materials， gaoshuigao， dashuigao and hongshuigao groups）， DA [Fuzi lizhong pills group， cimetidine group， petroleum ether part （except for gaoshidi group） and ethyl acetate part groups of 5 medicinal materials， gaozhenggao， dazhenggao， hongzhenggao， caozhenggao and yizhenggao groups， hongshuigao group] in urine， serum contents of ACTH [Fuzi lizhong pills group， petroleum ether part （except for gaoshidi， dashidi and caoshidi groups） and ethyl acetate part （except for dayidi and hongyidi groups） groups of 5 medicinal materials， hongzhenggao group， dashuigao group]， and D-β-H [Fuzi lizhong pills group， gaoshigao， dashigao， hongshidi， hongshigao and yishigao groups， ethyl acetate part groups of 5 medicinal materials （except for dayidi， hongyidi and yiyidi groups）， dazhenggao and hongzhenggao groups， hongshuigao group] were increased significantly （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. The contents of 17-OHCS and D-β-H in dashigao group， the contents of ACTH and D-β-H in caoshigao group and the contents of D-β-H in gaoshigao and yishigao groups were significantly lower than hongshigao group. The contents of DA in gaoyigao， caoyigao and yiyigao groups as well as the contents of D-β-H in gaoyigao， hongyigao， caoyigao and yiyigao groups were significantly lower than dayigao group； the contents of DA in gaoyigao and caoyigao groups were significantly lower than hongyigao group， the contents of ACTH in gaoyigao， dayigao， caoyigao and yiyigao groups were significantly higher than hongyigao group. The contents of 17-OHCS， DA and ACTH in gaozhenggao， dazhenggao， caozhenggao and yizhenggao groups， the contents of A in dazhenggao， caozhenggao and yizhenggao groups as well as the contents of D-β-H in gaozhenggao， caozhenggao and yizhenggao groups were significantly lower than hongzhenggao group. The contents of 17-OHCS and D-β-H in caoshuigao and yishuigao groups were significantly lower than dashuigao group. The contents of 17-OHCS， DA and D-β-H in caoshuigao and yishuigao groups as well as the contents of DA and D-β-H in gaoshuigao groups were significantly lower than hongshuigao group （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）. CONCLUSIONS： Different polar parts of 5 kinds of Alpinia can improve gastric ulcer model rats with cold syndrome to different extents； among them， the fruit of A. galangal is the best， followed by the root of A. officinarum. Above medicinal materials can regulate the function of sympathetic-adrenal system by increasing the contents of 17-OHCS， CAs and D-β-H.

Objective : To investigate the effects of glycated low density lipoprotein (Gly⁃LDL) on the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the expression of toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and hypoxia inducible factor⁃1α (HIF⁃1α), and to explore its possible mechanism . Methods : HUVECs were cultured in vitro and divided into control group, positive control group[50 mg/L normal low density lipoprotein(n⁃LDL)], low concentration, medium concentration and high concentration Gly⁃LDL(50, 75, 100 mg/L) groups . Respectively, the effects of different concentrations of Gly⁃LDL on survival rate of HUVECs were detected by CCK⁃8; The motility of HUVECs under different treatments were detected by wound healing assays; The level of inflammatory cytokine, such as tumor inducing factor⁃α(TNF⁃α), interleukin⁃6(IL⁃6), intercellular adhesion molecule⁃1(ICAM⁃1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule⁃1(VCAM⁃1) were detected by ELISA; The mRNA levels of TLR4, HIF⁃1α, TNF⁃α and IL⁃6 were detected by qRT⁃PCR; Protein expressions of TLR4, HIF⁃1α, TNF⁃α and IL⁃6 were detected by Western blot; Respectively, si⁃RNA of TLR4 and HIF⁃1α was used to intervene the effects of Gly⁃LDL on HUVECs . The experiment was divided into control group, model group (Gly⁃LDL 100 mg/L), si⁃TLR4 group (Gly⁃LDL 100 mg/L + si⁃TLR4), TLR4 unloading group( Gly⁃LDL 100 mg/L + si⁃NC1), si⁃HIF⁃1α group ( Gly⁃LDL 100 mg/L + si⁃HIF⁃1α) and HIF⁃1α unloading group ( Gly⁃LDL 100 mg/L + si⁃NC2) . Protein expressions of TLR4 and HIF⁃1α were detected by Western blot to verify the interaction between TLR4 and HIF⁃1α . Results: The survival rate and migration rate of HUVECs were inhibited in Gly⁃LDL(50 mg/L, 75 mg/L, 100 mg/L) group (P < 0. 01), the inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF⁃α, IL⁃6, ICAM⁃1,VCAM⁃1 increased by Gly⁃LDL function on HUVECs(P < 0. 001), and the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4, HIF⁃1α, TNF⁃α and IL⁃6 increased by Gly⁃LDL in a dose dependent manner. After TLR4 was knocked out, the proteins expression of TLR4 and HIF⁃1α were down⁃regulated compared with model group(P < 0. 05),but after HIF⁃1α was knockout, only the protein expression of HIF⁃1α was down⁃regulated compared with model group( P < 0. 01),while the protein expression of TLR4 was up⁃regulated under the influence of Gly⁃LDL. Conclusion Gly⁃LDL may inhibit the proliferation and migration of HUVECs by up⁃regulating TLR4/HIF⁃1α inflammatory signaling pathway, and promote the expression of inflamma⁃tory cytokines, leading to vascular endothelial injury .